A Hard Pill to Swallow- Does Schering v. Geneva Endanger Research and Development within the Pharmaceutical Industry?

Recently the Federal Circuit has adopted a sweeping new rule of inherent anticipation that essentially bars the patenting of metabolites and other in vivo biological degradations of chemical compounds. The new rule, adopted in SCHERING v. GENEVA, could substantially affect both the willingness and ability of pharmaceutical companies to develop new drugs if they cannot be assured that patent protection will be available, regardless of whether the patented compound existed undiscovered in a prior art reference. This paper explores the evolution of the doctrine of inherent anticipation, the manner in which Federal Circuit has chosen to address the issue in relation to pharmaceuticals, and suggests potential ways that the pharmaceutical companies\u27 need to receive a return on their research and development can be balanced against the public\u27s need for generic alternatives of pharmaceuticals to become quickly available

Penile ulceration caused by a foreign body reaction in a crew member on board a cruise ship

A crew member had a foreign body implanted subcutaneously on his dorsum penis stealthily 6 years earlier by a fellow crew member without any medical training. He presented to the ship’s medical centre after a week of pain, erythema and oedema over the foreign body, which was eventually removed by the patient, leaving behind a penile ulceration. He was treated conservatively initially with intravenous and then with oral antibiotics until complete secondary wound closure was achieved

Medevac from a cruise ship of a patient with spontaneous coronary artery dissection who presented with epigastralgia

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome that has been associated with peripartum and postpartum periods. It results from the separation of the layers of the arterial wall of the coronary artery with the subsequent formation of a false lumen. We report a case of a 54-year-old female who presented to the cruise ship’s medical facility complaining of epigastralgia and dizziness. Work up including an electrocardiography and cardiac profile was ordered. Results yielded a diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Treatment following American Heart Association recommendations including nitrates, clopidogrel and enoxaparin was given. After debarkation at sea and referral to a reference hospital, the patient was diagnosed with SCAD. Patient’s outcome was favorable and she was discharged home a few days after, despite being managed as a NSTEMI

“Entre o amor e o ódio” : narrativas de avaliação das aprendizagens em Portugal e no Brasil

Tendo como aporte teórico-metodológico referenciais de formação de professores de natureza reflexiva crítica, delineamos um estudo com professoras brasileiras e portuguesas em grupo colaborativo de formação online através da escrita de narrativas de formação, que assumiram um formato de registro de memória e do cotidiano docente. O presente texto apresenta uma discussão de experiências de avaliação vividas enquanto alunas, tendo como fonte dados de socialização das narrativas num fórum online. A análise destas narrativas procura evidenciar as fontes de conhecimento relevantes para a construção da identidade profissional, mas também o modo como o conhecimento avaliativo é moldado por factores sociopolíticos e históricos que marcam os modos de ensinar e de ser professor no Brasil e em Portugal.Building on a critical and reflexive theoretical and methodological framework for teacher education, a study with Brazilian and Portuguese teachers in a collaborative online group was carried out. They were required to write professional development narratives that would take a format of registers from memory and from their daily teaching work. The current text presents a discussion of their evaluation and assessment lived experiences, while students, taking as sources for data analysis the narratives produced and shared in an online forum. The analysis of these narratives aims at evidencing the sources of professional knowledge that are relevant for the construction of their professional identity. It also aims at describing the way that the construction of knowledge on evaluation and assessment is shaped by sociopolitical and historical factors that have an impact on the way of teaching and being a teacher in Brazil and Portugal

Use of solid urban waste at the Technological Institute of Toluca

Solid Urban Waste (SUW) and Special Handling (EHW) generated in the Institution are handled in 200-liter plastic containers with the appropriate identification according to the type of waste and the race, placed in the buildings of each of the races; the waste is separated by the students following the criterion of the 4 Rs (Reduce, reduce, reuse and recycle). Reusable waste is used for students to make different products in the reuse workshop of the Institutional Environmental Program (IEP) such as paper pads, acetate pencil holders, pens, paper holder and paper board, among others for use by the Institution's population. With the organic waste (OR) compost is prepared in the composting center, which is used to fertilize the green areas. The recyclable waste is sold obtaining an economic benefit that allows the operation of the activities carried out by the (IEP). The (EHW) are concentrated in the “green point” to be sent to the “recyclers”. The alkaline batteries, the Institution collects them temporarily, giving the service to the population of the Toluca valley to be sent to confinement by the municipality of Toluca. The use of Solid Urban Waste allows to form a sustainable environmental culture in the population of the Institution, such as savings in the consumption of paper, financing in the operation of the (IEP) and supporting the economy of the students.Keyword: Solid waste, paper, composting, reuse, recyclabl

Environmental management begins in the family

The Institito Tecnológico de Toluca, is a higher level educational institution, which belongs to the National Technological System of Mexico, which has 9 degrees, in the engineering area, citing: Industrial (IE), Chemical (CI), Logistics (LE), Electromechanical (EE), bussines management’s (BME), Electronics (EE), Mechatronics (MI), Computational Systems (CSI) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTE,) and 3 postgraduate degrees: Master of Engineering Sciences (MES), Master of Sciences in Environmental Engineering (MSEE) and Doctorate in Environmental Sciences (DES), with a population of 5,408 students. Being a proudly public institution and classified as the best, by its employers at the state level, within which there is a Coordination called Institutional Environmental Program (IEP), which manages various strategies for the care, protection, remediation of the environment. But, in Mexico, since March 2019, educational institutions have been closed due to the context of the pandemic caused by covid-19. Academic activity being carried out, since then to date, via virtual. Faced with such a complicated, difficult and uncertain scenario. An environmental management model was developed, so that students from their homes develop prevention programs, protection and care of the ecosystem, developing sustainable strategies. Starting from the premise: If there is a polluting society it is because there are families that pollute, the family is the mirror of what happens in society. Within this program, an amalgam of strategies was considered, starting with motivation, awareness, reflection, knowledge and self-management to detonate a new environmental culture, starting from their homes and extending it to their families and neighbors. To carry out a multiplier effect, in geometric progression, having an excellent response from the students of the Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca (ITT). Among the various strategies within an application scenario, the following are cited: Responsible-reflective consumption, no generation of unnecessary waste (organic food waste reduction), no use of Unicel (expanded polystyrene), use of single-use containers (elimination of PET), no oil disposal used from the kitchen (application of a collection program), induction to the modification of nutritional intake by substituting beef for chicken, fish and vegetables, separation and classification of garbage, application of the use of compost for the organic food remains, water saving and leak elimination program, collection of cigarette butts thrown in public roads and gardens. Turning off lights in homes when they are not necessary (energy saving), only use of a motor vehicle in very necessary cases (mitigation of the effects of climate change). With these actions that began in this year 2021, we consider that we are working towards the reduction of negative environmental impacts, detonating a new culture and environmental awareness, among higher-level students (undergraduate), having a participation and involvement of 1,700 families and a number that continues to grow. Additionally, we are contributing to the 2030 Agenda, of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), especially regarding the objectives: 4.- Quality education, 11.- Sustainable cities and communities and 13.- Actions for the climate.Keyword: family, environmental culture, awareness, virtual scene, pollutant

Los modelos de uso del suelo en la zona pericentral mendocina

Fil: Gray de Cerdán, Nelly. Universidad Nacional de CuyoFil: Schilan de Becette, Rosa. Universidad Nacional de CuyoFil: Razquin, Oscar Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Cuy

Josep Pascual i Prats (1854-1931 ) y el " Index Medicus Hispanus " (1904-1906 ): una contribución española en los inicios de la documentación científica

El Index Medicus Hispanus (1904-1906) es, probablemente, el primer repertorio español de bibliografía médica de actualidad. Su publicación se debió al médico catalán Josep Pascual i Prats (1854-1931), que se atuvo a las normas internacionales más exigentes de ese momento para su confección. Debido a la falta de respuesta de la sociedad médica, Pascual i Prats suspendió la publicación del Index en 1906. Trece años después, en colaboración con Gregono Marañón y Augusto Pi i Suñer, quiso revitalizar este repertorio, pero fracasó en su intento por la misma razón por la que se vió obligado a interrumpir la edición del Index en 1906

Sustainability dimensions: A source to enhance corporate reputation

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to enhance our understanding of the relationship between sustainability and corporate image and reputation according to the legitimacy theory framework since the current academic literature does not have an understanding of how sustainability and corporate image and reputation interact. Authors conducted a survey to test the hypotheses. The study was tested using data collected from a sample of 382 Spanish consumers. The proposed hypotheses were analyzed through a structural equation model showing that sustainability plays a vital role as antecedent of both corporate image and reputation. Findings suggest that the economic, social and environmental domains of sustainability present a direct and positive relationship with both corporate image and reputation