Kompetensi Guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan dalam Pelaksanaan Evaluasi Pembelajaran dan Implikasinya terhadap Ketercapaian Kompetensi Siswa (Studi di SMP Negeri 15 Surakarta)

The purpose of this study is to: (1). know teachers understanding and ability to perform as well as selecting an assessment tool Pancasila and Citizenship Education in the cognitive and affective aspects, (2). know any constraints experienced teachers in assessing student learning outcomes in subjects Pancasila and Citizenship Education on the cognitive and affective aspects, and (3). determine impact experienced by teachers in assessing learning outcomes in subjects Pancasila and Citizenship Education on the cognitive and affective aspects. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research strategy is a single strategy rooted. The data source is the informant, events or activities and documents. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were interviews, observation and document analysis. Researchers used a triangulation of data and methods. Data analysis techniques using an interactive model. Research procedure: preparation, data collection, data analysis, and preparation of research reports.Based on these results it can be concluded: (1). Pancasila and Citizenship Education learning outcomes assessment performed by Junior High School Civics teacher 15 Surakarta was appropriate but not maximized, because the matter has not been developed into various forms of matter. (2). Constraints faced Pancasila and Citizenship Education teachers in assessing student learning outcomes in the cognitive aspects in the implementation of daily tests can not be done entirely in accordance with the time schedule or because of the time that has been prepared absorbed in learning activities. Constraints faced Pancasila and Citizenship Education teachers in assessing student learning outcomes in the affective aspect is that the check list does not directly provide the value or score. (3). The positive impact of the use of tests in the cognitive assessment was not too difficult for the teacher arranged the matter. However, there is a negative impact, among others: (a) very limited test sample (b) are highly subjective (c) the test is usually less reliable. The use of non-test assessment tool to positively impact the affective aspect to know the talents and interests of learners. The negative impact of the use of the test is a check list of affective indirect giving a score or value because of its reliability is questionable

Identification of Lynch syndrome risk variants in the Romanian population.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadTwo familial forms of colorectal cancer (CRC), Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), are caused by rare mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) and the genes APC and MUTYH, respectively. No information is available on the presence of high-risk CRC mutations in the Romanian population. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 61 Romanian CRC cases with a family history of cancer and/or early onset of disease, focusing the analysis on candidate variants in the LS and FAP genes. The frequencies of all candidate variants were assessed in a cohort of 688 CRC cases and 4567 controls. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was performed on tumour tissue. We identified 11 candidate variants in 11 cases; six variants in MLH1, one in MSH6, one in PMS2, and three in APC. Combining information on the predicted impact of the variants on the proteins, IHC results and previous reports, we found three novel pathogenic variants (MLH1:p.Lys84ThrfsTer4, MLH1:p.Ala586CysfsTer7, PMS2:p.Arg211ThrfsTer38), and two novel variants that are unlikely to be pathogenic. Also, we confirmed three previously published pathogenic LS variants and suggest to reclassify a previously reported variant of uncertain significance to pathogenic (MLH1:c.1559-1G>C).European Union EE

Optimal contract with private information on cost expectation and variability

A multidimensional-and-sequential screening problem arises in a framework where the agent is privately informed about expected cost and cost variability and, subsequently, learns the realized cost as well. As the principal's marginal surplus function becomes less concave/more convex, the optimal mechanism reflects progressively stronger incentives to mimic less inefficient types, and to misrepresent the cost variability relative to the expected cost. When the principal's knowledge imperfection about the cost variability is sufficiently less important than that about the expected cost, quantities are pooled with respect to the former for a high-expected-cost agent. A low-expected-cost agent is not assigned the first-best output at least in some state of nature

From fixed to state-dependent duration in public-private contracts

A government delegates a build-operate-transfer project to a private firm. At the contracting stage, the operating cost is unknown. The firm can increase the likelihood of facing a low cost (the good state) by exerting effort when building the infrastructure. Once this is in place, the firm learns the true cost and begins to operate. Under limited commitment, either the firm or the government may renege on the contract. Within this context, we explore how well a contract with a state-dependent duration performs, as compared to the more standard fixed-term contract. Under full commitment, the efficient allocation is decentralized, whether the contractual term is fixed or state-dependent. Under limited commitment, in situations where break-up of the partnership is little costly for the government, the efficient allocation can be decentralized only if it is stipulated that the duration of the contract will be longer in the good state than in the bad state. This result is at odds with the prescription of the literature on "flexible- term" contracts, which recommends a longer contractual length when the operating conditions are unfavourable