re:verso ”“ Rumo a uma poética do design gráfico no cotidiano digital

Este artigo apresenta as principais reflexões originárias e resultantes do projeto de pesquisa re:verso, desenvolvido como parte do mestrado em Design Gráfico na CalArts. O projeto é contextualizado como crítica ao cenário contemporâneo ”“ racional, simples, padronizado, universal ”“ do web design e como abertura de possibilidades de estéticas e operacionalidades alternativas. Inspirado no conceito de opacidade do texto poético, em oposição à transparência do texto racional, e explorando ideias como estranheza, complexidade e ambiguidade, o projeto foi organizado como uma série de experimentos em web design. Como resultado, re:verso conta com um total de 15 experimentos, categorizados em poemas-notícia e poemas-vernáculo, agrupados em uma página-síntese. Como investigação secundária de experimentação formal, os 15 poemas foram traduzidos do meio digital para o formato de cartaz impresso.Â

Risco/forma/letra : discursos gráficos sobre Brasília

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo apontar maneiras com que discursos gráficos podem propor leituras múltiplas e subjetivas sobre as cidades e, em particular, sobre a cidade de Brasília. A pesquisa se dá em duas facetas paralelas: por um lado, é uma investigação teórica, bibliográfica, documental e de análise de produção gráfica e, por outro, é uma investigação prática com a elaboração de uma série de cartografias subjetivas que exploram graficamente a relação pessoa-cidade. Primeiro, traça-se uma discussão teórica acerca de conteúdos relacionados aos termos gráfico, design e design gráfico – na sua vertente poética, especulativa e discursiva –, cartografia e cidade, com o objetivo de conceituar a ideia de discurso gráfico sobre esses espaços urbanos. Posteriormente, investiga-se a cidade de Brasília como estudo de caso, observando múltiplos discursos gráficos passados – retirados de alguns momentos da história da cidade como as primeiras ideias de interiorização da capital, o período da campanha presidencial de Juscelino Kubitschek, o plano de Lucio Costa e alguns dos demais projetos propostos para a cidade, dentre outros – e múltiplos discursos gráficos contemporâneos – com análise do trabalho visual dos grupos Aqui em BSB, Coletivo Transverso, Poro e Grande Circular. Em seguida, apresenta-se a faceta prática e experimental da pesquisa, na forma de uma série de seis cartografias subjetivas que têm a cidade de Brasília como tema e/ou suporte. Por fim, é feita uma discussão acerca dos assuntos explorados na pesquisa, tocando em pontos como as relações de autores e leitores das cidades, o cotidiano e a temporalidade dos espaços urbanos e os modos expositivo, documental, poético e especulativo que as cartografias e os discursos gráficos podem adotar.This dissertation aims to point out ways in which graphic discourses can offer multiple and subjective readings about cities and, in particular, about the city of Brasilia. The research takes place in two parallel facets: on the one hand, it is a theoretical investigation, with the analysis of bibliographical, documentary and graphic material, and, on the other, it is a practical investigation with the elaboration of a series of subjective cartographies that graphically explore the relationship city-person. First, a theoretical discussion is conducted, navigating topics related to the concepts of graphics, design and graphic design – in its poetic, speculative and discursive aspects –, cartography and city, with the objective of conceptualizing the idea of graphic discourse about these urban spaces. Later, the city of Brasilia is investigated as a case study, observing multiple graphic discourses from the past – taken from some moments of the city’s history such as the first ideas about the interiorization of the capital, the period of Juscelino Kubitschek’s presidential campaign, Lucio Costa’s plan and some other plans proposed for the city, among others – and multiple graphic discourses from the present – with an analysis of the visual work of the groups Aqui em BSB, Coletivo Transverso, Poro and Grande Circular. Then, the practical and experimental facet of the research is presented in the form of a series of six subjective cartographies that have the city of Brasilia as theme and/or canvas. Finally, a discussion about the subjects explored in the research is carried out, touching on points such as the relations of authors and readers of cities, everyday life, the temporality of urban spaces and the expository, documentary, poetic and speculative modes that cartographies and graphic discourses can adopt

Dark spinor models in gravitation and cosmology

We introduce and carefully define an entire class of field theories based on non-standard spinors. Their dominant interaction is via the gravitational field which makes them naturally dark; we refer to them as Dark Spinors. We provide a critical analysis of previous proposals for dark spinors noting that they violate Lorentz invariance. As a working assumption we restrict our analysis to non-standard spinors which preserve Lorentz invariance, whilst being non-local and explicitly construct such a theory. We construct the complete energy-momentum tensor and derive its components explicitly by assuming a specific projection operator. It is natural to next consider dark spinors in a cosmological setting. We find various interesting solutions where the spinor field leads to slow roll and fast roll de Sitter solutions. We also analyse models where the spinor is coupled conformally to gravity, and consider the perturbations and stability of the spinor.Comment: 43 pages. Several new sections and details added. JHEP in prin

Indicators for assessing the quality of refractive error care

Significance: Quality refractive error care is essential for reducing vision impairment. Quality indicators and standardized approaches for assessing the quality of refractive error care need to be established. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a set of indicators for assessing the quality of refractive error care and test their applicability in a real-world setting using unannounced standardized patients (USPs). Methods: Patient outcomes and three quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) indicators (1, optimally prescribed spectacles; 2, adequately prescribed spectacles; 3, vector dioptric distance) were developed using existing literature, refraction training standards, and consulting educators. Twenty-one USPs with various refractive errors were trained to visit optical stores across Vietnam to have a refraction, observe techniques, and order spectacles. Spectacles were assessed against each Q.REC indicator and tested for associations with vision and comfort. Results: Overall, 44.1% (184/417) of spectacles provided good vision and comfort. Of the spectacles that met Q.REC indicators 1 and 2, 62.5 and 54.9%, respectively, provided both good vision and comfort. Optimally prescribed spectacles (indicator 1) were significantly more likely to provide good vision and comfort independently compared with spectacles that did not meet any indicator (good vision: 94.6 vs. 85.0%, P =.01; comfortable: 66.1 vs. 36.3%, P <.01). Adequately prescribed spectacles (indicator 2) were more likely to provide good comfort compared with spectacles not meeting any indicator (57.7 vs. 36.3%, P <.01); however, vision outcomes were not significantly different (85.9 vs. 85.0%, P =.90). Good vision was associated with a lower mean vector dioptric distance (P <.01) but not with comfort (P =.52). Conclusions: The optimally prescribed spectacles indicator is a promising approach for assessing the quality of refractive error care without additional assessments of vision and comfort. Using USPs is a practical approach and could be used as a standardized method for evaluating the quality of refractive error care

The Hamiltonian Dynamics of Bounded Spacetime and Black Hole Entropy: The Canonical Method

From first principles, I present a concrete realization of Carlip's idea on the black hole entropy from the conformal field theory on the horizon in any dimension. New formulation is free of inconsistencies encountered in Carlip's. By considering a correct gravity action, whose variational principle is well defined at the horizon, I $derive$ a correct $classical$ Virasoro generator for the surface deformations at the horizon through the canonical method. The existence of the classical Virasoro algebra is crucial in obtaining an operator Virasoro algebra, through canonical quantization, which produce the right central charge and conformal weight $\sim A_+/\hbar G$ for the semiclassical black hole entropy. The coefficient of proportionality depends on the choice of ground state, which has to be put in by hand to obtain the correct numerical factor 1/4 of the Bekenstein-Hawking (BH) entropy. The appropriate ground state is different for the rotating and the non-rotating black holes but otherwise it has a $universality$ for a wide variety of black holes. As a byproduct of my results, I am led to conjecture that {\it non-commutativity of taking the limit to go to the horizon and computing variation is proportional to the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints}. It is shown that almost all the known uncharged black hole solutions satisfy the conditions for the universal entropy formula.Comment: Much details omitted, references added, accepted in Nucl. Phys.