Performance Gap Between Men and Women in Ironman Triathlons

PURPOSE: The increased participation and performance improvement of women in Ironman triathlons (IM) have been showing that the performance gap with men is shorter than ever. Thus, this study aimed to explore this performance gap by discipline (swimming, cycling, and running) and age-groups. METHODS: Publicly available data from all IM events from 2002 to 2022 were used for this analysis. Each performance variable (swimming, cycling, running, and overall) were included as dependent variables in general linear model with gender and category (elite, age-groups) as independent factors. The effect size (Cohen’s d and delta percentage) was calculated for every “male vs. female” comparison. RESULTS: A total of 741,973 entries were analyzed (women=145,008; men=596,965) and 12,670 of those were categorized as elite. For elite athletes, the running portion presented the smallest performance gap (7.3%, d = 0.432), whereas cycling and swimming showed a similar gap (swim: 10.7%, d=0.676; cycle: 10.0%, d = 1.132). For age-groupers, the largest gap was cycling (7.87%, d =0.633). In addition, age-groupers between 30 and 49 years showed the largest performance gap (7.9% - 8.0%), when compared to younger (old) or older (\u3e49 years old) athletes (5.0 – 6.9%). CONCLUSION: Overall, men consistently outperform women in all three disciplines of IM. However, the performance gap varies based on age group, level, and discipline. While elite athletes have small performance gaps in running, age-groupers have their largest performance gap in cycling. Additionally, age-groupers within 30-49 years of age have the largest performance gap amongst amateur athletes in IM

Evolución transformacional urbana, de la ciudad a la metrópoli. Redefiniendo el concepto de fuerzas centrífugas de expansión territorial

Lo que se abordará enseguida está relacionado no solo con la forma en que una ciudad procesalmente en el tiempo-espacio-diferencial (Lefebvre, H.: 1980: 44), se transforma espacialmente de una ciudad monocéntrica en una conurbación metropolitana (Precedo: 2004), la cual tiene como eje medular un centro metropolitano.Dicho centro está integrado por las diferentes áreas conurbadas y forma un policentrismo diversificado y caracterizado espacialmente por una localización de los diferentes usos del suelo, multidireccional y de orientación periférica alrededor de éste. Lo cual tiende a promover en su evolución transformacional territorial a un doble movimiento urbano contradictorio:i. El de  dispersión y; ii. El de condensación (Lefebvre, H.:2017:94)

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Editoria

Physiological and enzymatic changes in rice seeds stored at low temperatures

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low temperatures on the physiological and enzymatic changes of rice seeds. The seeds were packed in airtight chambers and maintained at temperatures of 8 and -50°C for periods of 15, 30 , 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The same procedure was adopted for the control treatment with the seeds  kept at a temperature of 25°C. The seeds were evaluated regarding germination test; seedling emergency;  emergency speed index; length and dry weight of radicle; and seedling of shoot. The activity of amylase and  total protein content were also evaluated. The temperatures of 8 and -50°C significantly influenced the  physiological quality and the enzyme amylase activity of rice seeds, resulting in higher germination, seedling  emergence and enzyme activity. The temperature is a promising alternative for the maintenance of  physiological quality and enzymatic activity of rice seeds during storage. Key words: Oryza sativa L., enzymatic activity, physiological quality, storage.Abbreviation: ESI, Emergence speed index; PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone

Editorial

Editoria

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Psychological ventilator dependence: A case report

Abstract Weaning a patient off mechanical ventilation, especially when they have been dependent on it for a long time, can be a difficult task. Many physical and psychological factors contribute towards dependence on the ventilator. We re-. port a case of a 28-year-old female patient that developed anxiety and a psychological dependence on the ventilator thereby making weaning off difficult. Timely psychiatric intervention resulted in successful weaning off the ventilator

A importância do farmacêutico no âmbito hospitalar e as vantagens da interdisciplinaridade do cuidado para a saúde e segurança dos pacientes / The importance of the pharmacist in the hospital environment and the advantages of interdisciplinary care for the health and safety of patients

Objetivo: Abordar sobre a importância do profissional farmacêutico no âmbito hospitalar, atuando no acompanhamento e em intervenção de eventuais erros de prescrição com foco na dispensação e orientação, participando de comissões e núcleos formados por profissionais que tem a acrescentar na forma e melhoria do tratamento disponibilizado. Métodos: O presente trabalho trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com o    objetivo de reunir informações científicas, pesquisado nas bases de dados SciELO, revistas, manuais, livros e resoluções vigentes. Revisão Bibliográfica: A farmácia hospitalar é uma unidade de saúde gerenciada por um profissional farmacêutico, sendo este profissional capacitado para realizar todas as funções relacionadas a medicações, participando de comissões farmacêuticas, gerenciamento, diluição, dispensação e assistência farmacêutica. Através da revisão é possível observar e identificar as melhorias encontradas na saúde dos pacientes com a integração do farmacêutico na equipe interdisciplinar de saúde, sendo este o principal profissional habilitado para identificar possíveis interações e dosagem correta individual para cada paciente. Considerações finais: Tornando concluso que garantir o bem estar do paciente é um dos objetivos primordiais do farmacêutico em exercício da profissão

Referenciais de identidade do espaço urbano do Tatuapé: Relato da pesquisa desenvolvida / Identity references of the urban space of Tatuapé: Report of the developed research

Pesquisa referente a elementos referenciais de identidade urbana, levantados no Bairro do Tatuapé, em São Paulo / SP, mediante levantamento, análise urbana e identificação de referenciais e sua transformação. Dá continuidade a estudos dessa natureza, no Bairro, observando transformações ocorridas após 9 anos de levantamento anterior. Contribuição metodológica, valorizando a identidade referencial do espaço para a qualidade de vida. Importantes estudos acadêmicos, envolvendo estudantes de arquitetura e urbanismo, aprofundando critérios para o planejamento e desenho urbano.

Effect of farnesol on planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis is now amongst the most important pathogenic agents responsible for bloodstream nosocomial infections and for biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. Its increasing resistance to common antibiotics is a challenge for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of farnesol, a natural sesquiterpenoid, on Staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic and biofilm cells. Farnesol displayed a significant inhibitory effect on planktonic cells. Small concentrations (100 μM) were sufficient to exhibit antibacterial effect on these cells. In biofilm cells the effect of farnesol was not so pronounced and it seems to be strongly dependent on the cells metabolic activity and amount of matrix. Interestingly, the effect of farnesol at 200 μM was similar to the effect of vancomycin at peak serum concentration either in planktonic or biofilm cells. Overall, the results indicate a potential antibacterial effect of farnesol against S. epidermidis, and therefore the possible action of this molecule on the prevention of S. epidermidis related infections.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/32126/2006, SFRH/BPD/26803/200