Processos criativos: a importância do olhar

Pesquisas realizadas recentemente salientam o papel desempenhado pelas emoções no cerne dos processos cognitivos e, em particular, na criatividade, entendendo esta não como uma faculdade mas como um processo complexo e dinâmico, dependente de vários fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos ao sujeito. Paralelamente, a abordagem pedagógica no domínio das artes modificou-se consideravelmente desde os anos 80, desviando a atenção da produção para o processo de conhecimento e o seu conteúdo. Essa alteração levou a uma mudança de paradigma: em vez de se introduzir cegamente os alunos nos detalhes e métodos da produção artística, isolando estes do seu contexto social, procura-se agora despertar neles o olhar estético. Como em Duchamp, tenta-se alcançar uma viragem qualitiva, do objeto para o contexto.Abstract: In the past few years, scientific research has placed emotional states at the heart of general cognitive processes, with a special focus on creativity, which ceased to be understood as an inherent faculty in itself, and seen as a complex and dynamic process, depending on various factors, both internal and external to the self. In a similar manner, the way we teach art has considerably changed, especially since the 1980’s, when more attention started being paid to content and to the process of understanding, instead of the emphasis being placed on production. In essence, you could say there has been a change in paradigm. Instead of blindly immersing students in the details and methods of artistic production, in isolation from their social context, we now strive to awaken their aesthetic sense. Like Duchamp, we attempt a qualitative shift, from object to context.Résumé: Des recherches menées au cours des dernières années sont venues mettre en évidence le rôle joué par les émotions au centre des processus cognitifs, en particulier, la créativité. Celle-ci est passée graduellement du statut de faculté, à celui d’un processus complexe, qui dépend à la fois de facteurs internes et externes à l’individu lui-même. Parallèlement, l’abordage pédagogique dans le domaine des arts a considérablement changé depuis les années 1980, rehaussant l’importance du contenu et du travail de compréhension, s’écartant de l’emphase portée sur la production. On peut évoquer une transition de paradigme. Au lieu d’introduire aveuglement les étudiants dans les détails et méthodes de production artistique, en isolant ceux-ci de leur contexte social, on s’efforce d’éveiller chez eux l’oeil esthétique. Comme Duchamp, on essaye un saut qualitatif, de l’objet au contenu/contexte

Valor genético de genitores de batata para capacidade de hibridação.

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Community Health Workers: promoters of interaction between territories

This article presents reflections originating from a series of meetings with community health workers over a period of ten years. It identifies the consolidation of two existential territories, which are sometimes closer and at other times more distant from each other, namely the territory of technical knowledge about health and the territory of popular knowledge about health. Starting with the analysis of some quotes from health workers and reflections which tally with the theoretical reference in the area, this paper discusses some of the dilemmas and deadlocks of access and affiliation from the perspective of some of these health workers, as well as the strategies devised on a day-to-day basis from the crossovers that take place between these two territories. It identifies the function of community health workers as frontier agents, at times acting as inventors or motivators of contact zones between the territories, and at other times acting as a representative by one territory inside the other.O artigo apresenta reflexões produzidas a partir de uma série de encontros com Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, ao longo de dez anos. Identifica-se a consolidação de dois territórios existenciais, que ora se aproximam, ora se afastam: o do saber técnico em saúde e o do saber popular em saúde. A partir da análise de algumas falas de ACS e de reflexões que dialogam com o referencial teórico da área, o texto discute alguns dos dilemas e impasses do acesso e da adesão na ótica desses Agentes, bem como as estratégias cotidianamente inventadas a partir dos encontros que se dão entre esses dois territórios. Identifica-se o lugar do Agente Comunitário de Saúde como agenciador de fronteiras, atuando em alguns momentos como um inventor ou potencializador de zonas de contato entre territórios e, em outros, como um representante de um dos territórios no outro.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Saúde, Educação e SociedadeUNIFESP, Depto. de Saúde, Educação e SociedadeSciEL

The use of growth hormone to treat endocrine-metabolic disturbances in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Aids) patients

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids) was initially related to HIV-associated wasting syndrome, and its metabolic disturbances to altered body composition. After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) was started, malnutrition has declined and HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome has emerged as an important metabolic disorder. Aids is also characterized by hormonal disturbances, principally in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) axis. The use of recombinant human GH (hrGH) was formerly indicated to treat wasting syndrome, in order to increase lean body mass. Even though the use of hrGH in lipodystrophy syndrome has been considered, the decrease in insulin sensitivity is a limitation for its use, which has not been officially approved yet. Diversity in therapeutic regimen is another limitation to its use in Aids patients. The present study has reviewed the main HIV-related endocrine-metabolic disorders as well as the use of hrGH in such conditions.As primeiras descrições da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids) associavam-se à síndrome de emaciamento, e os distúrbios metabólicos às alterações na composição corporal. Após a introdução da terapia anti-retroviral altamente ativa (HAART), houve declínio na desnutrição, e surge a lipodistrofia como importante distúrbio metabólico. A Aids também se caracteriza por distúrbios hormonais, principalmente no eixo hormônio de crescimento/fator de crescimento insulina-like tipo 1 (GH/IGF-1). O uso do GH recombinante humano (hrGH) foi inicialmente indicado na síndrome de emaciamento, a fim de aumentar a massa muscular. Embora também não existam dúvidas quanto aos efeitos do hrGH na lipodistrofia, a diminuição na sensibilidade à insulina limita o seu uso, o qual ainda não está oficialmente aprovado. A diversidade nos esquemas de tratamento é outro limitante do uso dessa medicação em pacientes com Aids. Esta revisão apresenta os principais distúrbios endócrino-metabólicos associados à Aids e ao uso do hrGH nessas condições.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Pediatria Serviço de Endocrinologia PediátricaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de PediatriaUnicamp FCM Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de Pediatria Serviço de Endocrinologia PediátricaSciEL

Recomendação de cultivares de milho para a resistência a grãos ardidos.

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Equi-attraction and continuity of attractors for skew-product semiflows

In this paper we prove the equivalence between equi-attraction and continuity of attractors for skew-product semi-flows, and equi-attraction and continuity of uniform and cocycle attractors associated to non-autonomous dynamical systems. To this aim proper notions of equi-attraction have to be introduced in phase spaces where the driving systems depend on a parameter. Results on the upper and lower-semicontinuity of uniform and cocycle attractors are relatively new in the literature, as a deep understanding of the internal structure of these sets is needed, which is generically difficult to obtain. The notion of lifted invariance for uniform attractors allows us to compare the three types of attractors and introduce a common framework in which to study equi-attraction and continuity of attractors. We also include some results on the rate of attraction to the associated attractors.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadProyecto de Excelencia (Junta de Andalucía)International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (European Union

Metalloids in origin and evolution of life

Metalloids in origin and evolution of life. Metalloids have characteristics between metals and non-metals which give them, in some cases, specific properties. At least two of this chemical elements, boron and silicon, are essential to a significant number of living organisms and since some years ago it has been observed that the same metalloids may be involved in the synthesis and stabilization of some molecules relevant to the origin of life

Uniform polarization scattering with fiber-coil-based polarization controllers

A detailed study of fiber-coil-based polarization controllers (PCs) is performed. First, a method to deterministically calculate the PC configuration in order to transform between any two states of polarization is presented. In a second stage, the case in which the configuration angles are randomly changed is studied. The cases of a single PC and of the system obtained with the concatenation of several PCs are analyzed. For both cases, a general expression for the variance of the Stokes parameters is obtained. Using this expression, it is demonstrated that it is possible to achieve uniform polarization scattering using a concatenation of fiber-coil-based PCs. Finally, it is shown that fiber-coil-based PC's can be used to emulate both, first- and second-order polarization- mode dispersions