23 research outputs found
Data management instruments to protect the personal information of children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa
Recent data protection regulatory frameworks, such as the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI Act) in South Africa and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, impose governance requirements for research involving high-risk and vulnerable groups such as children and adolescents. Our paper's objective is to unpack what constitutes adequate safeguards to protect the personal information of vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents. We suggest strategies to adhere meaningfully to the principal aims of data protection regulations. Navigating this within established research projects raises questions about how to interpret regulatory frameworks to build on existing mechanisms already used by researchers. Therefore, we will explore a series of best practices in safeguarding the personal information of children, adolescents and young people (0-24 years old), who represent more than half of sub-Saharan Africa's population. We discuss the actions taken by the research group to ensure regulations such as GDPR and POPIA effectively build on existing data protection mechanisms for research projects at all stages, focusing on promoting regulatory alignment throughout the data lifecycle. Our goal is to stimulate a broader conversation on improving the protection of sensitive personal information of children, adolescents and young people in sub-Saharan Africa. We join this discussion as a research group generating evidence influencing social and health policy and programming for young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Our contribution draws on our work adhering to multiple transnational governance frameworks imposed by national legislation, such as data protection regulations, funders, and academic institutions
Occupational exposure to pesticides and central nervous system tumors: results from the CERENAT case-control study
BACKGROUND: The etiology of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors remains largely unknown. The role of pesticide exposure has been suggested by several epidemiological studies, but with no definitive conclusion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between occupational pesticide exposure and primary CNS tumors in adults in the CERENAT study. METHODS: CERENAT is a multicenter case-control study conducted in France in 2004-2006. Data about occupational pesticide uses-in and outside agriculture-were collected during detailed face-to-face interviews and reviewed by experts for consistency and exposure assignment. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 596 cases (273 gliomas, 218 meningiomas, 105 others) and 1Â 192 age- and sex-matched controls selected in the general population were analyzed. Direct and indirect exposures to pesticides in agriculture were respectively assigned to 125 (7.0%) and 629 (35.2%) individuals and exposure outside agriculture to 146 (8.2%) individuals. For overall agricultural exposure, we observed no increase in risk for all brain tumors (OR 1.04, 0.69-1.57) and a slight increase for gliomas (OR 1.37, 0.79-2.39). Risks for gliomas were higher when considering agricultural exposure for more than 10Â years (OR 2.22, 0.94-5.24) and significantly trebled in open field agriculture (OR 3.58, 1.20-10.70). Increases in risk were also observed in non-agricultural exposures, especially in green space workers who were directly exposed (OR 1.89, 0.82-4.39), and these were statistically significant for those exposed for over 10Â years (OR 2.84, 1.15-6.99). DISCUSSION: These data support some previous findings regarding the potential role of occupational exposures to pesticides in CNS tumors, both inside and outside agriculture
A hybrid digital parenting programme to prevent abuse of adolescents in Tanzania: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial
Background:Â Evidence-based parenting programmes have strong evidence in preventing and mitigating violence, but in-person programmes are challenging to deliver at scale. ParentApp is an open-source, offline-first app-based adaptation of the Parenting for Lifelong Health for Parents and Teens programme to promote playful and positive parenting, reduce risks for sexual violence victimisation, and prevent violence against adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ParentApp compared to an attention-control group.
Methods:Â This study is a two-arm pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial to test whether ParentApp reduces adolescent physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual violence risks and victimisation at 1Â month and 12Â months post-intervention. Caregivers of adolescents aged 10â17Â years and their adolescent children (Nâ=â2400 caregiver-adolescent dyads) will be recruited in urban and peri-urban communities in the Mwanza region of Tanzania. A total of 80 study clusters will be stratified and randomised (1:1) to the intervention group, who will receive ParentApp with support through a WhatsApp group, or to an attention-control group, who will receive a water, sanitation, and hygiene app. Quantitative data will be collected through outcomes questionnaires with caregivers and adolescents, administered at baseline, 4Â months post-baseline, and 16Â months post-baseline, as well as through routine implementation data and ParentApp engagement data. Qualitative data will be collected through individual interviews and focus groups with caregivers, adolescents, and implementing partner staff.
Discussion:Â App-based interventions have the potential to expand access to evidence-based parenting support, but currently lack rigorous evidence in low- and middle-income countries. This is the first known randomised control trial of a hybrid digital parenting programme to prevent the abuse of adolescents in low- and middle-income settings.
Trial registration:Â The trial was registered on the Open Science Framework on 14 March 2023, registration:Â OSF.IO/T9FXZ
Exposition aux pesticides et santé chez les travailleurs des espaces verts en France
Over the last decade, the greenspace sector has considerably developed and employs today over 100,000 people in France: landscapers, gardeners, civil servants, public facility operators, golf-course employees and other sports facilities, horticulturists, plant and tree nursery workers, etc. Numerous occupational risks and hazards have been highlighted in this population. However, knowledge of their health status is scarce in France and on a worldwide scale. During their lifetime at work, these workers are very often exposed to pesticides. The health impacts of these substances have mainly been studied among farmers. However, pesticide use in the greenspace sector has some specificities in terms of applied substances, equipment, application scenario, frequency and type of contact with treated plants and regulation. This thesis aims at studying past and present pesticide exposures and health effects amongst greenspace workers. To meet this objective, the work will build on a multidisciplinary approach (epidemiology, expology, toxicology and ergonomy) and is articulated around three lines: i) To identify the types of pesticides used in greenspaces; ii) to describe the health condition of this population and the incidence of cancers in order to understand their aetiology and iii) to characterise the occupational exposure (dermal and respiratory) to pesticides in real work conditions. The results presented in this thesis highlight the necessity to carry out studies on this sector thus improving knowledge of past and present exposure. This in turn will enhance the strength of epidemiological studies and allow preventive measures to be tailored specifically to this work force.Au cours des dix derniĂšres annĂ©es, le secteur des espaces verts a connu une trĂšs forte Ă©volution et emploie aujourdâhui prĂšs de 100 000 personnes en France : paysagistes, jardiniers des propriĂ©tĂ©s privĂ©es, des parcs publics, des pelouses des terrains de sport et parcours de golf, travailleurs de lâentretien routier et ferroviaire, horticulteurs, pĂ©piniĂ©ristes, etc. Les donnĂ©es concernant la santĂ© de ces travailleurs sont trĂšs limitĂ©es, bien quâils soient exposĂ©s Ă de nombreux risques professionnels physiques, biologiques et chimiques, notamment les pesticides. Le rĂŽle de ces substances sur la santĂ© a principalement Ă©tĂ© explorĂ© dans les populations agricoles au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Les usages de pesticides dans ce secteur ont des spĂ©cificitĂ©s en termes de substances utilisĂ©es, de matĂ©riel utilisĂ©, de contextes dâusage, frĂ©quence des contacts avec des vĂ©gĂ©taux lors de tĂąches diverses et de rĂ©glementation. Les objectifs de la thĂšse Ă©taient donc dâĂ©tudier les expositions aux pesticides, passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes, chez les travailleurs des espaces verts et dâanalyser des effets de santĂ©. Pour y rĂ©pondre, ce travail sâappuie sur une dĂ©marche pluridisciplinaire associant Ă©pidĂ©miologie, expologie, toxicologie et ergonomie et sâarticule autour de trois axes : i) dĂ©velopper des outils pour retracer lâhistorique des utilisations de pesticides dans le secteur des espaces verts ; ii) dĂ©crire lâĂ©tat de santĂ© de cette population, la survenue de certains cancers et comprendre leur Ă©tiologie â Ă partir des donnĂ©es de la cohorte AGRICAN et iii) dĂ©terminer les niveaux dâexposition cutanĂ©e et respiratoire aux pesticides en conditions rĂ©elles de travail afin dâen identifier les dĂ©terminants. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse soulignent lâimportance de mener des Ă©tudes spĂ©cifiquement dĂ©diĂ©es Ă ces travailleurs et dâamĂ©liorer les connaissances sur leurs expositions passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes afin dâaugmenter la robustesse des Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et proposer des mesures de prĂ©vention adaptĂ©es Ă ce secteur
Exposition aux pesticides et santé chez les travailleurs des espaces verts en France
Over the last decade, the greenspace sector has considerably developed and employs today over 100,000 people in France: landscapers, gardeners, civil servants, public facility operators, golf-course employees and other sports facilities, horticulturists, plant and tree nursery workers, etc. Numerous occupational risks and hazards have been highlighted in this population. However, knowledge of their health status is scarce in France and on a worldwide scale. During their lifetime at work, these workers are very often exposed to pesticides. The health impacts of these substances have mainly been studied among farmers. However, pesticide use in the greenspace sector has some specificities in terms of applied substances, equipment, application scenario, frequency and type of contact with treated plants and regulation. This thesis aims at studying past and present pesticide exposures and health effects amongst greenspace workers. To meet this objective, the work will build on a multidisciplinary approach (epidemiology, expology, toxicology and ergonomy) and is articulated around three lines: i) To identify the types of pesticides used in greenspaces; ii) to describe the health condition of this population and the incidence of cancers in order to understand their aetiology and iii) to characterise the occupational exposure (dermal and respiratory) to pesticides in real work conditions. The results presented in this thesis highlight the necessity to carry out studies on this sector thus improving knowledge of past and present exposure. This in turn will enhance the strength of epidemiological studies and allow preventive measures to be tailored specifically to this work force.Au cours des dix derniĂšres annĂ©es, le secteur des espaces verts a connu une trĂšs forte Ă©volution et emploie aujourdâhui prĂšs de 100 000 personnes en France : paysagistes, jardiniers des propriĂ©tĂ©s privĂ©es, des parcs publics, des pelouses des terrains de sport et parcours de golf, travailleurs de lâentretien routier et ferroviaire, horticulteurs, pĂ©piniĂ©ristes, etc. Les donnĂ©es concernant la santĂ© de ces travailleurs sont trĂšs limitĂ©es, bien quâils soient exposĂ©s Ă de nombreux risques professionnels physiques, biologiques et chimiques, notamment les pesticides. Le rĂŽle de ces substances sur la santĂ© a principalement Ă©tĂ© explorĂ© dans les populations agricoles au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Les usages de pesticides dans ce secteur ont des spĂ©cificitĂ©s en termes de substances utilisĂ©es, de matĂ©riel utilisĂ©, de contextes dâusage, frĂ©quence des contacts avec des vĂ©gĂ©taux lors de tĂąches diverses et de rĂ©glementation. Les objectifs de la thĂšse Ă©taient donc dâĂ©tudier les expositions aux pesticides, passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes, chez les travailleurs des espaces verts et dâanalyser des effets de santĂ©. Pour y rĂ©pondre, ce travail sâappuie sur une dĂ©marche pluridisciplinaire associant Ă©pidĂ©miologie, expologie, toxicologie et ergonomie et sâarticule autour de trois axes : i) dĂ©velopper des outils pour retracer lâhistorique des utilisations de pesticides dans le secteur des espaces verts ; ii) dĂ©crire lâĂ©tat de santĂ© de cette population, la survenue de certains cancers et comprendre leur Ă©tiologie â Ă partir des donnĂ©es de la cohorte AGRICAN et iii) dĂ©terminer les niveaux dâexposition cutanĂ©e et respiratoire aux pesticides en conditions rĂ©elles de travail afin dâen identifier les dĂ©terminants. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse soulignent lâimportance de mener des Ă©tudes spĂ©cifiquement dĂ©diĂ©es Ă ces travailleurs et dâamĂ©liorer les connaissances sur leurs expositions passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes afin dâaugmenter la robustesse des Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et proposer des mesures de prĂ©vention adaptĂ©es Ă ce secteur
Occupational exposure to pesticides and health outcomes among greenspace workers in France
Au cours des dix derniĂšres annĂ©es, le secteur des espaces verts a connu une trĂšs forte Ă©volution et emploie aujourdâhui prĂšs de 100 000 personnes en France : paysagistes, jardiniers des propriĂ©tĂ©s privĂ©es, des parcs publics, des pelouses des terrains de sport et parcours de golf, travailleurs de lâentretien routier et ferroviaire, horticulteurs, pĂ©piniĂ©ristes, etc. Les donnĂ©es concernant la santĂ© de ces travailleurs sont trĂšs limitĂ©es, bien quâils soient exposĂ©s Ă de nombreux risques professionnels physiques, biologiques et chimiques, notamment les pesticides. Le rĂŽle de ces substances sur la santĂ© a principalement Ă©tĂ© explorĂ© dans les populations agricoles au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Les usages de pesticides dans ce secteur ont des spĂ©cificitĂ©s en termes de substances utilisĂ©es, de matĂ©riel utilisĂ©, de contextes dâusage, frĂ©quence des contacts avec des vĂ©gĂ©taux lors de tĂąches diverses et de rĂ©glementation. Les objectifs de la thĂšse Ă©taient donc dâĂ©tudier les expositions aux pesticides, passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes, chez les travailleurs des espaces verts et dâanalyser des effets de santĂ©. Pour y rĂ©pondre, ce travail sâappuie sur une dĂ©marche pluridisciplinaire associant Ă©pidĂ©miologie, expologie, toxicologie et ergonomie et sâarticule autour de trois axes : i) dĂ©velopper des outils pour retracer lâhistorique des utilisations de pesticides dans le secteur des espaces verts ; ii) dĂ©crire lâĂ©tat de santĂ© de cette population, la survenue de certains cancers et comprendre leur Ă©tiologie â Ă partir des donnĂ©es de la cohorte AGRICAN et iii) dĂ©terminer les niveaux dâexposition cutanĂ©e et respiratoire aux pesticides en conditions rĂ©elles de travail afin dâen identifier les dĂ©terminants. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse soulignent lâimportance de mener des Ă©tudes spĂ©cifiquement dĂ©diĂ©es Ă ces travailleurs et dâamĂ©liorer les connaissances sur leurs expositions passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes afin dâaugmenter la robustesse des Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et proposer des mesures de prĂ©vention adaptĂ©es Ă ce secteur.Over the last decade, the greenspace sector has considerably developed and employs today over 100,000 people in France: landscapers, gardeners, civil servants, public facility operators, golf-course employees and other sports facilities, horticulturists, plant and tree nursery workers, etc. Numerous occupational risks and hazards have been highlighted in this population. However, knowledge of their health status is scarce in France and on a worldwide scale. During their lifetime at work, these workers are very often exposed to pesticides. The health impacts of these substances have mainly been studied among farmers. However, pesticide use in the greenspace sector has some specificities in terms of applied substances, equipment, application scenario, frequency and type of contact with treated plants and regulation. This thesis aims at studying past and present pesticide exposures and health effects amongst greenspace workers. To meet this objective, the work will build on a multidisciplinary approach (epidemiology, expology, toxicology and ergonomy) and is articulated around three lines: i) To identify the types of pesticides used in greenspaces; ii) to describe the health condition of this population and the incidence of cancers in order to understand their aetiology and iii) to characterise the occupational exposure (dermal and respiratory) to pesticides in real work conditions. The results presented in this thesis highlight the necessity to carry out studies on this sector thus improving knowledge of past and present exposure. This in turn will enhance the strength of epidemiological studies and allow preventive measures to be tailored specifically to this work force
Occupational exposure to pesticides and health outcomes among greenspace workers in France
Au cours des dix derniĂšres annĂ©es, le secteur des espaces verts a connu une trĂšs forte Ă©volution et emploie aujourdâhui prĂšs de 100 000 personnes en France : paysagistes, jardiniers des propriĂ©tĂ©s privĂ©es, des parcs publics, des pelouses des terrains de sport et parcours de golf, travailleurs de lâentretien routier et ferroviaire, horticulteurs, pĂ©piniĂ©ristes, etc. Les donnĂ©es concernant la santĂ© de ces travailleurs sont trĂšs limitĂ©es, bien quâils soient exposĂ©s Ă de nombreux risques professionnels physiques, biologiques et chimiques, notamment les pesticides. Le rĂŽle de ces substances sur la santĂ© a principalement Ă©tĂ© explorĂ© dans les populations agricoles au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Les usages de pesticides dans ce secteur ont des spĂ©cificitĂ©s en termes de substances utilisĂ©es, de matĂ©riel utilisĂ©, de contextes dâusage, frĂ©quence des contacts avec des vĂ©gĂ©taux lors de tĂąches diverses et de rĂ©glementation. Les objectifs de la thĂšse Ă©taient donc dâĂ©tudier les expositions aux pesticides, passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes, chez les travailleurs des espaces verts et dâanalyser des effets de santĂ©. Pour y rĂ©pondre, ce travail sâappuie sur une dĂ©marche pluridisciplinaire associant Ă©pidĂ©miologie, expologie, toxicologie et ergonomie et sâarticule autour de trois axes : i) dĂ©velopper des outils pour retracer lâhistorique des utilisations de pesticides dans le secteur des espaces verts ; ii) dĂ©crire lâĂ©tat de santĂ© de cette population, la survenue de certains cancers et comprendre leur Ă©tiologie â Ă partir des donnĂ©es de la cohorte AGRICAN et iii) dĂ©terminer les niveaux dâexposition cutanĂ©e et respiratoire aux pesticides en conditions rĂ©elles de travail afin dâen identifier les dĂ©terminants. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans cette thĂšse soulignent lâimportance de mener des Ă©tudes spĂ©cifiquement dĂ©diĂ©es Ă ces travailleurs et dâamĂ©liorer les connaissances sur leurs expositions passĂ©es et prĂ©sentes afin dâaugmenter la robustesse des Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et proposer des mesures de prĂ©vention adaptĂ©es Ă ce secteur.Over the last decade, the greenspace sector has considerably developed and employs today over 100,000 people in France: landscapers, gardeners, civil servants, public facility operators, golf-course employees and other sports facilities, horticulturists, plant and tree nursery workers, etc. Numerous occupational risks and hazards have been highlighted in this population. However, knowledge of their health status is scarce in France and on a worldwide scale. During their lifetime at work, these workers are very often exposed to pesticides. The health impacts of these substances have mainly been studied among farmers. However, pesticide use in the greenspace sector has some specificities in terms of applied substances, equipment, application scenario, frequency and type of contact with treated plants and regulation. This thesis aims at studying past and present pesticide exposures and health effects amongst greenspace workers. To meet this objective, the work will build on a multidisciplinary approach (epidemiology, expology, toxicology and ergonomy) and is articulated around three lines: i) To identify the types of pesticides used in greenspaces; ii) to describe the health condition of this population and the incidence of cancers in order to understand their aetiology and iii) to characterise the occupational exposure (dermal and respiratory) to pesticides in real work conditions. The results presented in this thesis highlight the necessity to carry out studies on this sector thus improving knowledge of past and present exposure. This in turn will enhance the strength of epidemiological studies and allow preventive measures to be tailored specifically to this work force
Communication aux urgences : BabelDr ou interprétariat communautaire ? Comparaison lors d'anamnÚses
Pour les personnes allophones, l'accĂšs aux soins s'avĂšre souvent compliquĂ©. Ainsi, diffĂ©rentes solutions sont mises en place pour permettre une communication entre mĂ©decins et patients. Dans la premiĂšre partie de ce travail, ces diffĂ©rentes solutions sont abordĂ©es avec leurs avantages et inconvĂ©nients. Dans la seconde partie du travail, l'expĂ©rience qui a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e pour comparer deux de ces solutions, BabelDr et l'interprĂ©tariat communautaire par tĂ©lĂ©phone, est prĂ©sentĂ©e et ses rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s. Cette expĂ©rience avait pour but de rĂ©pondre Ă plusieurs questions sur les mĂ©diums Ă©tudiĂ©s : permettent-ils la mĂȘme satisfaction ? Quels en sont les avantages et les inconvĂ©nients ? Et, sont-ils utilisĂ©s dans les mĂȘmes situations ? Les rĂ©sultats montrent que l'interprĂ©tariat communautaire par tĂ©lĂ©phone offre une meilleure satisfaction. En outre, les deux mĂ©diums disposent tous deux de nombreux avantages et peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s de maniĂšre complĂ©mentaire. En conclusion, il est suggĂ©rĂ© de mener des Ă©tudes Ă plus large Ă©chelle pour obtenir de plus amples rĂ©sultats et amĂ©liorer BabelDr.</p
Communicating in Emergency Settings: BabelDr or Telephone Interpreting?
In this paper, we present a study comparing two mediums that can be used to communicate with allophone patients: a speech-enabled phraselator (BabelDr) and telephone interpreting. To identify the satisfaction provided by these mediums and their pros and cons, we conducted a crossover experiment where doctors and standardized patients completed anamneses and filled in surveys. Our findings suggest that telephone interpreting offers better overall satisfaction, but both mediums presented advantages. Consequently, we argue BabelDr and telephone interpreting can be complementary