Influencia de la epistemología de Humberto Maturana en la psicoterapia breve, la cognición 4E y la salud mental

The contributions of the famous biologist Humberto Maturana to different disciplines, from philosophy, linguistics, cognitive sciences, sociology, psychology, among others, have allowed the development ofscience in general. Mental health, cognition and psychotherapy have not been immune to this influence. This article seeks to analyze HumbertoMaturana’s epistemology referring to objectivity in parentheses, autopoiesis, cognition and cognitive biology in the development of psychotherapy and mental health for wich a theoretical-qualitative analysis is carried out. The ontology of the observer, objectivity in parentheses and cognitive biology leave their mark on a new form of therapeutic relationship and conceptualization of the symptom. It is finally concluded that Humberto Maturana’s epistemology has had a notable influence on the development of a new conceptualization of the therapeutic relationship, cognition, mental health and psychotherapy.Los aportes del célebre biólogo Humberto Maturana a distintas disciplinas, desde la filosofía, la lingüística, las ciencias cognitivas, la sociología, la psicología, entre otras, han permitido el desarrollo de la ciencia en general. La salud mental, la cognición y la psicoterapia no han sido ajenas a esta influencia. El presente artículo busca analizar la epistemología de Humberto Maturana referida a la objetividad entre paréntesis, la autopoiesis, la cognición y la biología cognitiva en el desarrollo de la psicoterapia y la salud mental, para lo cual se realiza un análisis teórico-cualitativo. La ontología del observador, la objetividad entre paréntesis y la biología cognitiva imprimen su sello en una nueva forma de relación terapéutica y conceptualización del síntoma. Se concluye, finalmente, que la epistemología de Humberto Maturana ha marcado una notable influencia en el desarrollo de una nueva conceptualización de la relación terapéutica, la cognición, la salud mental y la psicoterapia.

Epistemology, history and foundations of Brief Strategic Therapy. Giorgio Nardone´s Model

Giorgio Nardone’s evolved model of brief strategic therapy is a psychotherapy that is currently considered to demonstrate high efficacy and efficiency for a variety of emotional disorders. This article presents the history and epistemological foundations of brief strategic therapy, based on systems thinking, cybernetics, general systems theory, and constructivism. The evolution and historical development are analyzed, from the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto to the creation of the Strategic Therapy Center in Arezzo Italy. The theoretical foundations of brief strategic therapy focused on the present and solutions are presented, starting from the premise that attempts at solution actually maintain the problem and proposing that based on strategic logic the solution always adapts to the problem and its object of study

Ultrasonography as an ancillary method for the positioning of markers in equine motion analysis

Kinematic motion analysis is based on the reconstruction of selected bony anatomical landmarks identified by surface markers. Anatomical landmarks generally do not correspond to points but rather to relatively large and curved areas and their identification by palpation is not easy. Precise placement of surface markers is even more difficult and there is great variability between operators. In this study 16 examiners were asked to identify the lateral border of the left ischial tuberosity in a horse using palpation and ultrasonography for placement of a corresponding skin surface marker. Images of each marking procedure were captured using two video cameras and processed using the DVideow videogrammetry. A custom-written Matlab code was used to determine the position of the respective vectors. The positions of the markers were then compared to assess inter-examiner variability and the precision of the methods employed using the Bartletttest and the paired t-test respectively. Ultrasonography significantly improved the location of the anatomical landmark by each examiner (p = 0.04) and reduced the variability in the position of the surface marker when compared to palpation (p = 0.0028). The variability of the calculated distances (mean ± SD) was 2.89 ± 2.24 cm and 1.63 ± 0.98 cm using palpation and ultrasonography respectively. Ultrasound guidance reduced inter-examiner variability and allowed visualization of the corresponding bony anatomical landmark

Utilização da ultrassonografia como método auxiliar no posicionamento de marcadores em análise de movimento de equinos

A análise cinemática do movimento é baseada na reconstrução de pontos anatômicos específicos identificados por marcadores de superfície. Esses pontos de referência geralmente não correspondem a pontos, mas a áreas relativamente grandes e curvas de difícil identificação pela palpação. A colocação precisa dos marcadores de superfície é ainda mais difícil e há grande variabilidade entre examinadores. Neste estudo 16 examinadores foram submetidos à identificação da borda lateral da tuberosidade isquiática esquerda de um cavalo usando a palpação e a ultrassonografia para colocar um marcador de superfície. Imagens de cada procedimento de marcação foram adquiridas utilizando duas câmeras de vídeo digital e processadas utilizando o sistema de videogrametria DVideow.  O software Matlab foi usado para determinar a posição dos respectivos vetores. As posições dos marcadores foram comparadas para avaliar a variabilidade entre os examinadores e a precisão do método empregado através do teste de Bartlett e teste t pareado respectivamente. A ultrassonografia melhorou significativamente a localização dos pontos anatômicos de cada examinador (p = 0,04) e reduziu a variabilidade no posicionamento dos marcadores de superfície quando comparada a palpação (p = 0,0028). A variabilidade das distâncias calculadas (média ± dp) foi de 2,89 ± 2,24 cm e 1,63 ± 0,98 cm usando a palpação e a ultrassonografia respectivamente. A ultrassonografia reduziu a variabilidade entre examinadores e permitiu a visualização do ponto anatômico correspondente.Kinematic motion analysis is based on the reconstruction of selected bony anatomical landmarks identified by surface markers. Anatomical landmarks generally do not correspond to points but rather to relatively large and curved areas and their identification by palpation is not easy. Precise placement of surface markers is even more difficult and there is great variability between operators. In this study 16 examiners were asked to identify the lateral border of the left ischial tuberosity in a horse using palpation and ultrasonography for placement of a corresponding skin surface marker. Images of each marking procedure were captured using two video cameras and processed using the DVideow videogrammetry. A custom-written Matlab code was used to determine the position of the respective vectors. The positions of the markers were then compared to assess inter-examiner variability and the precision of the methods employed using the Bartletttest and the paired t-test respectively. Ultrasonography significantly improved the location of the anatomical landmark by each examiner (p = 0.04) and reduced the variability in the position of the surface marker when compared to palpation (p = 0.0028). The variability of the calculated distances (mean ± SD) was 2.89 ± 2.24 cm and 1.63 ± 0.98 cm using palpation and ultrasonography respectively. Ultrasound guidance reduced inter-examiner variability and allowed visualization of the corresponding bony anatomical landmark

Produção de variedades de Cucurbita pepo premunizadas com estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus - type W e do Zucchini yellow mosaic virus

Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are the most prevalent viruses in cucurbit crops in Brazil and responsible for frequent yield losses. Diseases caused by these viruses are difficult to control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of mild strains PRSV-W-1 and ZYMV-M on the yield of Cucurbita pepo L. cvs. Samira, Novita Plus, AF 2847, and Yasmin, under plastic greenhouse and field conditions. Plants infected with ZYMV-M and grown in a plastic greenhouse did not exhibit typical leaf symptoms or significant alterations in quantitative and qualitative fruit yield. However, when infected with PRSV-W-1, or PRSV-W-1 + ZYMV-M, the plants exhibited severe leaf mosaic symptoms and reduced fruit quality, although there were no changes in the number and mean fruit weight harvested from these plants. When these plants were infected with PRSV-W-1 and studied simultaneously in the field and plastic greenhouse, intensification of symptoms in the fruits and leaves was more pronounced under the greenhouse conditions. Quantitative yield did not change. Environmental factors seem to influence symptoms induced by PRSV-W-1.O Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) e o Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) são os vírus predominantes em culturas de cucurbitáceas no Brasil, onde geralmente causam danos significativos na produção. As doenças causadas por ambos os vírus são de difícil controle. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das estirpes fracas PRSV-W-1 e ZYMV-M na produção de abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo L. cvs. Samira, Novita Plus, AF 2847, and Yasmin) em condições de estufa plástica e de campo. Plantas infectadas com a estirpe ZYMV-M sob condições de estufa plástica não exibiram sintomas foliares típicos da doença e alterações na quantidade e qualidade dos frutos produzidos. No entanto, quando infectadas com a estirpe PRSV-W-1, ou PRSV-W-1 + ZYMV-M, as plantas mostraram sintomas severos de mosaico foliar e redução na qualidade dos frutos. Não houve alteração no número e no peso médio dos frutos colhidos dessas plantas. Quando as plantas dessas variedades foram infectadas com a estirpe PRSV-W-1 e avaliadas simultaneamente em campo e em estufa plástica, constatou-se que a intensificação de sintomas foi mais pronunciada sob condições de estufa plástica. A produção quantitativa não foi alterada. Fatores ambientais parecem ter influenciado a intensificação dos sintomas induzidos pela estirpe PRSV-W-1.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Produção de variedades de Cucurbita pepo premunizadas com estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus - type W e do Zucchini yellow mosaic virus

O Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) e o Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) são os vírus predominantes em culturas de cucurbitáceas no Brasil, onde geralmente causam danos significativos na produção. As doenças causadas por ambos os vírus são de difícil controle. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das estirpes fracas PRSV-W-1 e ZYMV-M na produção de abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo L. cvs. Samira, Novita Plus, AF 2847, and Yasmin) em condições de estufa plástica e de campo. Plantas infectadas com a estirpe ZYMV-M sob condições de estufa plástica não exibiram sintomas foliares típicos da doença e alterações na quantidade e qualidade dos frutos produzidos. No entanto, quando infectadas com a estirpe PRSV-W-1, ou PRSV-W-1 + ZYMV-M, as plantas mostraram sintomas severos de mosaico foliar e redução na qualidade dos frutos. Não houve alteração no número e no peso médio dos frutos colhidos dessas plantas. Quando as plantas dessas variedades foram infectadas com a estirpe PRSV-W-1 e avaliadas simultaneamente em campo e em estufa plástica, constatou-se que a intensificação de sintomas foi mais pronunciada sob condições de estufa plástica. A produção quantitativa não foi alterada. Fatores ambientais parecem ter influenciado a intensificação dos sintomas induzidos pela estirpe PRSV-W-1.Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are the most prevalent viruses in cucurbit crops in Brazil and responsible for frequent yield losses. Diseases caused by these viruses are difficult to control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of mild strains PRSV-W-1 and ZYMV-M on the yield of Cucurbita pepo L. cvs. Samira, Novita Plus, AF 2847, and Yasmin, under plastic greenhouse and field conditions. Plants infected with ZYMV-M and grown in a plastic greenhouse did not exhibit typical leaf symptoms or significant alterations in quantitative and qualitative fruit yield. However, when infected with PRSV-W-1, or PRSV-W-1 + ZYMV-M, the plants exhibited severe leaf mosaic symptoms and reduced fruit quality, although there were no changes in the number and mean fruit weight harvested from these plants. When these plants were infected with PRSV-W-1 and studied simultaneously in the field and plastic greenhouse, intensification of symptoms in the fruits and leaves was more pronounced under the greenhouse conditions. Quantitative yield did not change. Environmental factors seem to influence symptoms induced by PRSV-W-1

Restrições externas, tecnologia e emprego: uma análise do caso brasileiro

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Comparison of bacteriocins production from Enterococcus faecium strains in cheese whey and optimised commercial MRS medium

The production of bacteriocins from cheap substrates could be useful for many food industrial applications. This study aimed at determining the conditions needed for optimal production of enterocins SD1, SD2, SD3 and SD4 secreted by Enterococcus faecium strains SD1, SD2, SD3 and SD4, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first use of cheese whey—a low-cost milk by-product—as a substrate for bacteriocin production by E. faecium; skimmed milk and MRS broths were used as reference media. This cheese manufacturing residue proved to be a promising substrate for the production of bacteriocins. However, the levels of secreted antimicrobial compounds were lower than those achieved by E. faecium strains in MRS broth. Bacteriocin production was affected strongly by physical and chemical factors such as growth temperature, time of incubation, pH, and the chemical composition of the culture medium. The optimal temperature and time of incubation supporting the highest bacteriocin production was determined for each strain. Different types, sources and amounts of organic nitrogen, sugar, and inorganic salts played an essential role in bacteriocin secretion. E. faecium strains SD1 and SD2—producing high bacteriocin levels both in cheese whey and skimmed milk—could be of great interest for potential applications in cheese-making

Modeling Biological Pathway Dynamics With Timed Automata

Living cells are constantly subjected to a plethora of environmental stimuli that require integration into an appropriate cellular response. This integration takes place through signal transduction events that form tightly interconnected networks. The understanding of these networks requires to capture their dynamics through computational support and models. ANIMO (Analysis of Networks with Interactive MOdelling) is a tool that enables construction and exploration of executable models of biological networks, helping to derive hypotheses and to plan wet-lab experiments. The tool is based on the formalism of Timed Automata, which can be analysed via the UPPAAL model checker. Thanks to Timed Automata, we can provide a formal semantics for the domain-specific language used to represent signalling networks. This enforces precision and uniformity in the definition of signalling pathways, contributing to the integration of isolated signalling events into complex network models. We propose an approach to discretization of reaction kinetics that allows us to efficiently use UPPAAL as the computational engine to explore the dynamic behaviour of the network of interest. A user-friendly interface hides the use of Timed Automata from the user, while keeping the expressive power intact. Abstraction to single-parameter kinetics speeds up construction of models that remain faithful enough to provide meaningful insight. The resulting dynamic behaviour of the network components is displayed graphically, allowing for an intuitive and interactive modelling experience

Hysteroscopic Endometrial Ablation: From Indications to Instrumentation and Techniques—A Call to Action

The development of minimally invasive techniques has led to the creation of innovative alternatives in cases where traditional methods are not applicable. In modern gynecology, hysteroscopy has become the gold standard for the evaluation and treatment of intrauterine pathology. Endometrial ablation (EA) is a procedure that uses different types of energy to destroy the endometrium and is currently used as an alternative technique in cases of heavy menstrual bleeding when medical treatment has failed and uterine preservation is desired. The aim of this review was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of hysteroscopic EA as an alternative in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. A detailed computerized search of the literature was performed in the main electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library), from 1994 to June 2022, to evaluate the outcomes in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) undergoing EA using hysteroscopic and non-hysteroscopic techniques. Only scientific publications in English were included. Twelve articles on the current use of endometrial ablation were included. Data on patient symptoms, tools used for EA, primary outcomes, and adverse events were recorded. EA should be considered an effective and safe approach in the management of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding caused by benign pathology, in whom medical treatment has failed or is contraindicated. Due to the lack of evidence, it would be interesting to determine whether EA would also have a role in the treatment of women with premalignant lesions, avoiding invasive surgical procedures or medical treatment in those patients for whom hysterectomy or the use of hormonal treatment is contraindicated