Synthesis, physicochemical, conformation and quantum calculation of novel N-(1-(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanamine Schiff base

N-(1-(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanamine Schiff base ligand was prepared in very good yield by condensation of equimolar amounts of 1-(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethanone with 2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanamine under reflux condition using alcohol media. The desired Schiff base was analyzed on the basis of its MS, elemental analysis, UV-visible, FT-IR and NMR analysis. The E and Z optimization was performed to figure out the most stable isomer. Several DFT quantum calculation like: TD-SCF, MPE, IR-vibration, NMR, Mulliken population were carried out by B3LYP level of theory. The experimental analyses of the compound were compared to their theoretical coordinates

Comparative analysis of co-processed starches prepared by three different methods

Co-processing is currently of interest in the generation of high-functionality excipients for tablet formulation. In the present study, comparative analysis of the powder and tableting properties of three co-processed starches prepared by three different methods was carried out. The co-processed excipients consisting of maize starch (90%), acacia gum (7.5%) and colloidal silicon dioxide (2.5%) were prepared by co-dispersion (SAS-CD), co-fusion (SAS-CF) and co-granulation (SAS-CG). Powder properties of each co-processed excipient were characterized by measuring particle size, flow indices, particle density, dilution potential and lubricant sensitivity ratio. Heckel and Walker models were used to evaluate the compaction behaviour of the three co-processed starches. Tablets were produced with paracetamol as the model drug by direct compression on an eccentric Tablet Press fitted with 12 mm flat-faced punches and compressed at 216 MPa. The tablets were stored at room temperature for 24 h prior to evaluation. The results revealed that co-granulated co-processed excipient (SAS-CG) gave relatively better properties in terms of flow, compressibility, dilution potential, deformation, disintegration, crushing strength and friability. This study has shown that the method of co-processing influences the powder and tableting properties of the co-processed excipient

Comparative analysis of co-processed starches prepared by three different methods

Co-processing is currently of interest in the generation of high-functionality excipients for tablet formulation. In the present study, comparative analysis of the powder and tableting properties of three co-processed starches prepared by three different methods was carried out. The co-processed excipients consisting of maize starch (90%), acacia gum (7.5%) and colloidal silicon dioxide (2.5%) were prepared by co-dispersion (SAS-CD), co-fusion (SAS-CF) and co-granulation (SAS-CG). Powder properties of each co-processed excipient were characterized by measuring particle size, flow indices, particle density, dilution potential and lubricant sensitivity ratio. Heckel and Walker models were used to evaluate the compaction behaviour of the three co-processed starches. Tablets were produced with paracetamol as the model drug by direct compression on an eccentric Tablet Press fitted with 12 mm flat-faced punches and compressed at 216 MPa. The tablets were stored at room temperature for 24 h prior to evaluation. The results revealed that co-granulated co-processed excipient (SAS-CG) gave relatively better properties in terms of flow, compressibility, dilution potential, deformation, disintegration, crushing strength and friability. This study has shown that the method of co-processing influences the powder and tableting properties of the co-processed excipient

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Synthesis, structural exploration, spectral and combinatorial analysis of racemic-3-isobutyl-5-phenyl-5-(pyridin-4-yl)imida-zolidine-2,4-dione: Comparison between experimental and DFT calculations

New racemic 3-isobutyl-5-phenyl-5-(pyridin-4-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione was synthesized, isolated, characterized spectrally, thermally and finally the structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. Both XRD and DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) optimized structures of the compound revealed the diketo monomer as favored tautomer isomer structure. The molecular geometry optimization parameters were compared with the experimental XRD results. The electronic spectrum which allocated basis of the TD-SCF result and the MO energy level diagram were compared with the experimental one. The electrophilic and nucleophilic receptors and acceptor functional groups with their interactions on the molecule surface was established by packing diagrams and then compared with Hirshfeld surface, electrostatic potential map and Mullikan population theoretical calculations. The experimental 1H NMR results, compared to the theoretical ACD-lab and NMR-db showed an excellent agreement. The desired organic compound revealed a high thermal stability in an open atmosphere

Current situation and future directions of lung cancer risk factor awareness in Palestine: a cross-sectional study

Objectives To evaluate lung cancer (LC) risk factor awareness among Palestinians and identify factors associated with good awareness.Design Cross-sectional study.Settings Participants were recruited using convenience sampling from hospitals, primary healthcare centres (PHCs) and public spaces located at 11 governorates in Palestine.Participants Of 5174 approached, 4817 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate=93.1%). A total of 4762 questionnaires were included: 2742 from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ) and 2020 from the Gaza Strip. Exclusion criteria were working or studying in a health-related field, having a nationality other than Palestinian and visiting oncology departments or clinics at the time of data collection.Tool A modified version of the validated LC Awareness Measure was used for data collection.Primary and secondary outcomes The primary outcome was LC risk factor awareness level as determined by the number of factors recognised: poor (0–3), fair (4–7) and good (8–10). Secondary outcomes include the recognition of each LC risk factor.Results Smoking-related risk factors were more often recognised than other LC risk factors. The most recognised risk factors were ‘smoking cigarettes’ (n=4466, 93.8%) and ‘smoking shisha (waterpipes)’ (n=4337, 91.1%). The least recognised risk factors were ‘having a close relative with LC’ (n=2084, 43.8%) and ‘having had treatment for any cancer in the past’ (n=2368, 49.7%).A total of 2381 participants (50.0%) displayed good awareness of LC risk factors. Participants from the WBJ and the Gaza Strip had similar likelihood to display good awareness (50.6% vs 49.1%). Being≥45 years, having higher education and monthly income, knowing someone with cancer and visiting hospitals and PHCs seemed to have a positive impact on displaying good awareness.Conclusion Half of study participants displayed good awareness of LC risk factors. Educational interventions are warranted to further improve public awareness of LC risk factors, especially those unrelated to smoking