Estimation de l'âge sur une suture crânienne à partir de techniques macroscopiques , radiologiques et histologiques

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Age-at-death estimation based on the study of frontosphenoidal sutures

Determination of age at the time of death based on the observation of cranial sutures has led to numerous studies with sometimes contradictory results. The initial hypothesis being that suture closure is part of an age-related physiological process, the conflicting results have been interpreted by various authors as secondary to the choice of sutures, under the co-existing influence of pathological factors or genetic factors, or even independent of age. Despite these differences, macroscopic methods remain much used in anthropology and in forensic medicine. In our work, we evaluated the value of the degree of closure of the frontosphenoidal suture in estimating age at death of mature subjects, with the secondary objective of establishing a linear regression which could be used in routine practice. The study concerned bone specimens from individuals whose age, sex and medical history were known. Macroscopic observation was carried out on the ectocranial and endocranial sides according to four stages of closure previously defined. 290 sutures were taken from a population of whom two-thirds were men. The method can be repeated and reproduced and the regression established shows the confidence range for average error to be 1.5 years. While this result is of interest in terms of precision in prediction for a group of people, the prediction range is too great ( 23 years) to be applicable to a single individual as part of a forensic procedure

Lipid nanocapsules formulation and cellular activities evaluation of a promising anticancer agent: EAPB0503

International audienceObjective : EAPB0503, lead compound of imiqualines, presented high antitumor activities but also a very low water solubility which was critical for further preclinical studies. To apply to EAPB0503, a robust and safe lipid formulation already used for poor soluble anticancer agents for injectable administration at a concentration higher than 1 mg/mL.Materials and Methods : Physicochemical properties of EAPB0503 were determined to consider an adapted formulation. In a second time, lipid nanocapsules (LNC) formulations based on the phase-inversion process were developed for EAPB0503 encapsulation. Then, EAPB0503 loaded-LNC were tested in vitro on different cell lines and compared to standard EAPB0503 solutions.Results : Optimized EAPB0503 LNC displayed an average size of 111.7 ± 0.9 nm and a low polydispersity index of 0.059 ± 0.002. The obtained loading efficiency was higher than 96% with a drug loading of 1.7 mg/mL. A stability study showed stability during 4 weeks stored at 25°C. In vitro results highlighted similar efficiencies between LNC and standard EAPB0503 solutions prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide.Conclusion : In view of results obtained for loading efficiency and drug loading, the use of a LNC formulation is very interesting to permit the solubilization of a lipophilic drug and to improve its bioavailability. Preliminary tested pharmaceutical formulation applied to EAPB0503 significantly improved its water solubility and will be soon considered for future preclinical in vivo studies

p16INK4a and its regulator miR-24 link senescence and chondrocyte terminal differentiation-associated matrix remodelling in osteoarthritis.

International audienceINTRODUCTION: Recent evidence suggests that tissue accumulation of senescent p16INK4a positive cells during lifespan would be deleterious for tissue functions and could be the consequence of the inherent age-associated disorders. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the accumulation of chondrocytes expressing p16INK4a and markers of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) including the matrix remodelling metallo-proteases MMP1/MMP13 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-6. Here we evaluated the role of p16INK4a in the OA-induced SASP and its regulation by microRNAs (miRs). METHODS: We used IL-1beta-treated primary OA chondrocytes cultured in 3D or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiated into chondrocyte to follow p16INK4a expression. By transient transfection experiments and the use of knock out mice we validate p16INK4a function in chondrocytes and its regulation by one miR identified by means of a genome wide miR-arrays analysis. RESULTS: p16INK4a is induced upon IL-1beta treatment and also during in vitro chondrogenesis. In mouse model, Ink4a locus favors in vivo the proportion of terminally differentiated chondrocytes. When overexpressed in chondrocytes, p16INK4a is sufficient to induce the production of the two matrix remodelling enzymes, MMP1 and MMP13, thus linking senescence with OA pathogenesis and bone development. We identified miR-24, as a negative regulator of p16INK4a. Accordingly, p16INK4a expression increased while miR-24 level was repressed upon IL-1beta addition, in OA cartilage and during in vitro terminal chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: We disclosed herein a new role of the senescence marker p16INK4a and its regulation by miR-24 during OA and terminal chondrogenesis

Élites et pouvoirs locaux

L'ambition de cet ouvrage est de contribuer à une histoire et à une sociologie des élites et des pouvoirs locaux sous la Troisième République, à partir de travaux portant sur leurs profils, leurs représentations, leur permanence et leur renouvellement ainsi que sur leurs attitudes dans le conflit traditionnel entre Paris et la province. Il s'agit donc de tenter de reconstituer, de manière empirique, un certain nombre de « configurations » et de réseaux de pouvoir afin de mieux saisir l'armature du contrôle politique et social, et par conséquent, les figures concrètes de la gouvernance des sociétés locales. Les champs d'investigation englobent ici la dimension communale, départementale et régionale sur l'ensemble du territoire de la France du Sud-Est