Aceitação global de bombons recheados pelo consumidor brasileiro

Chocolate is the most popular product made from cocoa. It is mainly consumed with fillings, such as fondant, hydrogenated fat or fruits. This work aimed at assessing the sensory acceptability of chocolate filled with strawberry, orange or passion fruit pulps, mixed in fondant, in a hydrogenated fat base and as truffles. Ninety four consumers participated in the test using a 10 cm hedonic scale to rate the overall liking of the samples. Two-way analysis of variance and the Internal Preference Mapping technique were used to analyze the data. Results showed a good overall liking for almost all samples, especially for strawberry and passion fruit truffles, which obtained 8.4 and 8.8 global means, respectively (p < 0.05), in liking ratings, followed by the hydrogenated fat and fondant fillings. The Internal Preference Map presented two dimensions explaining 72.5% of the variation found. Regarding the flavors, strawberry - traditional in chocolate and confectionary in Brazil - and passion fruit obtained better acceptance, unlike the orange fillings, which showed significantly lower ratings (p < 0.05). The orange fondant filling obtained a global mean of 6.5.Chocolate é o produto mais popular feito do cacau. Ele é consumido preferencialmente como bombom recheado, com recheios como fondant, gordura vegetal hidrogenada ou frutas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear, através da análise sensorial, a preferência dos consumidores de chocolates recheados com um preparado de frutas nos sabores morango, laranja e maracujá, misturados em bases de açúcar fondant, gordura hidrogenada e na forma de trufas. Noventa e quatro consumidores participaram do teste utilizando uma escala hedônica de 10 cm, dando uma nota relativa nesta escala de acordo com a sua aceitação em relação a cada bombom provado. A ANOVA de dois fatores e a técnica do Mapa de Preferência Interno foram utilizadas para analisar os dados obtidos. Os resultados mostraram uma boa aceitação de todos os produtos, especialmente para as trufas de morango e maracujá, que obtiveram médias globais iguais a 8,4 e 8,8, respectivamente (p < 0,05), seguidas dos bombons recheados em base com gordura hidrogenada e fondant. O mapa de preferência interno apresentou duas dimensões que explicaram 72,5% da variação encontrada. Sobre os sabores é possível dizer que o morango - tradicional para chocolates e confeitaria no Brasil - e o maracujá obtiveram uma melhor aceitação, o que não ocorreu com o sabor laranja, que mesmo com boas notas globais, quando comparado com os outros sabores obteve menores médias (p < 0,05). O bombom recheado com fondant de laranja obteve uma media de 6,5

O USO DE MATERIAIS BIOATIVOS NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ATLETAS LESIONADOS

Nos esportes de alto nível, a elevada carga de treinamento e a intensidade das competições deixam os atletas sujeitos a diversas lesões. Uma lesão como uma fratura pode afastar um atleta dos treinamentos e competições por um longo período de tempo, até que ocorra a sua recuperação. A reconstituição de um tecido lesionado, como os ossos, pode ser realizada com materiais que possuem características bioinertes e, portanto, uma menor taxa de rejeição pelo organismo. Porém, tais materiais não possuem a capacidade de se ligar quimicamente ao osso, sendo geralmente utilizados processos como entalhes em sua superfície ou filetes de rosca para que ocorra a sua fixação ao tecido ósseo. A utilização de materiais como os biovidros e a hidroxiapatita torna possível criar uma ligação química entre o implante e o osso, possibilitando a aceleração da cura da lesão, em função das características de bioatividade que esses materiais apresentam. Dessa forma, permitem a recuperação da saúde do atleta, restabelecendo-o para o exercício das atividades desportivas. Este trabalho faz uma análise dos biomateriais aplicados à recuperação de atletas lesionados, esboçando suas características, classificação e as aplicações recentes na medicina desportiva. Ressaltam-se os materiais com características bioativas e biodegradáveis, atualmente muito empregados na recuperação de atletas de alto rendimento que estão acometidos de fraturas ósseas

Perturbed hematopoiesis in mice lacking ATMIN

The ATM-interacting protein ATMIN mediates non-canonical ATM signaling in response to oxidative and replicative stress conditions. Like ATM, ATMIN can function as a tumor suppressor in the hematopoietic system: deletion of Atmin under the control of CD19-Cre results in B cell lymphomas in aging mice. ATM signaling is essential for lymphopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function; however, little is known about the role of ATMIN in hematopoiesis. We thus sought to investigate if the absence of ATMIN would affect primitive hematopoietic cells in an ATM-dependent or -independent manner. Apart from its role in B cell development, we show that ATMIN has an ATM-independent function in the common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) by deletion of Atmin in the entire hematopoietic system using Vav-Cre. Despite the lack of lymphoma formation, ATMIN-deficient mice developed chronic leukopenia as a result of high levels of apoptosis in B cells and CMPs and induced a compensatory mechanism in which HSCs displayed enhanced cycling. Consequently, ATMIN-deficient HSCs showed impaired regeneration ability, with the induction of the DNA oxidative stress response, especially when aged. ATMIN therefore has multiple roles in different cell types and its absence results in perturbed hematopoiesis, especially during stress conditions and aging

Declining incidence of malaria imported into the UK from West Africa

BACKGROUND: Two thirds of all falciparum malaria cases reported in the United Kingdom (UK) are acquired in West Africa (WA). To ensure recommendations and guidelines for malaria prophylaxis in travellers to West Africa correlate to the risk of infection, a study was undertaken to examine recent trends and predict future patterns of imported malaria acquired by UK residents visiting West Africa and West African visitors to the UK between 1993 and 2006. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using passenger numbers and malaria surveillance reports, the data revealed a 2.3-fold increase in travel to West Africa with a five-fold increase in travelers visiting friends and relatives (VFR). Malaria incidence fell through the study period, the greatest decline noted in VFR with a fall from 196 cases/1,000 person-years to 52 cases/1,000 person-years, 9.8% per year p < 0.0001. The risk for travellers from the UK visiting for other reasons declined 2.7 fold, at an annual decrease of 7.0%, with the incidence in West African visitors to the UK falling by 2.3 fold, a rate of 7.9% annually. DISCUSSION: The reduction in incidence among all three groups of travellers may be explained by several factors; changing chemoprophylaxis usage and/or increased travel in urban areas where malaria risk has declined over the past decade, or widespread reduction in malaria transmission in West Africa. CONCLUSION: With the reduction in malaria incidence seen in both visitors to and from West Africa, the most rational explanation for these findings is a fall in malaria transmission in West Africa, which may require a change in chemoprophylaxis policy for UK travelers over the next 5-10 years

Hexakis(tetra­aqua­sodium) deca­vanadate(V) dihydrate

The title compound, {[Na(H2O)4]6[V10O28]·2H2O}n, crystallized from a H2O/THF/CH3CN solution (pH ca 6) containing equimolar amounts of NaVO3 and N-(2-hydroxy­benz­yl)-N-(2-picol­yl)glycine. In the crystal structure, the deca­vanadate [V10O28]6− anion ( symmetry) is coordinated, via four terminal oxide ligands of V centres, to two dinuclear [{Na(H2O)3}2(μ-H2O)2]2+ units. Inter­connection of these aquasodium-ion-sandwiched deca­vanadates to chains parallel to [001] is effected by μ-[{Na(H2O)3}2(μ-H2O)2]2+ units, bridging adjacent deca­vanadates via O=V. The structure is consolidated by an extensive network of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Discriminating among Earth composition models using geo-antineutrinos

It has been estimated that the entire Earth generates heat corresponding to about 40 TW (equivalent to 10,000 nuclear power plants) which is considered to originate mainly from the radioactive decay of elements like U, Th and K, deposited in the crust and mantle of the Earth. Radioactivity of these elements produce not only heat but also antineutrinos (called geo-antineutrinos) which can be observed by terrestrial detectors. We investigate the possibility of discriminating among Earth composition models predicting different total radiogenic heat generation, by observing such geo-antineutrinos at Kamioka and Gran Sasso, assuming KamLAND and Borexino (type) detectors, respectively, at these places. By simulating the future geo-antineutrino data as well as reactor antineutrino background contributions, we try to establish to which extent we can discriminate among Earth composition models for given exposures (in units of kt$\cdot$ yr) at these two sites on our planet. We use also information on neutrino mixing parameters coming from solar neutrino data as well as KamLAND reactor antineutrino data, in order to estimate the number of geo-antineutrino induced events.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, final version to appear in JHE

Stable amorphous georgeite as a precursor to a high-activity catalyst .

Copper and zinc form an important group of hydroxycarbonate minerals that include zincian malachite, aurichalcite, rosasite and the exceptionally rare and unstable—and hence little known and largely ignored1—georgeite. The first three of these minerals are widely used as catalyst precursors2, 3, 4 for the industrially important methanol-synthesis and low-temperature water–gas shift (LTS) reactions5, 6, 7, with the choice of precursor phase strongly influencing the activity of the final catalyst. The preferred phase2, 3, 8, 9, 10 is usually zincian malachite. This is prepared by a co-precipitation method that involves the transient formation of georgeite11; with few exceptions12 it uses sodium carbonate as the carbonate source, but this also introduces sodium ions—a potential catalyst poison. Here we show that supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation using carbon dioxide (refs 13, 14), a process that exploits the high diffusion rates and solvation power of supercritical carbon dioxide to rapidly expand and supersaturate solutions, can be used to prepare copper/zinc hydroxycarbonate precursors with low sodium content. These include stable georgeite, which we find to be a precursor to highly active methanol-synthesis and superior LTS catalysts. Our findings highlight the value of advanced synthesis methods in accessing unusual mineral phases, and show that there is room for exploring improvements to established industrial catalysts

Blood contamination effect on shear bond strength of an orthodontic hydrophilic resin

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of blood contamination on shear bond strength (SBS) and bond failure pattern of metallic brackets bonded using a new hydrophilic resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty human premolars were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=20) according to the bonding material and contamination pattern. GI: brackets bonded with the Transbond XT conventional system without contamination; GII: brackets bonded with the Transbond XT conventional system with blood contamination; GIII: brackets bonded with the Transbond Self Etching Primer and Transbond Plus Color without contamination; GIV: brackets bonded with the Transbond Self Etching Primer and Transbond Plus Color with blood contamination. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and then submitted to SBS test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. After bond failure, the enamel surfaces were observed under an optical microscope at 40x magnification. RESULTS: Blood contamination decreased (

Formação docente on-line à luz do paradigma da complexidade

The paradigmatic change subsidized by Morin's Theory of Complexity (2000) may come to support an education that will meet the desires required in teaching at different levels of education. The vision of complexity is projected in “seven knowledge necessary for education in the 20th century” (MORIN, 2000). In this research, it was decided to analyze the contributions presented by the teachers involved with regard to the third knowledge “teaching the human condition”. The investigation started from the proposal of an on-line training, carried out by the research group, on the development of complex thinking in teacher training. The qualitative approach methodology, of the action-research type, counted on the participation of 25 Mathematics teachers, through the offer of an on-line pedagogical training course, structured in seven modules on the seven knowledges. We chose as a problem: what are the contributions of participating teachers with the on-line course structured in the seven Knowledge of Education of the Future by Edgar Morin? Identify the constructs of the participants of the course on the Seven Knowledge of Edgar Morin with a focus on the third knowledge "Teaching the human condition", to seek to overcome the conservative view in teaching. The contributions of the participating teachers, based on their knowledge, their teaching experiences and their participation in the on-line course, made it possible to identify the relevance of the paradigmatic change in teaching and that it becomes necessary to expand spaces for the reflections of teachers in continuing education processes on the subject. complex thinking and the acceptance of teaching the human condition in the educational environment.El cambio paradigmático subsidiado por la teoría de la complejidad de Morin (2000) puede apoyar una educación que satisfaga los deseos requeridos en la enseñanza en diferentes niveles de educación. La visión de la complejidad se proyecta en "Siete conocimientos necesarios para la educación en el siglo XX" (MORIN, 2000). En esta investigación, se decidió analizar las contribuciones presentadas por los docentes involucrados con respecto al tercer conocimiento "enseñanza de la condición humana". La investigación comenzó a partir de la propuesta de una capacitación en línea, realizada por el grupo de investigación, sobre el desarrollo del pensamiento complejo en la capacitación de docentes. La metodología del enfoque cualitativo, del tipo de investigación-acción, contó con la participación de 25 profesores de Matemáticas, a través de la oferta de un curso de capacitación pedagógica en línea, estructurado en siete módulos sobre los siete conocimientos. Elegimos como un problema: ¿cuáles son las contribuciones de los maestros participantes con el curso en línea estructurado en los siete conocimientos de la educación del futuro por Edgar Morin? Como objetivo general buscamos: Identificar los constructos de los participantes del curso sobre los Siete Conocimientos de Edgar Morin con un enfoque en el tercer conocimiento "Enseñar la condición humana", para tratar de superar la visión conservadora en la enseñanza. Las contribuciones de los docentes participantes, en función de sus conocimientos, sus experiencias docentes y su participación en el curso en línea, permitieron identificar la relevancia del cambio paradigmático en la enseñanza y que se hace necesario ampliar los espacios para las reflexiones de los docentes en los procesos de educación continua sobre el tema. Pensamiento complejo y aceptación de la enseñanza de la condición humana en el entorno educativo.alicerçar uma educação que venha a atender aos anseios exigidos na docência em diferentes níveis de ensino. A visão da complexidade projeta-se em Sete saberes necessários para a educação no século XX (MORIN, 2000). Nesta pesquisa, optou-se por analisar as contribuições apresentadas pelos professores envolvidos no que se refere ao terceiro saber – ensinar a condição humana. A investigação partiu da proposição de uma formação on-line, realizada pelo grupo de pesquisa, sobre o desenvolvimento do pensamento complexo na formação docente. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa-ação, contou com a participação de 25 professores de Matemática, por meio da oferta de um curso de formação pedagógica on-line, estruturado em sete módulos sobre os sete saberes. Elegeu-se como problema: quais são as contribuições dos professores participantes do curso on-line estruturado nos sete saberes para a educação do futuro, de Edgar Morin? Como objetivo geral buscamos: Identificar os construtos dos participantes do curso sobre os Sete Saberes de Edgar Morin com foco no terceiro saber “Ensinar a condição humana”, para buscar a superação da visão conservadora na docência. As contribuições dos professores participantes, a partir de seus conhecimentos, suas experiências docentes e participação no curso on-line, permitiram verificar a pertinência da mudança paradigmática na docência e que se torna necessário ampliar espaços para as reflexões dos professores em processos de formação continuada sobre o pensamento complexo e sobre a aceitação de ensinar a condição humana no meio educacional