Proteomic characterization of thiazolidinedione regulation of obese adipose secretome in Zucker obese rats

Signaling molecules released by adipose tissue have been implicated in inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction and systemic insulin resistance. In this study, we used 2-D LC-MS/MS and quantitative proteomics approaches to characterize the obese adipose secretory proteins that are responsive to the thiazolidinediones class of PPAR-γ agonizts. We first showed the differential secretion profiling between obese and lean adipose tissue; 87 proteins were detected from the conditioned medium of adipose tissue of Zucker obese rats compared with 31 from lean rats. A total of 57 proteins comprising immune factors, inflammatory molecules, collagens, proteases, and extracellular matrix proteins were detected from obese, but not lean adipose tissue. More importantly, a quantitative proteomics approach using ^(18)O proteolytic labeling allowed quantification of the difference in the secretion levels of 77 proteins, and thiazolidinediones treatment suppressed the secretion of most of the obese adipose tissue secretome, thus resembling a lean tissue. We have demonstrated an application of identifying the obese adipose secretome and characterizing the regulation of adipose secretion in obesity and insulin resistance. Our data provide the first evidence of changes in adipose secretion in obesity at a global level and show that such changes are correlated with systemic insulin resistance

Murine obscurin and Obsl1 have functionally redundant roles in sarcolemmal integrity, sarcoplasmic reticulum organization, and muscle metabolism.

Biological roles of obscurin and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) have been enigmatic. While obscurin is highly expressed in striated muscles, Obsl1 is found ubiquitously. Accordingly, obscurin mutations have been linked to myopathies, whereas mutations in Obsl1 result in 3M-growth syndrome. To further study unique and redundant functions of these closely related proteins, we generated and characterized Obsl1 knockouts. Global Obsl1 knockouts are embryonically lethal. In contrast, skeletal muscle-specific Obsl1 knockouts show a benign phenotype similar to obscurin knockouts. Only deletion of both proteins and removal of their functional redundancy revealed their roles for sarcolemmal stability and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization. To gain unbiased insights into changes to the muscle proteome, we analyzed tibialis anterior and soleus muscles by mass spectrometry, uncovering additional changes to the muscle metabolism. Our analyses suggest that all obscurin protein family members play functions for muscle membrane systems

Dancing Greek Antiquity in Private and Public: Isadora Duncan's Early Patronage in Paris

This paper maps Isadora Duncan’s navigation of public and private venues, audiences, and receptions of “Greek” dances from her early career in Paris. I explore Duncan's relationship with Paris’ lesbian communities and the proliferation of ancient Greek dance in both private and public venues. Through comparisons to her contemporaries I contend that Duncan was aware of her early audiences’ interest in exotic and erotic representations of antiquity, and that she realigned these aspects of her art in later writings to appeal to changing aesthetics and interpretations of antiquity

Acceptance of and Adherence to a Four-Dose RTS,S/AS01 Schedule: Findings from a Longitudinal Qualitative Evaluation Study for the Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme

Background: The WHO recommended the use of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine (RTS,S) based on a pilot evaluation in routine use in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi. A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted to examine facilitators and barriers to uptake of a 4-dose RTS,S schedule. Methods: A cohort of 198 caregivers of RTS,S-eligible children from communities where RTS,S was provided through the pilot were interviewed three times over a ≈22-month, 4-dose schedule. The interviews examined caregiver perceptions and behaviors. Children’s vaccination history was obtained to determine dose uptake. Results: 162 caregivers remained at round 3 (R3); vaccination history was available for 152/162 children. Despite early rumors/fears, the uptake of initial doses was high, driven by vaccine trust. Fears dissipated by R2, replaced with an enthusiasm for RTS,S as caregivers perceived its safety and less frequent and severe malaria. By R3, 98/152 children had received four doses; 34 three doses; 9 one or two doses; and 11 zero doses. The health system and information barriers were important across all under-dose cases. Fears about AEFIs/safety were important in zero-, one-, and two-dose cases. Competing life/livelihood demands and complacency were found in three-dose cases. Regardless of the doses received, caregivers had positive attitudes towards RTS,S by R3. Conclusions: Findings from our study will help countries newly introducing the vaccine to anticipate and preempt reasons for delayed acceptance and missed RTS,S doses

Risk Adjustment and Outcome Measures for Out-of-hospital Respiratory Distress

: The purpose of the Emergency Medical Services Outcomes Project (EMSOP) is to develop a foundation and framework for out-of-hospital outcomes research. In prior work, this group delineated the priority conditions, described conceptual models, suggested core and risk adjustment measures potentially useful to emergency medical services research, and summarized out-of-hospital pain measurement. In this fifth article in the EMSOP series, the authors recommend specific risk-adjustment measures and outcome measures for use in out-of-hospital research on patients presenting with respiratory distress. The methodology included systematic literature searches and a structured review by an expert panel. The EMSOP group recommends use of pulse oximetry, peak expiratory flow rate, and the visual analog dyspnea scale as potential risk-adjustment measures and outcome measures for out-of-hospital research in patients with respiratory distress. Furthermore, using mortality as an outcome measure is also recommended. Future research is needed to alleviate the paucity of validated tools for out-of-hospital outcomes research.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73779/1/j.aem.2004.03.010.pd

Establishing the Scope and Methodological Approach to Out-of-hospital Outcomes and Effectiveness Research

: Outcomes research offers out-of-hospital medicine a valuable methodology for studying the effectiveness of services provided in the out-of hospital setting. A clear understanding of the history and constructs of outcomes research is necessary for its integration into emergency medical services research. This report describes the conceptual framework of outcomes research and key methodological considerations for the successful implementation of out-of-hospital outcomes research. Illustrations of the specific applications of outcomes research and implications to existing methodologies are given, as well as suggestions for improved interdisciplinary research.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75033/1/j.aem.2004.04.014.pd

Urban health nexus with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preparedness and response in Africa:Rapid scoping review of the early evidence

Introduction:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 also called coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in the African continent on 14 February 2020 in Egypt. As at 18 December 2020, the continent reported 2,449,754 confirmed cases, 57,817 deaths and 2,073,214 recoveries. Urban cities in Africa have particularly suffered the brunt of coronavirus disease 2019 coupled with criticisms that the response strategies have largely been a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. This article reviewed early evidence on urban health nexus with coronavirus disease 2019 preparedness and response in Africa.Methods:A rapid scoping review of empirical and grey literature was done using data sources such as ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, PubMed, HINARI and official websites of World Health Organization and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 26 full articles (empirical studies, reviews and commentaries) were synthesised and analysed qualitatively based on predefined inclusion criteria on publication relevance and quality.Results:Over 70% of the 26 articles reported on coronavirus disease 2019 response strategies across Africa; 27% of the articles reported on preparedness towards coronavirus disease 2019, while 38% reported on urbanisation nexus with coronavirus disease 2019; 40% of the publications were full-text empirical studies, while the remaining 60% were either commentaries, reviews or editorials. It was found that urban cities remain epicentres of coronavirus disease 2019 in Africa. Even though some successes have been recorded in Africa regarding coronavirus disease 2019 fight, the continent’s response strategies were largely found to be a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Consequently, adoption of ‘Western elitist’ mitigating measures for coronavirus disease 2019 containment resulted in excesses and spillover effects on individuals, families and economies in Africa.Conclusion:Africa needs to increase commitment to health systems strengthening through context-specific interventions and prioritisation of pandemic preparedness over response. Likewise, improved economic resilience and proper urban planning will help African countries to respond better to future public health emergencies, as coronavirus disease 2019 cases continue to surge on the continent

Reconstructing Native American population history

The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call First American. However, speakers of Eskimog-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.Fil: Reich, David. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Patterson, Nick. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Campbell, Desmond. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. The University Of Hong Kong; Hong KongFil: Tandon, Arti. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Mazieres, Stéphane. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Ray, Nicolas. Universidad de Ginebra; SuizaFil: Parra, Maria V.. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rojas, Winston. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Duque, Constanza. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Mesa, Natalia. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: García, Luis F.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Triana, Omar. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Blair, Silvia. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Maestre, Amanda. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Dib, Juan C.. Fundación Salud Para El Tró Pico; ColombiaFil: Bravi, Claudio Marcelo. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Bailliet, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Corach, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino Unido. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Bortolini, Maria Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Salzano, Francisco M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Petzl Erler, María Luiza. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. National Institute Of Anthropology And History; MéxicoFil: Aguilar Salinas, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Tusié Luna, Teresa. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Riba, Laura. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez Cruz, Maricela. Umae Hospital de Pediatría Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MéxicoFil: Lopez Alarcón, Mardia. Umae Hospital de Pediatría Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MéxicoFil: Coral Vazquez, Ramón. Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Méxic