Taking things public: a contribution to address human dimensions of environmental change

This paper addresses the question of environmental change in Amazônia, by looking at the experiences of the large-scale biosphere–atmosphere (LBA) experiment in the Amazon, and three other enterprises—the extractive reserves, the Pilot Programme to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest (PPG7) and ecological-economic zoning—that address questions of sustainable development in the region. The LBA experience shows how the integration with the social sciences can be critical for science to explore its own outcomes for society, while the other programmes expose environmental change as a problem with too many intersections within society, so the outcomes of any initiative depends on placing it before a complex, tense and wide arena

Strain and slackness of achilles tendon during passive joint mobilization via imaging ultrasonography

Background: In vivo study of the mechanical behavior of tendons may bring advances in evaluating the impact of intervention programs for flexibility and strength, in clinical practice and sports. Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the relative strain and slackness of achilles tendons during passive mobilization, for four ankle joint angles and two knee angles. Methods: The displacement of the muscle-tendon junction was quantified by means of ultrasound images acquired during passive ankle mobilization, with the aid of an electrogoniometer and an electromyograph to ensure the achievement of the required angles and muscle inactivity, respectively. Results: The strain values ranged from 4.28%±2.37 to -0.94%±1.58 for the fully extended knee, and from 2.38%±1.63 to -2.32%±2.16% for the flexed knee. Conclusions: The values found in this study confirm those in the literature and demonstrate how the Achilles tendon participates in length changes in the muscle-tendon unit during passive movement. These results suggest that the mechanical properties of tendinous tissues affect the relationship between the length of muscle fibers and the joint angle, even during this type of movement

Efficiency of free energy calculations of spin lattices by spectral quantum algorithms

Quantum algorithms are well-suited to calculate estimates of the energy spectra for spin lattice systems. These algorithms are based on the efficient calculation of the discrete Fourier components of the density of states. The efficiency of these algorithms in calculating the free energy per spin of general spin lattices to bounded error is examined. We find that the number of Fourier components required to bound the error in the free energy due to the broadening of the density of states scales polynomially with the number of spins in the lattice. However, the precision with which the Fourier components must be calculated is found to be an exponential function of the system size.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; corrected typographical and minor mathematical error

In silico analysis of cytochrome p450 genes involved in the metabolism of diterpenes in Coffea.

Brazil is the largest world producer and exporter of coffee, being also the second largest consumer market. Among the main goals of coffee breeders, studies aiming the improvement of cup quality and plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses have extreme importance. Beverage nutraceutical properties and plant defense mechanisms are directly linked to diterpenes present in the lipid fraction of coffee beans, such as cafestol (Caf ) and caveol (Cav). Many members of P 450 gene family are involved in plant secondary metabolism, including diterpenes synthesis. In order to depict biochemical and genetic aspects of diterpenes byosinthesis, we did an in silico characterization of p450 gene family in Coffea spp., and we also quantified Caf and Cav in coffee fruit tissues for further gene expression studies involving diterpens metabolism. Using keyword and Blast search, 1396 ESTs related to Cyt p450 were selected from the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project (http://www.lge.ibi. unicamp.br/cafe). After assembling, we observed 157 putative unigenes, distributed in 92 contigs and 65 singlets. The contigs were analyzed using BLAST X versus public sequences databases (GenBank and Harvest Coffea), confirming their identity to 91 Cyt P450 genes. Expression profiles were inferred by electronic Northern blot of all contigs, allowing the selection of 7 candidate genes for transcriptional analysis based in fruit cDNA library expression. Caf and Cav were measured using HPLC in two different fruit developmental stages: 90 DAF (Days After Flowering) vs 120 DAF and in fruits (120 DAF) treated with 2?M methyl Jasmonate (MJ). Fruits at 120 DAF had an increase of 42% in Cav and 19% in Caf levels in relation to 90DAF fruits. MJ treatment resulted in samples with an average increase of 18% of Cav and 35% of Caf. RNAs were extracted from these samples for future transcriptional analyses. This study establish a platform for expression analysis of cyt P450 candidate genes in RNA samples from tissues with contrasting accumulation of Cav and Caf. (Texte intégral

Physico-chemical characterization of trypanomicide benznidazole for drug development

Este trabalho objetivou a caracterização físico-química do benznidazol (BNZ), utilizando diversas técnicas analíticas. Os dados obtidos nos espectrogramas de infravermelho mostram as características principais da carbonila e deformação N-H; as vibrações devido ao grupo benzílico e imidazólico. O BNZ apresentou pico endotérmico em aproximadamente 190 ºC referente a fusão. O perfil difractométrico revela a presença de picos de maior intensidade a 7,5; 16,5 e 22 º2θ, evidenciando o comportamento cristalino do BNZ, corroborando com as micrografias obtidas. Obteve-se um percentual dissolvido de BNZ de aproximadamente 25% em 60 min. Os resultados permitiram a determinação detalhada das características do fármaco (classe II), passo relevante na produção de medicamentos.The aim of this work was the benznidazole (BNZ) physical-chemical characterization by diverse analytical techniques. The infrared spectrum obtained show carbonyl stretch, N-H deformation and vibrations from benzyl and imidazole group. The BNZ show endothermic melting peak at 190°C. The diffractometry profile show two major peaks at 7.5, 16.5 and 22° 2θ, showing the crystalline state of the drug, corroborating with the obtained micrographics. The dissolution rate of the drug is approximately 25% in 60 min. The data obtained allowed an important step for medicines development, the drug characterization.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Star and Planet Formation with ALMA: an Overview

Submillimeter observations with ALMA will be the essential next step in our understanding of how stars and planets form. Key projects range from detailed imaging of the collapse of pre-stellar cores and measuring the accretion rate of matter onto deeply embedded protostars, to unravelling the chemistry and dynamics of high-mass star-forming clusters and high-spatial resolution studies of protoplanetary disks down to the 1 AU scale.Comment: Invited review, 8 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the proceedings of "Science with ALMA: a New Era for Astrophysics". Astrophysics & Space Science, in pres

Low energy electron/recoil discrimination for directional Dark Matter detection

Directional detection is a promising Dark Matter search strategy. Even though it could accommodate to a sizeable background contamination, electron/recoil discrimination remains a key and challenging issue as for direction-insensitive detectors. The measurement of the 3D track may be used to discriminate electrons from nuclear recoils. While a high rejection power is expected above 20 keV ionization, a dedicated data analysis is needed at low energy. After identifying discriminant observables, a multivariate analysis, namely a Boosted Decision Tree, is proposed, enabling an efficient event tagging for Dark Matter search. We show that it allows us to optimize rejection while keeping a rather high efficiency which is compulsory for rare event search.With respect to a sequential analysis, the rejection is about 20 times higher with a multivariate analysis, for the same Dark Matter exclusion limit.Comment: 20 pages, 20 figure

Faktor Resiko Terjadinya Perdarahan Post Partum : Studi Literatur

Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is relatively high. The most common cause of maternal death is bleeding. Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is an unexpected cause and the fastest cause of maternal death worldwide. PPH is blood loss of 500 cc or more that occurs after the baby is born. Risk factors/predisposition for postpartum hemorrhage include: anemia, parity, gestational age, delivery distance, excessive uterine stretching (macrosomia, gemely, and polyhidramnions), precipitate parturition, oxytocin induction, history of cesarean section, ante partum bleeding, first stage of labor and the elongated II, and so on. This literature review aims to determine the risk factors/trigger factors of postpartum hemorrhage. Using literature study according to the topic. Literature studies were obtained from various sources, including from journals ranging from 2015-2020. Source articles from goggle scholars and Goggle Scholars. From several journals that have been reviewed, postpartum hemorrhage is one of the complications that has a high incidence. And there is a relationship between predisposing factors and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhageAbstrakAngka kematian ibu melahirkan di Indonesia relatif tinggi. Adapun penyebab terbanyak yang menyebabkan kematian ibu adalah perdarahan. Perdarahan post partum adalah penyebab tak terduga dan penyebab tercepat kematian ibu diseluruh dunia. Perdarahan post partum adalah hilangnya darah 500 cc atau lebih yang terjadi setelah bayi lahir. Faktor resiko/predisposisi terjadinya perdarahan post partum antara lain : anemia, paritas, umur kehamilan, jarak persalinan, peregangan uterus yang berlebihan (makrosomia, gemeli dan polihidramnion), partus presipitatus, induksi oksitosin, riwayat seksio secaria, perdarahan ante partum, persalinan kalan I dan II yang memanjang, dan lain-lain. literatur review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko/faktor pencetus dari perdarahan post partum. menggunakan studi literatur sesuai dengan topik. Studi literatur didapat dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya dari jurnal berkisar tahun 2014-2018. Sumber artikel dari Pubmed, Portal Garuda dan goggle Scholar. dari beberapa jurnal yang telah ditelaah, perdarahan post partum merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang angka kejadiannya masih tinggi. Dan ada hubungan antara faktor predisposisi dengan kejadian perdarahan post partu

Modelling J/psi production and absorption in a microscopic nonequilibrium approach

Charmonium production and absorption in heavy ion collisions is studied with the Ultrarelativisitic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model. We compare the scenario of universal and time independent color-octet dissociation cross sections with one of distinct color-singlet J/psi, psi' and chi_c states, evolving from small, color transparent configurations to their asymptotic sizes. The measured J/psi production cross sections in pA and AB collisions at SPS energies are consistent with both - purely hadronic - scenarios. The predicted rapidity dependence of J/psi suppression can be used to discriminate between the two experimentally. The importance of interactions with secondary hadrons and the applicability of thermal reaction kinetics to J/psi absorption are investigated. We discuss the effect of nuclear stopping and the role of leading hadrons. The dependence of the psi' to J/psi ratio on the model assumptions and the possible influence of refeeding processes is also studied.Comment: 35 pages, 16 figure

Faktor Resiko Terjadinya Perdarahan Post Partum : Studi Literatur

Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is relatively high. The most common cause of maternal death is bleeding. Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is an unexpected cause and the fastest cause of maternal death worldwide. PPH is blood loss of 500 cc or more that occurs after the baby is born. Risk factors/predisposition for postpartum hemorrhage include: anemia, parity, gestational age, delivery distance, excessive uterine stretching (macrosomia, gemely, and polyhidramnions), precipitate parturition, oxytocin induction, history of cesarean section, ante partum bleeding, first stage of labor and the elongated II, and so on. This literature review aims to determine the risk factors/trigger factors of postpartum hemorrhage. Using literature study according to the topic. Literature studies were obtained from various sources, including from journals ranging from 2015-2020. Source articles from goggle scholars and Goggle Scholars. From several journals that have been reviewed, postpartum hemorrhage is one of the complications that has a high incidence. And there is a relationship between predisposing factors and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhageAbstrakAngka kematian ibu melahirkan di Indonesia relatif tinggi. Adapun penyebab terbanyak yang menyebabkan kematian ibu adalah perdarahan. Perdarahan post partum adalah penyebab tak terduga dan penyebab tercepat kematian ibu diseluruh dunia. Perdarahan post partum adalah hilangnya darah 500 cc atau lebih yang terjadi setelah bayi lahir. Faktor resiko/predisposisi terjadinya perdarahan post partum antara lain : anemia, paritas, umur kehamilan, jarak persalinan, peregangan uterus yang berlebihan (makrosomia, gemeli dan polihidramnion), partus presipitatus, induksi oksitosin, riwayat seksio secaria, perdarahan ante partum, persalinan kalan I dan II yang memanjang, dan lain-lain. literatur review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko/faktor pencetus dari perdarahan post partum. menggunakan studi literatur sesuai dengan topik. Studi literatur didapat dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya dari jurnal berkisar tahun 2014-2018. Sumber artikel dari Pubmed, Portal Garuda dan goggle Scholar. dari beberapa jurnal yang telah ditelaah, perdarahan post partum merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang angka kejadiannya masih tinggi. Dan ada hubungan antara faktor predisposisi dengan kejadian perdarahan post partu