The Influence of TABATA and Energy Replenishment on Post-Exercise Metabolic Recovery: A Pilot Analysis

PURPOSE: Compare post-exercise metabolic recovery of individuals who, to recover from Tabata, drink 1) water (W), 2) 100% carbohydrate (CHO), or 3) 65% - 35% protein-carbohydrate (PRO-CHO). METHODS: Participants were recreationally active individuals (n = 21) who performed Tabata (TB) in the form of 1) full body calisthenics (FB) and 2) treadmill running (TR). Participants were randomly assigned to complete TB either with W (n=7), CHO (n=7), or PRO-CHO (n=7). Participants completed each of the three bouts in randomized order on three separate days. One bout involved sitting with no energy replenishment (rest). A second bout had the participants consume their assigned drink (W, CHO, or PRO-CHO) while performing TB (as either FB or TR). For the third bout, participants performed the other version of TB (not performed previously) but consumed the same drink as the previous TB bout. Both modes of TB were performed as repeated cycles of vigorous effort for 20 seconds followed with 10 seconds of rest for a total time of 25 minutes. Participants performed the FB and TR at the same relative intensity (~85% of HRmax). The energy content of the CHO and PRO-CHO drink was designed to match the energy expended during FB and TR. Immediately following the completion of each bout, the participants’ metabolic rate (MR) was assessed in 10-minute intervals over the next hour using a Parvo metabolic analyzer. The MR assessment included the participants’ estimated energy expenditure (EE), fat oxidation (total grams), and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation (total grams). Significant differences (p\u3c.05) between bouts were determined using a one-way, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: Compared to rest, EE was unchanged with TB (FB or TR) regardless of the energy replenishment used (p\u3e.05). In the W group, fat oxidation was increased, compared to rest (3.8±1.6), following FB (7.1±1.4; p=.0006) and TR (6.3±1.4; p=.0005). In addition, fat oxidation was greater following FB compared to TR (p=.004). In the PRO-CHO group, fat oxidation was increased, compared to rest (2.7±1.0), following FB (6.2±2.0; p=.002) and TR (4.8±1.3; p=.002). In addition, fat oxidation was greater following FB compared to TR (p=.006). In the CHO group, fat oxidation was unchanged (p\u3e.05) with FB (3.3±1.8) or TR (1.7±0.8) compared to rest (2.2±1.4). In the W group, CHO oxidation was significantly reduced, compared to rest (7.5±2.7), following FB (1.5±1.6; p=.0008) and TR (2.8±1.9; p=.0005) with no difference between FB and TR (p=.14). In the CHO group, CHO oxidation was unchanged (p\u3e.05) with FB (9.6±2.6) or TR (12.9±2.4) compared to rest (9.6±3.2). In the PRO-CHO group, CHO oxidation was unchanged (p\u3e.05) with FB (6.1±3.1) or TR (9.8±3.3) compared to rest (9.5±4.3). CONCLUSION: Tabata (FB or TR) increases fat oxidation during recovery, with greater rates of fat oxidation following FB. Higher use of fat following FB vs. TR might be due to 1) more muscle use during FB and 2) the vigorous nature of Tabata requiring more CHO use during exercise resulting in more fat use during recovery to help replenish glycogen stores. The increased rate of fat oxidation during recovery from TB is nullified when the expended energy is replenished with CHO supporting the notion that increased fat oxidation during recovery is predicated on the magnitude of glycogen depletion post-exercise. The effectiveness of Tabata, or any exercise regimen, on increased fat oxidation maybe, in part, based on the nutrients being consuming during and/or after exercise

MED12 Alterations in Both Human Benign and Malignant Uterine Soft Tissue Tumors

The relationship between benign uterine leiomyomas and their malignant counterparts, i.e. leiomyosarcomas and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), is still poorly understood. The idea that a leiomyosarcoma could derive from a leiomyoma is still controversial. Recently MED12 mutations have been reported in uterine leiomyomas. In this study we asked whether such mutations could also be involved in leiomyosarcomas and STUMP oncogenesis. For this purpose we examined 33 uterine mesenchymal tumors by sequencing the hot-spot mutation region of MED12. We determined that MED12 is altered in 66.6% of typical leiomyomas as previously reported but also in 11% of STUMP and 20% of leiomyosarcomas. The mutated allele is predominantly expressed in leiomyomas and STUMP. Interestingly all classical leiomyomas exhibit MED12 protein expression while 40% of atypical leiomyomas, 50% of STUMP and 80% of leiomyosarcomas (among them the two mutated ones) do not express MED12. All these tumors without protein expression exhibit complex genomic profiles. No mutations and no expression loss were identified in an additional series of 38 non-uterine leiomyosarcomas. MED12 mutations are not exclusive to leiomyomas but seem to be specific to uterine malignancies. A previous study has suggested that MED12 mutations in leiomyomas could lead to Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation however our immunohistochemistry results show that there is no association between MED12 status and β-catenin nuclear/cytoplasmic localization. Collectively, our results show that subgroups of benign and malignant tumors share a common genetics. We propose here that MED12 alterations could be implicated in the development of smooth muscle tumor and that its expression could be inhibited in malignant tumors

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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H-T Raman study of the amphoteric behavior of water in hydrous melts

Magma generation, migration and volcanism in subduction zones are strongly controlled by the release of water from subducting slabs, hence by the properties of hydrous magmas. Water speciation in a variety of melt compositions was investigated via Raman spectroscopy by performing in-situ HT analyses from ambient temperature up to 1600°C. Consistent with recent theoretical advancements and other spectroscopic evidences, our results point to the amphoteric behavior of dissolved water in melts. Increasing the temperature enhances the amphoteric behavior, depending on composition. When modeled in the frame of a revised polymeric model, it allows interpreting the variation of viscosity and diffusivity of studied samples upon hydration. The results of this study lead us to argue that continuous water addition may tend to limit melt depolymerization rather than favoring it, particularly at the depths of the melting of the mantle wedge. This may help explaining why the slab-derived fluids change drastically at the so-called second critical end-point. These effects have important consequences for the upward fluxing of fluid-mobile elements in subduction settings

Structural investigation of platinum solubility in silicate glasses

International audienceThe coordination environment of 20-200 ppm Pt in yellowish glasses from the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) ternary was studied using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at the Pt-L-III edge. Analysis of the Pt-L-III edge region suggests that Pt in these glasses is mainly tetravalent and sixfold-coordinated by O (with a mean Pt-O distance of 2.08 +/- 0.02 Angstrom). No evidence for Pt2+ or Pt6+ was found in any of the glasses studied, suggesting that one can not derive valence information easily from solubility data. No second-neighbor contribution was observed around Pr4+O6 polyhedra. However, bond-valence modeling suggest that these polyhedra are likely to bond mostly to Ca-[VI](2+), which should promote high positional disorder of second-neighbor cations around Pt. This particular bonding arrangement may explain the relatively high solubility of Pt in these relatively depolymerized melts, as CaPtO3-type units

Water speciation in silicate melts: an high temperature Raman spectroscopy study.

In addition to temperature, pressure and main chemical components, volatiles exert a strong influence on the physical properties of magmas. In particular, water plays a fundamental role in the dynamics and evolution of magmas in the deep interior and during volcano eruption. However, water speciation in silicate melts is not fully understood. Infrared spectroscopy had provided some valuable information about the H2O/OHspeciation. We know that this speciation is a function of temperature and water contents of melts. It can be very interesting to know it from in situ experiments. This can be done using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra are composed of i) a low-wavenumber region which corresponds to vibrations of the silicate network (0-1500 cm-1), and ii) a high-wavenumber region which correspond to the OH- stretching vibration and H2O molecular vibration (3100-3750 cm-1). We have performed a first set of in situ experiments using a micro-furnace at ambient pressure. We have observed an evolution of the high-wavenumber region as a function of time and temperature. New Raman peaks can be distinguished, particularly near 3650-3700 cm-1. In this communication, we will present our first results on this subject and then discuss them in terms of relation between water and the silicate network

Nanoscale femtosecond laser milling and control of nanoporosity in the normal and anomalous regimes of GeO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> glasses

© 2016 Optical Society of America. Glass modifications on the nanoscale occurring after femtosecond laser irradiation give rise to strong form birefringence. This birefringence is related to the so-called nanogratings. By observing induced tracks in various germanosilicate glasses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we demonstrate that porous nanoplanes can be formed not only in silicate glasses with anomalous density behaviour with fictive temperature, but also within glassy systems with normal density behaviour. The nanoporous oxide is likely due to fast decomposition and volume expansion along with glassy condensation of the oxide creating extreme conditions far from equilibrium. The porosity filling factor and the average pore size significantly decreases when increasing the GeO2 content. Precise laser translation and control of these nanoporous structures allows arbitrary milling, tuning and positioning within the glass, an important top-down approach to control micro and nanostructure and consequently optical properties for molecular sieves, catalysts, composites and optoelectronics applications. At a fundamental level, femtosecond laser milling of glass allows access to glassy regimes that may have no obvious natural counterpart