Direito de propriedade intelectual no mundo editorial da tradução de livros, sob a perspectiva brasileira de implementação da “Lei de Direitos Autorais”

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, 2021.O presente trabalho visa apresentar como se dá o reconhecimento dos direitos autorais dos tradutores no âmbito editorial da comercialização de livros, com o intuito de promover uma ampla reflexão acerca das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais da tradução para fins de outorga de direito autoral, centrando-se na perspectiva brasileira de implementação da “Lei de Direitos Autorais”. Partindo-se de uma abordagem histórica da formação dos direitos autorais, o artigo identifica os primeiros sistemas de proteção dos direitos autorais, além de explanar a construção do modelo contemporâneo internacional de proteção da propriedade intelectual. Assim, a análise se volta para um estudo de caso e de direito comparado, com a finalidade de situar o leitor quanto a problemática enfrentada pelos tradutores, tanto no Brasil como em outras jurisdições. Para elucidar esta narrativa, foram escolhidos quatros casos estratégicos de dois grandes sucessos editorais, “Harry Potter” e o “O Senhor dos Anéis”. Desse modo, como elemento principal deste estudo, é trazida a disputa judicial pelos direitos autorais da tradução do “O Senhor dos Anéis” no Brasil. Neste sentido, o artigo diferencia os modelos contratuais de prestação de serviços e concessões de direitos autorais, com fulcro no ordenamento brasileiro, para validar a afirmativa que o tradutor é um autor. Portanto, a partir dos resultados encontrados se pretende concluir que a tradução em regime de direitos autorais é o próprio direito do autor e não uma simples prestação de serviços.This article aims to present how the translator's copyright is recognized in the editorial scope of book marketing. The paper will demonstrate through a broad reflection, the difficulties faced by translation professionals for the purpose of granting copyright, through the Brazilian perspective of implementing the “Copyright Law”. The paper gives a historical approach from the formation of the rights of the author, it then identifies the first systems of copyright protection, besides explaining the construction of the contemporary international model for the protection of intellectual property. Thus, the analysis demonstrates a case study and comparative law, with the purpose of showing the problem faced by translators, both in Brazil and in other jurisdictions. To develop this narrative, four strategic cases of two major publishing successes, "Harry Potter" and "Lord of the Rings", were chosen. Therefore, as a main issue of this study, the legal dispute over the rights of the author from Lord of the Rings’ translation in Brazil is detailed. In this sense, the article differentiates the contractual models for the provision of services and rights of the author concessions, based on the Brazilian system, to validate the claim that the translator is an author. Thereby, based on the results found, this study concludes that the translation under copyright regime is the Author's Right and not a simple provision of services

Ultrafast Laser-Induced Melting of Long-Range Magnetic Order in Multiferroic TbMnO3

We performed ultrafast time-resolved near-infrared pump, resonant soft X-ray diffraction probe measurements to investigate the coupling between the photoexcited electronic system and the spin cycloid magnetic order in multiferroic TbMnO3 at low temperatures. We observe melting of the long range antiferromagnetic order at low excitation fluences with a decay time constant of 22.3 +- 1.1 ps, which is much slower than the ~1 ps melting times previously observed in other systems. To explain the data we propose a simple model of the melting process where the pump laser pulse directly excites the electronic system, which then leads to an increase in the effective temperature of the spin system via a slower relaxation mechanism. Despite this apparent increase in the effective spin temperature, we do not observe changes in the wavevector q of the antiferromagnetic spin order that would typically correlate with an increase in temperature under equilibrium conditions. We suggest that this behavior results from the extremely low magnon group velocity that hinders a change in the spin-spiral wavevector on these time scales.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Individual patient data meta-analysis of organ failure in acute pancreatitis : protocol of the PANCREA II study

Context Organ failure is a major determinant of mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. These patients usually requireadmission to high dependency or intensive care units and consume considerable health care resources. Given a low incidence rate of organ failure and a lack of large non-interventional studies in the field of acute pancreatitis, the characteristics of organ failure that influence outcomes of patients with acute pancreatitis remain largely unknown. Therefore, the Pancreatitis Across Nations Clinical Research and Education Alliance (PANCREA) aims to conduct a meta-analysis of individual patient data from prospective non-interventional studies to determine the influence of timing, duration, sequence, and combination of different organ failures on mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods Pancreatologists currently active with acute pancreatitis clinical research will be invited to contribute. To be eligible for inclusion patients will have to meet the criteria of acute pancreatitis, develop at least one organ failure during the first week of hospitalization, and not be enrolled into an intervention study. Raw data will then be collated and checked. Individual patient data analysis based on a logistic regression model with adjustment for confounding variables will be done. For all analyses, corresponding 95% confidence intervals and P values will be reported. Conclusion This collaborative individual patient data meta-analysis will answer important clinical questions regarding patients with acute pancreatitis that develop organ failure. Information derived from this study will be used to optimize routine clinical management and improve care strategies. It can also help validate outcome definitions, allow comparability of results and form a more accurate basis for patient allocation in further clinical studies

Impact of a topical anaesthesia wound management formulation on pain, inflammation and reduction of secondary infections after tail docking in lambs

We examined several procedures for surgical tail docking; with and without general anaesthesia (GA), including the use of a topical wound gel formulation to provide pain relief (PR) and improve healing after surgery, containing local anaesthetics lignocaine and bupivacaine, with cetrimide and adrenalin. Forty-four lambs were recruited into four equal cohorts: Groups A and C, the tail was excised with a scalpel without anaesthesia or stitches; Groups B and D, the tail was surgically excised and stitched under GA; Groups C and D wounds were immediately sprayed with PR. Behavioural observations identified that Groups A and C displayed significantly less pain-related behaviours than Groups B and D shortly after the procedure, especially if treated with PR. Similarly, the mean of days when animals showed no signs of wound infection was longer in the groups not undergoing stitching. Finally, treatment with PR appeared to reduce the cortisol response and avoided the elevation of serum amyloid A in lambs where the tail was excised without general anaesthesia. In conclusion, surgical tail-docking without GA but where wounds are immediately sprayed with PR, appears as an affordable and more welfare-appropriate method for conducting tail docking in lambs

Evaluación funcional del movimiento: incidencia del valgo dinámico de rodilla en mujeres practicantes de la musculación y sedentarias

La evaluación del movimiento se hace importante y necesaria para la identificación de los riesgos de lesión, posibilitando la elaboración de programas de ejercicios preventivos y correctivos, buscando la mejora del desempeño de las actividades funcionales y el consiguiente bienestar. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar la incidencia del valgo dinámico de la rodilla en mujeres practicantes de musculación y mujeres sedentarias, e identificar los síntomas álgicos y el potencial de lesión asociados a esa alteración biomecánica. Sesenta mujeres fueron divididas en dos grupos: practicantes de musculación y sedentarias, con edad entre 18 y 30 años. Los datos fueron recolectados a través del sistema Functional Movement Screen y sometidos a análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. El valgo dinámico de la rodilla fue presentado por el 60% de las mujeres sedentarias y por el 33,3% de las mujeres practicantes de musculación, demostrando asociación entre el valgo dinámico y el sedentarismo (p<0,03). En los dos grupos no hubo asociación entre el dolor y el valgo dinámico de la rodilla (p>0,06). De las mujeres sedentarias, el 50% presentó puntuación FMS menor que seis puntos, representando alto riesgo de lesión. Se concluye que las mujeres sedentarias presentan mayor predisposición al valgo dinámico de la rodilla, mayor sintomatología dolorosa y mayor riesgo de lesión en los miembros inferiores.A avaliação do movimento é importante e necessária para identificar os riscos de lesão possibilitando a elaboração de programas de exercícios preventivos e corretivos, visando a melhora do desempenho das atividades funcionais e o consequente bem-estar. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar a incidência do valgo dinâmico do joelho em mulheres praticantes de musculação e mulheres sedentárias, e identificar os sintomas álgicos e o potencial de lesão associados a essa alteração biomecânica. Sessenta mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos: praticantes de musculação e sedentárias, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se o sistema Functional Movement Screen e foram submetidos a análises estatísticas descritiva e inferencial. O valgo dinâmico do joelho é apresentado por 60% das mulheres sedentárias, quando comparadas às mulheres praticantes de musculação (33,3%), demonstrando associação entre o valgo dinâmico e o sedentarismo (p<0,03). Não houve associação entre a dor e o valgo dinâmico do joelho (p>0,06) para ambos os grupos. Das mulheres sedentárias, 50,0% apresentaram escore FMS abaixo de seis pontos, representando alto risco de lesão. Conclui-se que mulheres sedentárias apresentam maior predisposição ao valgismo dinâmico do joelho, maior sintomatologia dolorosa e maior risco de lesão nos membros inferiores.Movement evaluation is important and necessary to identify the risks of injury, enabling the elaboration of preventive and corrective exercise programs, aiming to improve the performance of functional activities and consequent well-being. This study aimed to analyze and compare the incidence of dynamic knee valgus in bodybuilders and sedentary women, as well as to identify the pain symptoms and the potential for injury associated with this biomechanical change. Sixty women were divided into two groups: bodybuilders and sedentary, aged 18 to 30. Data collection consisted of Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and the data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis. A total of 60% of sedentary women had dynamic knee valgus, with a predominance of bodybuilders (33.3%), showing an association between dynamic valgus and sedentary lifestyle (p<0.03). There was no association between pain and dynamic knee valgus (p>0.06) for both groups. 50.0% women and sedentary had a FMS score below six points, representing a high risk of injury. It is concluded that sedentary women are more predisposed to dynamic knee valgus, as well as greater pain symptomatology and greater risk of lower limbs injury

Análisis de los mejores cursos de Ciencias Contables en São Paulo, según el examen de suficiencia CFC

Purpose: The research consists of a comparative study of the five private Higher Education Institutions (IES), in the state of São Paulo, where more than 50% of candidates pass the proficiency exam of the Federal Accounting Council (CFC), pointing out their differences and similarities Design/Methodology: An exploratory, qualitative research was used, the topics were separated and classified by thematic axis and workload, using the curricular guidelines, which include basic training, professional training, theoretical-practical training and differential content with in order to consolidate the comparative results by thematic axis of the surveyed institutions. Results: The results show that the selected HEIs, applied in their contents of the current science course, have a time load higher than the minimum required by the Ministry of Education of 3000 hours, with variations between 8% and 47%. These institutions invest in non-mandatory contents such as sociology, psychology and among others. Implications: Regarding the number of hours of basic training, according to the curricular matrix proposed by the Federal Accounting Council, four of the five HEIs analyzed invest between 13% and 48%. This fact leads to the assumption that this knowledge facilitates a better understanding of other contents; thus, providing a solid basis for student’s training. Original/value: There are four of the five HEIs analyzed that invest between 13% and 48% above the curricular matrix adjusted by the CFC in the basic training group, which facilitates a better understanding of the other subjects and provides a solid foundation for student training. Limitations/Implications: The research did not address the detailed content covered by the Institutions and teaching methodologies, as they were not available by the Institutions. Practical implications: This fact demonstrates the need to review the course contents of institutions in Brazil to contribute to the critical training of professionals.Propósito: La investigación consiste en un estudio comparativo de las cinco Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) privadas del estado de São Paulo, donde aprueba más del 50% de los candidatos en el examen de suficiencia del Consejo Federal de Contabilidad (CFC), señalando sus diferencias y similitudes. Diseño/Metodología: Se utilizó una investigación exploratoria cualitativa, se separaron los temas y se clasificaron por eje temático y carga de trabajo, utilizando los lineamientos curriculares que incluyen formación básica, formación profesional, formación teórico-práctica y contenidos diferenciales con el fin de consolidar los resultados comparativos por eje temático de las instituciones encuestadas. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que las IES seleccionadas aplican, en sus contenidos de la carrera de Ciencias Contables, una carga de trabajo mayor al mínimo exigido por el Ministerio de Educación de 3000 horas, con variaciones entre el 8% y 47%. Estas instituciones invierten en contenidos no obligatorios como sociología, psicología y otros. Implicaciones: En cuanto al número de horas de formación básica, según la matriz curricular propuesta por el Consejo Federal de Contabilidad, cuatro de las cinco IES analizadas invierten entre un 13% y 48%. Este hecho lleva a suponer que este conocimiento facilita una mejor comprensión en otras materias y proporciona una base sólida para la formación del alumno. Originalidad/Valor: Hay cuatro de las cinco IES analizadas que invierten entre un 13% y un 48% por encima de la matriz curricular ajustada por la CFC en el grupo de formación básica, lo que facilita una mejor comprensión en otras materias y proporciona una base sólida para la formación del alumno. Limitaciones/Implicaciones: La investigación no abordó el contenido detallado cubierto por las Instituciones y las metodologías de enseñanza, porque no estaba disponible por las Instituciones. Implicaciones prácticas: Este hecho demuestra la necesidad de revisar los contenidos de las instituciones en Brasil, para contribuir a la formación crítica de los profesionales

Evidence for trans-generational medication in nature

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1485–1493Parasites pose a serious threat to host fitness, and natural selection should favour host traits that reduce infection or disease symptoms. Here, we provide the first evidence of trans-generational medication, in which animals actively use medicine to mitigate disease in their offspring. We studied monarch butterflies and their virulent protozoan parasites, and found that neither caterpillars nor adult butterflies could cure themselves of disease. Instead, adult butterflies preferentially laid their eggs on toxic plants that reduced parasite growth and disease in their offspring caterpillars. It has often been suggested that sick animals may use medication to cure themselves of disease, but evidence for the use of medication in nature has so far been scarce. Our results provide evidence that infected animals may indeed use medicine as a defence against parasites, and that such medication may target an individual’s offspring rather than the individual itself.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79381/1/j.1461-0248.2010.01537.x.pd

Reporting guideline for interventional trials of primary and incisional ventral hernia repair

BACKGROUND: Primary and incisional ventral hernia trials collect unstandardized inconsistent data, limiting data interpretation and comparison. This study aimed to create two minimum data sets for primary and incisional ventral hernia interventional trials to standardize data collection and improve trial comparison. To support these data sets, standardized patient-reported outcome measures and trial methodology criteria were created. METHODS: To construct these data sets, nominal group technique methodology was employed, involving 15 internationally recognized abdominal wall surgeons and two patient representatives. Initially a maximum data set was created from previous systematic and panellist reviews. Thereafter, three stages of voting took place: stage 1, selection of the number of variables for data set inclusion; stage 2, selection of variables to be included; and stage 3, selection of variable definitions and detection methods. A steering committee interpreted and analysed the data. RESULTS: The maximum data set contained 245 variables. The three stages of voting commenced in October 2019 and had been completed by July 2020. The final primary ventral hernia data set included 32 variables, the incisional ventral hernia data set included 40 variables, the patient-reported outcome measures tool contained 25 questions, and 40 methodological criteria were chosen. The best known variable definitions were selected for accurate variable description. CT was selected as the optimal preoperative descriptor of hernia morphology. Standardized follow-up at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years was selected. CONCLUSION: These minimum data sets, patient-reported outcome measures, and methodological criteria have allowed creation of a manual for investigators aiming to undertake primary ventral hernia or incisional ventral hernia interventional trials. Adopting these data sets will improve trial methods and comparisons