Non-emptiness of the alpha-core

We prove non-emptiness of the alpha-core for balanced games with non-ordered preferences, extending and generalizing in several aspects the results of Scarf (1971), Border (1984), Florenzano (1989), Yannelis (1991) and Kajii (1992). In particular we answer an open question in Kajii (1992) regarding the applicability of the non-emptiness results to models with infinite dimensional strategy spaces. We provide two models with Knightian and voting preferences for which the results of Scarf (1971) and Kajii (1992) cannot be applied while our non-emptiness result applies.

Neuronal activity regulates neurotransmitter switching in the adult brain following light-induced stress.

Neurotransmitter switching in the adult mammalian brain occurs following photoperiod-induced stress, but the mechanism of regulation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that elevated activity of dopaminergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PaVN) in the adult rat is required for the loss of dopamine expression after long-day photoperiod exposure. The transmitter switch occurs exclusively in PaVN dopaminergic neurons that coexpress vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), is accompanied by a loss of dopamine type 2 receptors (D2Rs) on corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons, and can lead to increased release of CRF. Suppressing activity of all PaVN glutamatergic neurons decreases the number of inhibitory PaVN dopaminergic neurons, indicating homeostatic regulation of transmitter expression in the PaVN

The effects of brief mindfulness practice on stress reduction and mental health

Lately, mindfulness has been gaining a lot of attention. Research have found that its practice can promote several health benefits and lead to a better quality of life. This research investigates the relationship between mindfulness and stress; specially, if a brief mindfulness meditation session is capable of reproducing the same stress reduction benefits as the 8-week long mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program. Based on a review of literature, an online study was conducted, and no significant difference was found between the experimental and the control group, indicating that the practice of a brief mindfulness session is not related to stress reduction

The potential role of variations in juvenile hip geometry on the development of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a biomechanical investigation

© 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCP) is one of the most poorly understood diseases in paediatric orthopaedics. One common trait of LCP is the marked morphological difference between healthy and pathological hips, early deviations of which (i.e. prior to disease onset) have been suggested to lead to the overload and collapse of the epiphysis. Here, the impact of common variations in geometry is investigated with a finite element model of a juvenile femur under single leg standing and landing. Here, the impact of typical variations in geometry is investigated with a finite element model of a juvenile femur under single leg standing and landing. The variations appear to have only a limited effect on the stress distribution in the femoral epiphysis even during high impact activities. This suggests that, for this individual at least, they would be unlikely to cause epiphyseal overload and collapse, even in the presence of a skeletally immature epiphysis

Biomass and nutrient cycling in pure and mixed stands of native tree species in southeastern Bahia, Brazil

The objective of this paper is to study selected components of the nutrient cycle of pure and mixed stands of native forest species of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Tree diameter, height, above-ground biomass, and nutrient content were determined in 22-year-old stands. Litterfall, litter decomposition, and nutrient concentration were evaluated from August 1994 to July 1995. The following species were studied: Peltogyne angustiflora, Centrolobium robustum, Arapatiella psilophylla, Sclerolobium chrysophyllum, Cordia trichotoma, Macrolobium latifolium. The litter of a natural forest and a 40-year-old naturally regenerated second-growth forest was sampled as well. The mixed-species outmatched pure stands in height, stem volume and total biomass (29.4 % more). The greatest amount of forest litter was observed in the natural forest (9.3 Mg ha-1), followed by the mixed-species stand (7.6 Mg ha-1) and secondary forest (7.3 Mg ha-1), and least litterfall was measured in the pure C. robustum stand (5.5 Mg ha-1). Litterfall seasonality varied among species in pure stands (CV from 44.7 to 91.4 %), unlike litterfall in the mixed-tree stand, where the variation was lower (CV 31.2 %). In the natural and second-growth forest, litterfall varied by 57.8 and 34.0 %, respectively. The annual rate of nutrient return via litterfall varied widely among forest ecosystems. Differences were detected between forest ecosystems in both the litter accumulation and quantity of litterlayer nutrients. The highest mean nutrient accumulation in above-ground biomass was observed in mixed-species stands. The total nutrient accumulation (N + P + K+ Ca + Mg) ranged from 0.97 to 1.93 kg tree-1 in pure stands, and from 1.21 to 2.63 kg tree-1 in mixed-species stands. Soil fertility under mixed-species stands (0–10 cm) was intermediate between the primary forest and pure-stand systems. The litterfall rate of native forest species in a mixed-species system is more constant, resulting in a more continuous decomposition rate. Consequently, both nutrient availability and quantity of organic matter in the soil are higher and the production system ecologically more sustainable.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alguns componentes da ciclagem de nutrientes em plantios puros e misto de espécies florestais nativas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em solos de tabuleiro do sudeste da Bahia, Brasil, no período de agosto de 1994 a julho de 1995, em plantios com 22 anos de idade de pau-roxo (Peltogyne angustiflora), putumuju (Centrolobium robustum), arapati (Arapatiella psilophylla), arapaçu (Sclerolobium chrysophyllum), claraíba (Cordia trichotoma) e óleo-comumbá (Macrolobium latifolium). Como referências, foram utilizadas uma floresta secundária, praticamente em estado clímax, e uma capoeira de 40 anos de idade. O sistema de plantio misto proporcionou maior crescimento das espécies florestais em altura e volume de tronco e aumento médio de 29,4 % de biomassa total. A maior produção de folhedo ocorreu na floresta natural (9,3 Mg ha-1), seguida do plantio misto (7,6 Mg ha-1) e da capoeira (7,3 Mg ha-1). A menor produção de folhedo no plantio puro foi do putumuju (5,5 Mg ha-1). A sazonalidade da produção de folhedo variou entre as espécies nos plantios puros (CV 44,7 a 91,4 %), ao passo que o plantio misto apresentou menor variabilidade (CV 31,2 %). A variação na floresta natural foi de 57,8 % e, na capoeira, de 34,0 %. A taxa de aporte anual de nutrientes via folhedo variou amplamente entre os ecossistemas florestais. Constataram-se, também, diferenças na acumulação e na quantidade de nutrientes da serapilheira entre os ecossistemas florestais. O plantio misto proporcionou, em média, os maiores acúmulos de nutrientes na biomassa da parte aérea. As espécies apresentaram amplitude na acumulação de nutrientes (N + P + K+ Ca + Mg) de 0,97 a 1,93 kg árvore-1 nos plantios puros e de 1,21 a 2,63 kg árvore-1 no plantio misto. A fertilidade do solo (0–10 cm) sob as espécies implantadas nos sistemas puro e misto diferiu marcadamente em relação à dos ecossistemas da capoeira e da floresta natural. O plantio de espécies florestais nativas em sistema misto resulta em taxa de produção de folhedo mais constante e, conseqüentemente, numa contínua decomposição deste. Assim, ele aumenta a disponibilidade de nutrientes e a quantidade de matéria orgânica no solo, o que pode ser caracterizado como um sistema de produção ecologicamente mais sustentável

Clinical characteristics and outcomes in adult cystic fibrosis patients with severe lung disease in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

Background: Advanced lung disease in adult cystic fibrosis (CF) drives most clinical care requirements. The aim was to evaluate outcome (time to death while in the study) in a cohort of adult CF patients with severe lung disease, and to determine the association among baseline patient characteristics and outcome. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed and clinical records between 2000 and 2015 were reviewed. Severe lung disease was defined as forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) < 30% of predicted. Outcomes of all patients, including their date of death or transplantation, were determined till January 1st, 2016. Clinical data were recorded at the entry date. Results: Among 39 subjects included in the study, 20 (51.3%) died, 16 (41.0%) underwent bilateral lung transplantation, and 3 were alive at the end of the study period. Two variables were independently associated with death: body mass index (BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 ) (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64–0.96 and p = 0.017) and use of tobramycin inhalation therapy (HR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.38–10.6 and p = 0.010). Median survival was 37 (95% CI = 16.4–57.6) months. The best cut-off point for BMI was 18.5 kg/m2 . Median survival in patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 was 36 months (95% CI = 18.7–53.3). Conclusion: Median survival of CF subjects with FEV1 < 30% was 37 months. BMI and tobramycin inhalation therapy were independently associated with death. Median survival in patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 was significantly lower than in patients with BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 . The association of tobramycin inhalation with death was interpreted as confounding by severity (use was reserved for advanced lung disease)