186 research outputs found
Mycosis fungoides and SĂ©zary syndrome: 2019 update on diagnosis, riskâstratification, and management
Disease OverviewCutaneous Tâcell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogenous group of Tâcell neoplasms involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis fungoides (MF) or SĂ©zary syndrome (SS).DiagnosisThe diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data.RiskâAdapted TherapyTNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a âriskâadapted,â multiâdisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, skinâdirected therapies are preferred, as both diseaseâspecific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advancedâstage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with systemic therapies. These include biologicâresponse modifiers, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, or antibodyâbased strategies, in an escalating fashion. In highlyâselected patients, allogeneic stemâcell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151292/1/ajh25577_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151292/2/ajh25577.pd
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An evolutionary approach to international political economy: the case of corporate tax avoidance
Corporate tax avoidance is both widespread and diverse in its practical mechanics. The scope of the phenomenon often leads economists to conclude that in the jungle of economic competition, tax planning (or optimisation) is among the necessary tools to ensure the survival of the fittest. This theory is increasingly associated with a Darwinian theory of economic evolution. In this paper, I develop a contrasting framework of the evolutionary political economy of corporate tax avoidance. Analysing core concepts of Old Institutionalist Economics (OIE), I examine the core drivers of corporate tax avoidance in a globalised system of states. The major contrast, I find, is between that of the corporate and legal personality and the institutional environment in which it operates. Historically, each corporate entity has been considered a separate legal person, yet a series of âmutationsâ of incorporations laws created a widening gap between theory and reality, and these, in turn, give rise to tax arbitrage. Narrowing this gap, however, impinges on another venerable historical institution, the institution of sovereignty and sovereign inequality
No rapid audiovisual recalibration in adults on the autism spectrum
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by difficulties in social cognition, but are also associated with atypicalities in sensory and perceptual processing. Several groups have reported that autistic individuals show reduced integration of socially relevant audiovisual signals, which may contribute to the higher-order social and cognitive difficulties observed in autism. Here we use a newly devised technique to study instantaneous adaptation to audiovisual asynchrony in autism. Autistic and typical participants were presented with sequences of brief visual and auditory stimuli, varying in asynchrony over a wide range, from 512âms auditory-lead to 512âms auditory-lag, and judged whether they seemed to be synchronous. Typical adults showed strong adaptation effects, with trials proceeded by an auditory-lead needing more auditory-lead to seem simultaneous, and vice versa. However, autistic observers showed little or no adaptation, although their simultaneity curves were as narrow as the typical adults. This result supports recent Bayesian models that predict reduced adaptation effects in autism. As rapid audiovisual recalibration may be fundamental for the optimisation of speech comprehension, recalibration problems could render language processing more difficult in autistic individuals, hindering social communication
The UK national breast cancer screening programme for survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma detects breast cancer at an early stage
BACKGROUND: Supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy (SRT) to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) at a young age increases the risk of breast cancer (BC). A national notification risk assessment and screening programme (NRASP) for women who were treated with SRT before the age of 36 years was instituted in the United Kingdom in 2003. In this study, we report the implementation and screening results from the largest English Cancer Network. METHODS: A total of 417 eligible women were identified through cancer registry/hospital databases and from follow-up (FU) clinics. Screening results were collated retrospectively, and registry searches were used to capture BC cases. RESULTS: Of the 417 women invited for clinical review, 243 (58%) attended. Of these 417 women, 23 (5.5%) have been diagnosed with BC, a standardised incidence ratio of 2.9 compared with the age-matched general population. Of five invasive BCs diagnosed within the NRASP, none involved axillary lymph nodes compared with 7 of 13 (54%) diagnosed outside the programme (P<0.10). The mean latency for BC cases was 19.5±8.35 years and the mean FU duration for those unaffected by BC was 14.6±9.11 years (P<0.01), suggesting that those unaffected by BC remain at high risk. Recall and negative biopsy rates were acceptable (10.5 and 0.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The NRASP appears to detect BC at an early stage with acceptable biopsy rates, although numbers are small. Determination of NRASP results on a national basis is required for the accurate evaluation of screening efficacy in women previously treated with SRT
Building International Business Theory: A Grounded Theory Approach
The field of international business (IB) is in need of more theory development (Morck & Yeung, 2007). As such, the main focus of our manuscript was to provide guidance on how to build IB specific theory using grounded theory (GT). Moreover, we contribute to future theory development by identifying areas within IB where GT can be applied and the type of research issues that can be addressed using this methodology. Finally, we make a noteworthy contribution by discussing some of GTâs caveats and limitations, particularly those relevant to IB. This effort is intended to spur further interest in the development of IB theory
Mortes evitĂĄveis em vĂtimas com traumatismos
OBJETIVO: Descrever mĂ©todos e estimativas de mortalidade proporcional por mortes evitĂĄveis e tipos de nĂŁo conformidades do atendimento relacionadas a esses eventos. MĂTODOS: RevisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica de publicaçÔes sobre mortes evitĂĄveis em vĂtimas com traumatismos entre 2000 e 2009. Foi realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e Medline utilizando-se a estratĂ©gia de busca com as palavras-chave "trauma", "avoidable", "preventable", "interventions" e "complications", e os descritores em ciĂȘncias da saĂșde "death", "cause of death" e "hospitals". RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se 29 artigos publicados no perĂodo, com predomĂnio de estudos retrospectivos (96,5%). Os mĂ©todos mais comumente utilizados para definir a evitabilidade do Ăłbito foram painel de especialistas ou pontuação de Ăndices de gravidade, tendo sido empregadas as seguintes categorias: evitĂĄvel, potencialmente evitĂĄvel e nĂŁo evitĂĄvel. A mĂ©dia da mortalidade proporcional por mortes evitĂĄveis dos estudos foi de 10,7% (dp 11,5%). As nĂŁo conformidades mais comumente relatadas nas publicaçÔes foram sistema inadequado de atendimento ao traumatizado e erro na avaliação e tratamento. CONCLUSĂES: Observaram-se falhas na uniformização dos termos empregados para categorizar as mortes e as nĂŁo conformidadades encontradas. Portanto, sugere-se a padronização da taxonomia da classificação das mortes e dos tipos de nĂŁo conformidades observadas
Understanding Communication of Sustainability Reporting: Application of Symbolic Convergence Theory (SCT)
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of rhetoric and rhetorical strategies that are implicit in the standalone sustainability reporting of the top 24 companies of the Fortune 500 Global. We adopt Bormannâs (Q J Speech 58(4):396â407, 1972) SCT framework to study the rhetorical situation and how corporate sustainability reporting (CSR) messages can be communicated to the audience (public). The SCT concepts in the sustainability reportingâs communication are subject to different types of legitimacy strategies that are used by corporations as a validity and legitimacy claim in the reports. A content analysis has been conducted and structural coding schemes have been developed based on the literature. The schemes are applied to the SCT model which recognizes the symbolic convergent processes of fantasy among communicators in a Society. The study reveals that most of the sample companies communicate fantasy type and rhetorical vision in their corporate sustainability reporting. However, the disclosure or messages are different across locations and other taxonomies of the SCT framework. This study contributes to the current CSR literature about how symbolic or fantasy understandings can be interpreted by the users. It also discusses the persuasion styles that are adopted by the companies for communication purposes. This study is the theoretical extension of the SCT. Researchers may be interested in further investigating other online communication paths, such as human rights reports and directorâs reports
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