Effects of comfort food on food intake, anxiety-like behavior and the stress response in rats

It has been suggested that access to high caloric food attenuates stress response. the present paper investigates whether access to commercial chow enriched with glucose and fat, here referred to as comfort food alters behavioral, metabolic, and hormonal parameters of rats submitted to three daily sessions of foot-shock stress. Food intake, anxiety-like behaviors, and serum levels of insulin, leptin, corticosterone. glucose and triglycerides were determined. the rats submitted to stress decreased the intake of commercial chow, but kept unaltered the intake of comfort food. During the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, stressed rats increased the number of head dipping, entries into the open arms, as well as the time spent there, and decreased the number of stretched-attend posture and risk assessment. These effects of stress were independent of the type of food consumed. Non-stressed rats ingesting comfort food decreased risk assessment as well. Stress and comfort food increased time spent in the center of the open field and delayed the first crossing to a new quadrant. Stress increased the plasma level of glucose and insulin, and reduced triglycerides, although consumption of comfort food increases glucose, triglyceride and leptin levels; no effect on leptin level was associated to stress. the stress induced increase in serum corticosterone was attenuated when rats had access to comfort food. It was concluded that foot-shock stress has an anorexigenic effect that is independent of leptin and prevented upon access to comfort food. Foot-shock stress also has an anxiolytic effect that is potentiated by the ingestion of comfort food and that is evidenced by both EPM and open field tests. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)UNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Anat Cell Biol Physiol & Biophys, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Biociencias, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Effects of electroacupuncture on stress and anxiety-related responses in rats

The aim of this work was to investigate if eletroacupuncture at PC6 would modulate the stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and the level of activation of several brain areas. Rats were distributed in groups: control; submitted to immobilization; submitted to immobilization and eletroacupuncture at PC6 or at the tail. Immobilization increased grooming and decreased stretched attend postures and the time spent in the open arms of the ele-vated plus-maze. Eletroacupuncture at PC6 or tail canceled the effect of immobilization on grooming and attenuated the stretched attend posture. Immobilization increased Fos-immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex, medial and central amygdala, paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2 and CA3 hippocampal areas. The activation of paraventricular, dorsomedial nuclei and prefrontal cortex by immobilization was canceled by electroacupuncture at PC6 and attenuated by electroacupuncture in the tail. The activation of the other areas was canceled by electroacupuncture in PC6 or the tail. It is concluded that immobilization induced anxiety-like behavior that was moderately attenuated by eletroacupuncture with difference between the stimulation in PC6 or the rat tail. Eletroacupuncture showed specificity concerning to the attenuation of the effects of immobilization in the CNS areas related to the stress response, anxiety and cardiovascular system.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Inst Saude & Soc, Campus Baixada Santista,Rua Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Inst Saude & Soc, Campus Baixada Santista,Rua Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Identification of secondary targets of N-containing bisphosphonates in mammalian cells via parallel competition analysis of the barcoded yeast deletion collection

Growth competition assays using barcoded yeast deletion-mutants reveal the molecular targets of nitrogen containing bisphosphonates used for the treatment of bone cancers and osteoporosis

Desenvolvimento farmacotécnico de formulações de fotoprotetores FPS 30 e avaliação da estabilidade preliminar / Pharmacotechnical development of SPF 30 photoprotector formulations and preliminary stability assessment

O câncer de pele é o mais frequente em todo mundo, sendo causado pela exposição à luz solar sem a devida proteção. Os fotoprotetores são formulações que tem como sua principal função absorver ou refletir os raios solares, diminuindo o dano causado à pele pela radiação ultravioleta. O estudo de estabilidade preliminar é realizado na etapa de desenvolvimento da formulação, com o objetivo de detectar e corrigir problemas de estabilidade que possam comprometer a qualidade do produto. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e realizar o estudo de estabilidade preliminar de formulações fotoprotetoras preparadas com diferentes bases (creme não iônico, gel não iônico e gel creme não iônico). Foi realizado o teste de centrifugação 24h após a manipulação das formulações e não foi observado separação de fases. No estudo de estabilidade preliminar foram realizados ciclos de 24 horas a 45 ± 2° C, e 24 horas a –5 ± 2° C durante 12 dias (6 ciclos). Os parâmetros avaliados após cada ciclo foram: características organolépticas (cor, odor e aspecto), determinação do pH, análise da densidade, viscosidade e determinação do fator de proteção solar. As três formulações testadas apresentaram bons resultados nos testes realizados, sendo comprovada sua viabilidade para a produção em farmácias magistrais

Predicting needlestick and sharps injuries in nursing students: Development of the SNNIP scale

© 2020 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Aim: To develop an instrument to investigate knowledge and predictive factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) in nursing students during clinical placements. Design: Instrument development and cross-sectional study for psychometric testing. Methods: A self-administered instrument including demographic data, injury epidemiology and predictive factors of NSIs was developed between October 2018–January 2019. Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. The instrument's factor structure and discriminant validity were explored using principal components analysis. The STROBE guidelines were followed. Results: Evidence of content validity was found (S-CVI 0.75; I-CVI 0.50–1.00). A three-factor structure was shown by exploratory factor analysis. Of the 238 participants, 39% had been injured at least once, of which 67.3% in the second year. Higher perceptions of “personal exposure” (4.06, SD 3.78) were reported by third-year students. Higher scores for “perceived benefits” of preventive behaviours (13.6, SD 1.46) were reported by second-year students

T-REX Operating Unit 3

OU3 is one of the six Operating Units of the Progetto Premiale T-REX. It is focused on the development of adaptive optics instrumentation for the European Extremely Large Telescope. The main activities of OU3 are the MAORY adaptive optics module, the MICADO infrared camera, the characterisation and forecast of atmospheric parameters for the E-ELT site and general developments for future adaptive optics systems. <P /

Impact of hipercaloric diet intake on behavior, endocrine and cardiac stress

No Capítulo I desta tese, avaliamos parâmetros comportamentais, endócrinos e metabólicos de ratos submetidos ao estresse crônico brando e imprevisível (ECBI), com acesso à ração comercial ou ração comercial e dieta hipercalórica (comfort food). O estresse não alterou a preferência por comfort food mas diminuiu a ingestão de ambas as dietas. No teste do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), os ratos submetidos ao ECBI diminuíram a porcentagem de tempo e de entradas nos braços abertos, com efeitos opostos nos braços fechados quando comparados com os ratos controles, ambas condições mais pronunciadas em ratos com acesso à comfort food. No teste do campo aberto, o ECBI diminuiu o tempo no centro, independente da dieta; nem o estresse ou a dieta afetaram o número de cruzamentos, levantamentos ou episódios de auto-limpezas. O aumento da corticosterona sérica induzido pelo estresse foi atenuado em ratos alimentados com comfort food. A concentração sérica de triacilglicerol não foi afetada pelo estresse ou dieta, no entanto o acesso à comfort food aumentou as concentrações séricas de colesterol total e glicose. Conclui-se que o ECBI tem um efeito anorexigênico e que o estresse crônico e a ingestão de comfort food induziram um perfil ansiogênico apesar da comfort food ter atenuado a resposta endócrina de estresse. Os presentes dados indicam que a combinação do estresse e o acesso à comfort food, ambos aspectos comuns da vida moderna, podem constituir uma ligação entre o estresse, comportamento alimentar e ansiedade. No capítulo II, avaliamos um modelo comportamental bioinformatizado (Home-cage Monitoring system, HCM) em camundongos C57BL/6J tratados cronicamente com corticosterona na água de beber. O tratamento com corticosterona aumentou a ingestão alimentar e líquida, diminuiu a atividade locomotora, aumentou a adiposidade, aumentou as concentrações plasmáticas de corticosterona, leptina, insulina e triacilglicerol, diminuiu a de grelina e não alterou a glicemia. Com relação a expressão de RNAm dos peptídeos hipotalâmicos, a corticosterona aumentou o peptídeo relacionado com a proteína Agouti (AgRP) e diminuiu o neuropeptídeo Y (NPY). Os outros neupeptídeos, hormônio liberador de corticotrofina (CRH), proopimelanocortina (POMC) e vasopresina (AVP) não foram alterados. A corticosterona produziu alterações substanciais nos padrões circadianos do comportamento. Nos comportamentos avaliados no HCM system, houve diminuição na probabilidade do estado ativo na fase escura e aumento no início da fase clara resultante da redução da duração do estado ativo na fase escura e aumento da taxa do estado ativo no início da fase clara. Essa redução da probabilidade do estado ativo durante a fase escura foi devido a diminuição da locomoção nesta fase. O aumento da probabilidade do estado ativo no início da fase clara foi devido ao aumento da duração e tamanho dos surtos de ingestão alimentar e líquida durante esta fase. A corticosterona diminuiu o tempo de exploração do novo objeto na caixa-moradia após 30 min de exposição. Os resultados mostraram diversas consequências comportamentais, endócrinas e metabólicas da exposição a elevadas concentrações de corticosterona avaliadas no HCM system. Além disso, revelou meios intrigantes e altamente específicos de como o tratamento com corticosterona altera os padrões comportamentais e sua regulação circadiana. No Capítulo III, investigamos a expressão gênica e protéica dos adrenoceptores beta (beta-ARs) em ventrículos esquerdos de ratos submetidos ao ECBI com acesso à dieta hiperlipídica. O ECBI e o acesso à comfort food não alteraram a expressão gênica dos beta1-AR, mas a expressão protéica apresentou-se diminuída nos ratos submetidos ao ECBI. Com relação à população dos beta2ARs, nem o estresse e a dieta alteraram a expressão gênica e protéica. Acreditamos que essa alteração na razão beta1/2-ARs seja resultado de mecanismo adaptativo do tecido cardíaco frente à situações de estresse, e que a ingestão de dieta hiperlídica apesar de reduzir as concentrações séricas de corticosterona induzida pelo estresse, não foi eficiente para alterar a expressão dos beta-ARs. No entanto, as consequências destas alterações sobre a função cardíaca devem ser investigadas.In Chapter I of this thesis, we evaluated behavioral, endocrine and metabolic parameters of rats submitted to chronic unpredictable and mild stress (CUMS), with access to commercial food or commercial food and hyperlipidic diet (comfort food). Stress did not change the preference for comfort food but decreased the food intake of both diets. In the elevated plus maze test (EPM), rats submitted to CUMS decreased the percentage of time and entries into the open arms, with opposite effects in the closed arms when compared with the control rats, both conditions were more pronounced in rats with access to comfort food. In the open field test, the CUMS decreased the time in the center, regardless of the diet; either stress or diet affected the number of crossings, rearings or episodes of grooming. The increase in serum corticosterone induced stress was attenuated in mice fed food comfort. The serum triglyceride was not affected by stress or diet, however access to comfort food increased serum concentration of total cholesterol and glucose. It concludes that the CUMS has a anorexigenic effect and that chronic stress and food intake of comfort food induced an anxiogenic profile despite the comfort food have atenuated the endocrine response to stress. The present data indicate that the combination of stress and access to comfort food, both common aspects of modern life, may be a link between stress, eating behavior and anxiety. In Chapter II, we evaluated a behavioral bioinformatic approach (Home­cage Monitoring System, HCM) in C57BL/6J mice chronically treated with corticosterone in their drinking water. Treatment with corticosterone increased food and liquid intake, decreased locomotor activity, increased adiposity, increased plasmatic concentrations of corticosterone, leptin, insulin and triacylglicerol, decreased ghrelin and did not alter blood glucose. With respect mRNA expression of hypothalamic peptides, corticosterone increased the Agouti related protein (AgRP) and decreased the neuropeptide Y (NPY). The other neupeptídeos, corticotrophin release hormone (CRH), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and vasopressin (AVP) have not changed. The corticosterone treatment produced substantial changes in circadian behavior patterns. Behaviors evaluated in HCM system, there was a decrease in the probability of active state in the dark phase and increase in the beginning of the light phase resulting in the reduction of duration of the active state. This probability reduction in the active state during the dark phase was due to decreased of locomotion in this phase. The increase of probability in the active state at the beginning of the light phase was due to increase of duration and size of food and liquid intake during this phase. The corticosterone decreased the time of exploration of the new object in the home cage after 30 min of exposure. The results showed several behavioral, endocrine and metabolic consequences of exposure to elevated corticosterone concentrations evaluated in HCM system. Moreover, it reveled intriguing and highly specific how the corticosterone treatment alters the circadian behavioral patterns and their regulation. In Chapter III, we investigated the gene and protein expression of beta­adrenoceptor (β­ARs) in left ventrycles of rats submitted to CUMS with access to hyperlipidic diet. The CUMS and the access to comfort food did not alter the gene expression of β1­AR, but the protein expression decreased in rats submitted to CUMS. Regarding the population of β2­ARs, neither stress or diet altered the gene and protein expression. We believe that the change in the ratio of β1 and β2­ARs is the result of adaptive mechanism of cardiac tissue due stressful situations, and that hyperlipidic diet intake while to reduce the serum corticosterone induced by stress, it was not efficient to change the expression of β­ARs. However, the consequences of these changes on the cardiac function should be investigated.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES