Trasplante cardíaco en pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas. Experiencia de un único centro

IntroducciónLa enfermedad de Chagas es un problema de salud pública en América Latina con repercusión mundial por la globalización.ObjetivoPresentar la experiencia acumulada después de 25 años de un único centro con trasplante cardíaco en la cardiomiopatía chagásica.Método y casuísticaDe 417 pacientes sometidos a trasplante cardíaco desde marzo de 1985 hasta marzo de 2010, 111 (26,6%) eran portadores de cardiomiopatía chagásica: 77 (69,3%) estaban en clase funcional IV; 34 (30,6%) usaban agentes vasopresores y 17 (15,3%) recibían asistencia circulatoria mecánica.ResultadosLa mortalidad hospitalaria fue 17,1% (19 casos), por infección en 6 (31,5%) casos, disfunción del injerto en 6 (31,5%), rechazo en 4 (21,1%) y muerte súbita en 2 (10,5%) casos, y debido a la falta de coincidencia ABO en 1 (5,3%) caso. la mortalidad tardía fue de 24,3% (26), distribuidos así: 6 (22,2%) por rechazo, 6 (22,2%) por infección, 4 (14,8%) por linfoma; 2 (7,4%) por Kaposi, 2 (7,4%) por pericarditis constrictiva y 1 (7,1%) por reactivación de la enfermedad del sistema nervioso central.ConclusionesEl trasplante cardíaco es el único tratamiento actual eficaz de tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas en fase terminal. La reactivación de la enfermedad es un problema real que es fácilmente revertido con la introducción de la terapéutica farmacológica específica, restaurando los padrones histológicos del miocardio sin dejar secuelas. La inmunosupresión, en especial los corticoides, predisponen al desarrollo de neoplasias y a la reactivación de la enfermedad, exigiendo una atención especial su interrupción o reducción precoz.IntroductionChagas’ disease is a public health problem in Latin America and with universal repercussions by globalization.ObjectiveTo show the accumulated experience after 25 years with heart transplantation in Chagas’ disease in a single center.Casuistic and methodFrom 417 patients underwent to heart transplantation since March 1985 to March 2010, 111 (26.6%) patients had Chagas’ disease and formed the current study group: 77 (69.3%) were in functional class IV, 34 (30.6%) in use of vasopressor agents of which 17 (15.3%) were under mechanical circulatory support.ResultsHospital mortality was 17.1% (19 cases) due to the infection in 6 cases (31.5%), graft dysfunction in 6 (31.5%), rejection in 4 (21.1%), sudden death 2 (10.5%), and due to ABO mismatch in 1 (5.3%) case. Late mortality was in 24.3% (26 cases) during study period: 6 (22.2%) due to rejection, 6 (22.2%) infection, 4 (14.8%) lymphoma, 2 (7.4%) Kaposi, 2 (7.4%) constrictive pericarditis, and 1 (7.1%) for Chagas’ disease reactivation into central nervous system.ConclusionsHeart transplantation is unique form to modify the natural evolution of the terminal chagasic cardiomyopathy; however, the operation is faced with peculiar problems that differ others patients by possibility of the disease reactivation and increase of neoplasias. The reactivation of the disease is a real problem which is easily reversed by introduction of specific pharmacological therapy, restoring the normal histological patterns without myocardial sequelae. immunosuppression, especially steroids, predisposes to neoplasias and reactivation of the disease, thus requiring special attention as to its use

Decompensated heart failure in the emergency department of a cardiology hospital

FUNDAMENTO: Estudos nacionais em insuficiência cardíaca descompensada (ICD) são fundamentais para o entendimento dessa afecção em nosso meio. OBJETIVO: Determinar as características dos pacientes com ICD em uma unidade de emergência. MÉTODOS: Examinamos prospectivamente 212 pacientes com o diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, os quais foram admitidos em uma unidade de emergência (UE) de hospital especializado em cardiologia. Estudaram-se variáveis clínicas, apresentação e causas de descompensação. Em 100 pacientes, foram analisados exames complementares, prescrição de drogas vasoativas, tempo de internação e letalidade. RESULTADOS: Entre os pesquisados houve predomínio de homens (56%) e a etiologia isquêmica foi a mais freqüente (29,7%), apesar da elevada freqüência de valvares (15%) e chagásicos (14,7%). A forma de apresentação e a causa de descompensação mais comuns foram, respectivamente, congestão (80,7%) e má adesão/medicação inadequada (43,4%). Na subanálise dos 100 pacientes, a disfunção sistólica foi a mais freqüente (55%), uso de drogas vasoativas ocorreu em 20% e a letalidade foi de 10%. Análise comparativa entre os pacientes que receberam alta e faleceram durante a internação ratificou alguns critérios de mau prognóstico: pressão arterial sistólica reduzida, baixo débito associado à congestão, necessidade de droga vasoativa, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo reduzida, diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE) aumentado e hiponatremia. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre o perfil da população com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada atendida na unidade de emergência de um hospital especializado em cardiologia da região sudeste do Brasil. Na avaliação inicial destes pacientes dados clínico-hemodinâmicos e de exames complementares fornecem subsídios para estratificação de risco, auxiliando na decisão de internação e estratégias terapêuticas mais avançadas.BACKGROUND: National studies on decompensated heart failure (DHF) are key to the understanding of this condition in our midst. OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of DHF patients in an emergency department. METHODS: A total of 212 patients diagnosed with decompensated heart failure who had been admitted to an emergency department (EU) of a cardiology hospital were prospectively evaluated. Clinical variables, form of presentation and causes of decompensation were studied. In 100 patients, ancillary tests, prescription of vasoactive drugs, length of hospital stay and mortality were also analyzed. RESULTS: There was a predominance of the male gender (56%) and the most frequent etiology was ischemia (29,7%) despite high frequency of valvular (15%) and chagasic (14,7%) etiologies. The most common form of presentation and cause of decompensation were congestion (80.7%) and poor compliance/inadequate medication (43.4%), respectively. In the subanalysis of the 100 patients, systolic dysfunction was the most common cause of decompensation (55%); use of vasoactive drugs occurred in 20%, and mortality was 10%. The comparative analysis between the patients who were discharged and those who died during hospitalization confirmed some criteria of poor prognosis: reduced systolic blood pressure, low cardiac output associated with congestion, need for vasoactive drugs, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, increased left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD) and hyponatremia. CONCLUSION: This study presents information about the profile of decompensated heart failure patients attended on the emergency unit of a brazilian southeast cardiology hospital. Clinical, hemodynamical and ancillary data may provide information for risk assessment in the initial evaluation helping the decision on hospitalization and advanced strategic therapies

COVID-19 and Hypercoagulable State: A New Therapeutic Perspective

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Intervalos de referência de hemograma da população adulta brasileira: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde

Objective: to estimate the reference intervals (RIs) of complete blood count parameters in the Brazilian adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data from the National Health Survey (PNS), between 2014-2015. The final sample consisted of 2,803 adults. The final sample consisted of 2,803 adults. To establish the RI, exclusion criteria were applied, outliers were removed and partitions were made by sex, age and race/skin color. The non-parametric method was adopted. Differences were assessed using the Mann Withney and Kruskal Wallis tests (p≤0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences for the following hematological parameters based on sex, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, eosinophils and absolute monocytes, neutrophils and platelets (p≤0.05). When analyzed by age, the RIs were statistically different in females for hematocrit, MCV, white blood cells and RDW and in males for red blood cells, white blood cells, eosinophils, mean platelet volume, MCV, RDW and MCH(p≤0.05). For race/color there were differences in the RIs for parameters of hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, white blood cells and mean platelet volume, neutrophils and absolute eosinophils (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The differences found in the RIs of some in blood count parameters in Brazilian adults reaffirm the importance of having their own laboratory reference standards. The results can support a more accurate interpretation of tests, adequate identification and disease prevention in Brazil.Objetivo: estimar os intervalos de referência (IR) de parâmetros de hemograma completo na população adulta brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), entre 2014-2015. A amostra final constitui-se de 2.803 adultos. Para estabelecer os IR, aplicou-se critérios de exclusão, removeram-se outliers e feito particionamentos por sexo, idade e raça/cor da pele. Adotou-se o método não paramétrico.  As diferenças foram avaliadas pelos testes Mann Withney e Kruskal Wallis (p≤0,05). Resultados: houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos IR segundo sexo para glóbulos vermelhos, hemoglobina, hematócrito, HCM, CHCM, eosinófilos, monócitos, neutrófilos absolutos e plaquetas (p≤0,05). Quando analisados por idade,  houve diferenças nos IR de mulheres para hematócrito, VCM, glóbulos brancos e RDW e nos homens de glóbulos vermelhos, glóbulos brancos, eosinófilos, volume plaquetário médios, VCM, RDW e HCM (p≤0,05). Para raça/cor houve diferenças nos IR de hemoglobina, HCM, CHMC, glóbulos brancos e volume plaquetário médio, neutrófilos e eosinófilos absolutos (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusão: As diferenças encontradas nos IR de alguns em parâmetros de hemograma em adultos brasileiros  reafirmam a importância de se ter padrões de referência laborarias próprios. Os resultados podem subsidiar a interpretação mais precisa dos exames, identificação adequada e a prevenção de doenças no Brasil

Identification Of Anln As Etv6 Partner Gene In Recurrent T(7;12)(p15;p13): A Possible Role Of Deregulated Anln Expression In Leukemogenesis.

The ETV6 gene encodes an ETS family transcription factor that is involved in a myriad of chromosomal rearrangements found in hematological malignancies and other neoplasms. A recurrent ETV6 translocation, previously described in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Genes Chromosomes Cancer 51:328-337,2012, Leuk Res 35:e212-214, 2011), whose partner has not been identified is t(7;12)(p15;p13). We herein report that the t(7;12)(p15;p13) fuses ETV6 to ANLN, a gene not previously implicated in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, and we demonstrate that this translocation leads to high expression of the fusion transcript in the myeloid and lymphoid lineages.1419

The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know

In face of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease is challenging. The cardiovascular complications evidenced in patients with COVID-19 derive from several mechanisms, ranging from direct viral injury to complications secondary to the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. The proper care of patients with COVID-19 requires special attention to the cardiovascular system aimed at better outcomes

II Diretriz Brasileira de Transplante Cardíaco

Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasIIHospital de Messejana Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart GomesUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaInstituto Dante Pazzanese de CardiologiaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio PretoPontifícia Universidade Católica do ParanáIHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Fundação Universitária do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de CardiologiaReal e Benemérita Sociedade de Beneficência Portuguesa, São PauloHospital Pró-Cardíaco do Rio de JaneiroSanta Casa do Rio de JaneiroUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

COVID-19 e Estado de Hipercoagulabilidade: Uma Nova Perspectiva Terapêutica

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