Dinámica de transmisión y modelos matemáticos en enfermedades transmitidas por vectores

Modern theory on the dynamics of infectious diseases is infl uenced by ecological theory, especially by demography. Th e study of these dynamics using mathematical models has had a staggering development in recent years, and has proven to be a valuable tool to understand epidemiological patterns and processes, provided that models are as close as possible to real life situations and based on biological knowledge. We discuss the basic concepts of the transmission dynamics of infectious agents aff ecting a host and an insect vector. We specifi cally study mathematical models for the dynamics of human malaria in both spatially homogeneous and fragmented environments. Models for the dynamics of human onchocerciasis are also presented. Finally we discuss the results and their basic and applied importance

Functional centrality in graphs

In this paper we introduce the functional centrality as a generalization of the subgraph centrality. We propose a general method for characterizing nodes in the graph according to the number of closed walks starting and ending at the node. Closed walks are appropriately weighted according to the topological features that we need to measure

Initial stage of plate lifting from a water surface

This study deals with the flow induced by a rigid flat plate of finite length, initially touching a horizontal water surface, when it starts to move upwards with constant acceleration. In the present model, negative hydrodynamic pressures on the lower (wetted) surface of the plate are allowed, and thus, the water follows the plate due to the resulting suction force. The acceleration of the plate and the plate length are such that gravity, surface tension and viscous effects can be neglected during the early stages of the motion. Under these assumptions, the initial two-dimensional, potential flow caused by the plate lifting is obtained by using the small-time expansion of the velocity potential. This small-time solution is not valid close to the plate edges, as it predicts there singular flow velocities and unbounded displacements of the water-free surface. It is shown that close to the plate edges the flow is nonlinear and self-similar to leading order. This nonlinear flow is computed by the boundary-element method combined with a time-marching scheme. The numerical time-dependent solution approaches the self-similar local solution with time

Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction in the general population

BACKGROUND: Recent data indicate that chronic use of coxibs leads to an increased occurrence of thrombotic cardiovascular events. This raises the question as to whether traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) might also produce similar hazards. Our aim has been to evaluate the association between the chronic use of tNSAIDs and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients. METHODS: We performed a nested case-control analysis with 4,975 cases of acute MI and 20,000 controls, frequency matched to cases by age, sex, and calendar year. RESULTS: Overall, current use of tNSAID was not associated with an increased risk of MI (RR:1.07;95%CI: 0.95–1.21). However, we found that the relative risk (RR) of MI for durations of tNSAID treatment of >1 year was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.00–1.48). The corresponding RR was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.06–1.70) for non-fatal MI. The effect was independent from dose. The small risk associated with long-term use of tNSAIDs was observed among patients not taking low-dose aspirin (RR: 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01–1.65). The effect of long-term use for individual tNSAIDs ranged from a RR of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.47–1.62) with naproxen to 1.38 (95% CI, 1.00–1.90) with diclofenac. CONCLUSION: This study adds support to the hypothesis that chronic treatment with some tNSAIDs is associated with a small increased risk of non-fatal MI. Our data are consistent with a substantial variability in cardiovascular risks between individual tNSAIDs

Using Magentix2 in Smart-Home Environments

[EN] In this paper, we present the application of a multi-agent platform Magentix2 for the development of MAS in smart-homes. Specificallly, the use of Magentix2 (http://gti-ia.upv.es/sma/tools/magentix2/index.php) platform facilitates the management of the multiple occupancy in smart living spaces. Virtual organizations provide the possibility of defining a set of norms and roles that facilitate the regulation and control of the actions that can be carried out by the internal and external agents depending on their profile. We illustrate the applicability of our proposal with a set of scenarios. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.This work is supported by the Spanish government grants CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00022, MINECO/FEDER TIN2012-36586-C03-01, TIN2011-27652-C03-01, and SP2014800.Valero Cubas, S.; Del Val Noguera, E.; Alemany Bordera, J.; Botti, V. (2015). Using Magentix2 in Smart-Home Environments. En 10th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications. Springer Verlag. 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19719-7_3S2737Bajo J, Fraile JA, Pérez-Lancho B, Corchado JM (2010) The thomas architecture in home care scenarios: a case study. Expert Syst Appl 37(5):3986–3999Cetina C, Giner P, Fons J, Pelechano V (2009) Autonomic computing through reuse of variability models at runtime: The case of smart homes. Computer 42(10):37–43Cook DJ (2009) Multi-agent smart environments. J Ambient Intell Smart Environ 1(1):51–55Crandall AS, Cook DJ (2010) Using a hidden markov model for resident identification. In: 6th international conference on intelligent environments, pp 74–79. IEEECriado N, Argente E, Botti V (2013) THOMAS: an agent platform for supporting normative multi-agent systems. J Logic Comput 23(2):309–333Davidoff S, Lee MK, Zimmerman J, Dey A (2006) Socially-aware requirements for a smart home. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on intelligent, environments, pp 41–44Grupo de Tecnología Informática e Inteligencia Artificial (GTI-IA) (2015). http://www.gti-ia.upv.es/sma/tools/magentix2/archivos/Magentix2UserManualv2.1.0.pdf . Magentix2 User’s Manual v2.0Loseto G, Scioscia F, Ruta M, di Sciascio E (2012) Semantic-based smart homes: a multi-agent approach. In: 13th Workshop on objects and agents (WOA 2012), vol 892, pp 49–55Rodriguez S, Julián V, Bajo J, Carrascosa C, Botti V, Corchado JM (2011) Agent-based virtual organization architecture. Eng Appl Artif Intell 24(5):895–910Rodríguez S, Paz JFD, Villarrubia G, Zato C, Bajo J, Corchado JM (2015) Multi-agent information fusion system to manage data from a WSN in a residential home. Inf Fusion 23:43–57Such JM, Garca-Fornes A, Espinosa A, Bellver J (2012) Magentix2: a Privacy-enhancing Agent Platform. Eng Appl Artif IntellSun Q, Yu W, Kochurov N, Hao Q, Hu F (2013) A multi-agent-based intelligent sensor and actuator network design for smart house and home automation. J Sens Actuator Netw 2(3):557–588Val E, Criado N, Rebollo M, Argente E, Julian V (2009) Service-oriented framework for virtual organizations. 1:108–114Wu C-L, Liao C-F, Fu L-C (2007) Service-oriented smart-home architecture based on osgi and mobile-agent technology. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part C Appl Rev 37(2):193–205Yin J, Yang Q, Shen D, Li Z-N (2008) Activity recognition via user-trace segmentation. ACM Trans Sens Netw (TOSN) 4(4):1

Análisis de los goles anotados en la Primera y Segunda División española durante la temporada 2017/2018

The aim of the present investigation was to know the typology of the goals scored in Spanish professional soccer through an observational analysis. 1137 goals (508 First division and 629 Second division) scored in 421 soccer matches corresponding to the 2017-2018 season in First and Second division were analyzed. All the goals were classified according to their typology. In general, most of the goals were scored with the legs, at the first touch and from within the area. No significant differences were obtained (p> 0.05) when comparing the typology of goals according to the category of the competition. However, significant differences were observed (p <0.05) when comparing the different playing positions. The results obtained suggest that specific training tasks should be proposed, depending on the playing position, in order to optimize the performance of the players' goal.El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la tipología de los goles marcados en el fútbol profesional español mediante un análisis observacional. Los 1137 goles (508 en Primera división y 629 Segunda división) marcados en los 421 partidos de fútbol correspondientes a la temporada 2017-2018 en Primera y Segunda división fueron analizados. Todos los goles se clasificaron en función de su tipología. De manera general, la mayoría de los goles se anotaron con las extremidades inferiores, al primer toque y desde dentro del área. No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) al comparar la tipología de los goles en función de la categoría de la competición. Sin embargo, se observaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) al comparar los diferentes puestos específicos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que se deben plantear tareas de entrenamiento específicas, en función del puesto específico, con el fin de optimizar el rendimiento de cara a gol de los futbolistas

Microbial catabolic activities are naturally selected by metabolic energy harvest rate

The fundamental trade-off between yield and rate of energy harvest per unit of substrate has been largely discussed as a main characteristic for microbial established cooperation or competition. In this study, this point is addressed by developing a generalized model that simulates competition between existing and not experimentally reported microbial catabolic activities defined only based on well-known biochemical pathways. No specific microbial physiological adaptations are considered, growth yield is calculated coupled to catabolism energetics and a common maximum biomass-specific catabolism rate (expressed as electron transfer rate) is assumed for all microbial groups. Under this approach, successful microbial metabolisms are predicted in line with experimental observations under the hypothesis of maximum energy harvest rate. Two microbial ecosystems, typically found in wastewater treatment plants, are simulated, namely: (i) the anaerobic fermentation of glucose and (ii) the oxidation and reduction of nitrogen under aerobic autotrophic (nitrification) and anoxic heterotrophic and autotrophic (denitrification) conditions. The experimentally observed cross feeding in glucose fermentation, through multiple intermediate fermentation pathways, towards ultimately methane and carbon dioxide is predicted. Analogously, two-stage nitrification (by ammonium and nitrite oxidizers) is predicted as prevailing over nitrification in one stage. Conversely, denitrification is predicted in one stage (by denitrifiers) as well as anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation). The model results suggest that these observations are a direct consequence of the different energy yields per electron transferred at the different steps of the pathways. Overall, our results theoretically support the hypothesis that successful microbial catabolic activities are selected by an overall maximum energy harvest rate

Vitamin D and Delirium in Older Adults: A Case-Control Study in Geriatric Acute Care Unit

This is the final version. Available on open access from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this recordData Availability Statement: The datasets generated for this study are available on request from the corresponding author after notification and authorization of the competent authorities.Objective: Vitamin D is involved in brain health and function. Our objective was to determine whether the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration was associated with delirium in a case-control study of geriatric inpatients. Methods: Sixty cases with delirium (mean ± SD, 84.8 ± 5.7years; 58.3% female) and 180 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in a geriatric acute care unit between 2012 and 2014. The diagnosis of delirium was made using the Confusion Assessment Method. Hypovitaminosis D was defined using consecutively the consensual threshold value of 50 nmol/L and a threshold value calculated from a sensitivity-specificity analysis. Age, gender, number of acute diseases, use of psychoactive drugs, season of testing, and serum concentrations of calcium, parathyroid hormone, creatinine, albumin, TSH, vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 were used as potential confounders. Results: The 60 cases with delirium exhibited lower 25OHD concentration than 180 matched controls (35.4 ± 30.0 nmol/L vs. 45.9 ± 34.5 nmol/L, p = 0.035). Increased 25OHD concentration was associated with a decrease in delirium prevalence (OR = 0.99 [95CI: 0.98–0.99] per nmol/L of 25OHD, p = 0.038). The concentration distinguishing between cases and controls with the best sensitivity-specificity was found between 29.5 and 30.5 nmol/L. The regression models showed that delirium was associated with hypovitaminosis D defined either as 25OHD ≤ 50 nmol/L (OR = 2.37 [95CI: 1.07–5.25], p = 0.034) or as 25OHD ≤ 30 nmol/L (OR = 2.66 [95 CI: 1.30–5.45], p = 0.008). Conclusions: Decreased serum 25OHD concentrations were associated with delirium among acute geriatric inpatients. The threshold concentration to differentiate between cases and controls was around 30 nmol/L

NSAID Use Selectively Increases the Risk of Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review of Randomised Trials and Observational Studies

Recent clinical trials and observational studies have reported increased coronary events associated with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There appeared to be a disproportionate increase in non-fatal versus fatal events, however, numbers of fatal events in individual studies were too small, and event rates too low, to be meaningful.We undertook a pooled analysis to investigate the effect of NSAIDs on myocardial infarction (MI) risk with the specific aim to differentiate non-fatal from fatal events.We searched Pubmed (January, 1990 to March, 2010) for observational studies and randomised controlled trials that assessed the effect of NSAIDs (traditional or selective COX-2 inhibitors [coxibs]) on MI incidence separately for fatal and non-fatal events. Summary estimates of relative risk (RR) for non-fatal and fatal MIs were calculated with a random effects model.NSAID therapy carried a RR of 1.30 (95% CI, 1.20-1.41) for non-fatal MI with no effect on fatal MI (RR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.89-1.17) in six observational studies. Overall, the risk increase for non-fatal MI was 25% higher (95% CI, 11%-42%) than for fatal MI. The two studies that included only individuals with prior cardiovascular disease presented risk estimates for non-fatal MI on average 58% greater (95% CI, 26%-98%) than those for fatal MI. In nine randomised controlled trials, all investigating coxibs, the pooled RR estimate for non-fatal MI was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.04-2.50) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.51-1.47) for fatal MIs.NSAID use increases the risk of non-fatal MI with no substantial effect on fatal events. Such differential effects, with potentially distinct underlying pathology may provide insights into NSAID-induced coronary pathology. We studied the association between the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), separating non-fatal from fatal events, summarizing the evidence from both observational studies and randomised controlled trials. An increased risk of non-fatal MI was clearly found in both types of studies while use of NSAID did not confer an increased risk of fatal MI. Our findings provide support for the concept that thrombi generated under NSAID treatment could be different from spontaneous thrombi