Petrography of a "cryptic" mixed magma system – the Mount Waldo granite, coastal Maine

The Mount Waldo granite (MWG), dated at 371 ± 2 Ma, is typical of the younger Devonian intrusions of the coastal Maine magmatic province. It is a coarse-grained, seriate to porphyritic, biotite ± hornblende, titanite-bearing granite with abundant intermediate to felsic magmatic enclaves and less abundant mafic schlieren. The MWG contains feldspars of various textures and composition, including abundant plagioclase-mantled K-feldspar (rapakivi texture), boxy and spongy cellular plagioclase, and plagioclase that show An spikes and/or central cores of higher Ca content. In addition, the magmatic enclaves also preserve textural evidence for mixing and hybridization. Specifically, abundant mafic clots, acicular apatite, inherited megacrysts of all the feldspar varieties common in the host granite, and titanite-plagioclase intergrowths are all observed. Although very little mafic material is observed in the MWG at its present level of erosion, abundant textural evidence suggests that mixing occurred at depth in this intrusion. The thermal, chemical, and physical gradients initiated by the injection of mafic material produced not only the array of mixing textures observed in the MWG but also the large-scale convection needed to distribute these features throughout the pluton including its highest levels. RÉSUMÉ Le granite du mont Waldo (GMW), situé à 371±2 Ma, est caractéristique des intrusions récentes du Dévonien de la province magmatique côtière du Maine. Il s'agit d'un granite titanitifère à gros grain, sérié à porphyrique de biotite ± hornblende comportant une abondance d'enclaves magmatiques intermédiaires à felsiques et une abondance moindre de schlierens mafiques. Le GMW renferme des feldspaths de textures et de compositions diverses, notamment une abondance de feldspath potassique recouvert de plagioclase (texture de rapakiwi), de plagioclase alvéolaire massif et spongieux, et de plagioclase présentant des pics d'An ou des noyaux centraux à teneur supérieure en Ca. De plus, les enclaves magmatiques préservent également une preuve texturale de mélange et d'hybridation. On peut, plus précisément observer la totalité de ces traits : une abondance de grumeaux mafiques, de l'apatite aciculaire, des mégacristaux provenant de tous les types de feldspaths courants dans le granite hôte et des enchevêtrements de titanite-plagioclase. Même si l'on observe très peu de matières mafiques dans le GMW à son niveau actuel d'érosion, d'abondants indices texturaux permettent de supposer que le mixage est survenu en profondeur dans cette intrusion. Les gradients thermiques, chimiques et physiques obtenus par l'injection de matières mafiques a non seulement produit l'éventail de textures de mélange observé dans le GMW, mais également la convection à grande échelle nécessaire à la distribution de ces caractéristiques dans l'ensemble du pluton ainsi qu'à ses niveaux les plus élevés. [Traduit par la rédaction

Carboniferous metamorphism on the north (upper) side of the Sebago Batholith

Guidebook for field trips in southwestern Maine: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 78th annual meeting, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, October 17, 18, and 19, 1986: Trip C-

SCALENET: A SEARCHABLE INFORMATION SYSTEM ON SCALE INSECTS

SCALENET: A SEARCHABLE INFORMATION SYSTEM ON SCALE INSECTS. Systematic information on the scale insects of the world is currently being compiled and synthesized in a database system called BASIS. The information is organized by scale insect family and is searchable at a site on the World Wide Web called ScaleNet (http:\\www.sel.barc.usda.gov\scalenet\scalenet.htm). The site provides general information on scale insects, including sections on economic importance, life histories, distribution and ecology, classification and biographies. A query system provides information on valid names and provides a complete systematic catalogue for any valid genus or species. For a particular taxon, queries will give the following information: all hosts of a scale, distribution of a scale, references for a scale, a checklist of all valid species in a family or genus, biological notes and remarks for a scale. It also will give the scales that occur on a particular host, all systematic references on scales that were published between two dates, all references published by an author, all references with any of five selected words in a title or annotations, a list of all scales described by a particular author, all scales from a particular zoogeographic region, country or country subunit, and the scientific name of any common name of a scale. Key words: BASIS, Biological and systematic information service, Coccoidea, Coccinea, Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Beesoniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, Micrococcidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Phenacoleachidae, Pseudococcidae, Tachardiidae

Stochastic Variational Search for ΛΛ4^{4}_{\Lambda\Lambda}H

A four-body calculation of the $pn\Lambda\Lambda$ bound state, $^{\ 4}_{\Lambda\Lambda}$H, is performed using the stochastic variational method and phenomenological potentials. The$NN$,$\Lambda N$, and$\Lambda\Lambda$potentials are taken from a recent Letter by Filikhin and Gal, PRL{\bf 89}, 172502 (2002). Although their Faddeev-Yakubovsky calculation found no bound-state solution over a wide range of$\Lambda\Lambda$interaction strengths, the present variational calculation gives a bound-state energy, which is clearly lower than the$_\Lambda^3{H}+\Lambda$threshold, even for a weak$\Lambda\Lambda$interaction strength deduced from a recent experimental$B_{\Lambda\Lambda}(^{6}_{\Lambda\Lambda}{He})$value. The binding energies obtained are close to, and slightly larger than, the values obtained from the three-body$d\Lambda\Lambda$ model in the Letter.Comment: Corrected typos, added addtional calculations regarding a truncated to l=0 interaction model, 4 pages, 3 figure

Consumption of dissolved organic carbon by Caribbean reef sponges

Sponges are conspicuous and abundant within the benthic fauna on Caribbean reefs. The ability of these organisms to efficiently capture carbon from particulate sources is well known and the importance of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake has been recognized for several species. We surveyed DOC ingestion by seven sponge species common to Florida Keys reefs using nondisruptive sampling methods on undisturbed individuals. Three of the seven species exhibited significant DOC removal ranging from 13% to 24% of ambient concentrations. The tested species that removed DOC host large microbial consortia within their tissues, while the converse was observed for those that did not. This divergent behavior may suggest an important role for sponge associated microbes in the utilization of DOC by these species. The feeding behaviors of individuals of Xestospongia muta were then monitored over time to investigate its respiratory consumption of particulate and DOC. The uptake rates of dissolved oxygen (DO) and organic carbon by two undisturbed individuals revealed that DOC represented 96% of removed C, and that the tested individuals removed approximately equal quantities of C and DO. This demonstrates that X. muta largely satisfies its respiration demands through DOC consumption, and that DOC likely represents the dominant C source for biomass production and cell overturn in this species. These results further illustrate the metabolic importance of DOC to sponges, and suggest that these organisms are an important pathway for remineralizing organic matter on Caribbean reefs

Efficient Recursion Method for Inverting Overlap Matrix

A new O(N) algorithm based on a recursion method, in which the computational effort is proportional to the number of atoms N, is presented for calculating the inverse of an overlap matrix which is needed in electronic structure calculations with the the non-orthogonal localized basis set. This efficient inverting method can be incorporated in several O(N) methods for diagonalization of a generalized secular equation. By studying convergence properties of the 1-norm of an error matrix for diamond and fcc Al, this method is compared to three other O(N) methods (the divide method, Taylor expansion method, and Hotelling's method) with regard to computational accuracy and efficiency within the density functional theory. The test calculations show that the new method is about one-hundred times faster than the divide method in computational time to achieve the same convergence for both diamond and fcc Al, while the Taylor expansion method and Hotelling's method suffer from numerical instabilities in most cases.Comment: 17 pages and 4 figure

Triton photodisintegration in three-dimensional approach

Two- and three- particles photodisintegration of the triton is investigated in a three-dimensional (3D) Faddeev approach. For this purpose the Jacobi momentum vectors for three particles system and spin-isospin quantum numbers of the individual nucleons are considered. Based on this picture the three-nucleon Faddeev integral equations with the two-nucleon interaction are formulated without employing the partial wave decomposition. The single nucleon current as well as $\pi-$ and $\rho-$ like exchange currents are used in an appropriate form to be employed in 3D approach. The exchange currents are derived from AV18 NN force. The two-body t-matrix, Deuteron and Triton wave functions are calculated in the 3D approach by using AV18 potential. Benchmarks are presented to compare the total cross section for the two- and three- particles photodisintegration in the range of $E_{\gamma}<30 MeV$. The 3D Faddeev approach shows promising results

Time-Varying Dark Energy Constraints From the Latest SN Ia, BAO and SGL

Based on the latest SNe Ia data provided by Hicken et al. (2009) with using MLCS17 light curve fitter, together with the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation(BAO) and strong gravitational lenses(SGL), we investigate the constraints on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter $w$ in the flat universe, especially for the time-varying case $w(z)=w_0+w_zz/(1+z)$. The constraints from SNe data alone are found to be: (a) $(\Omega_M, w)=(0.358, -1.09)$ as the best-fit results; (b) $(w_0, w_z)=(-0.73^{+0.23}_{-0.97}, 0.84^{+1.66}_{-10.34})$ for the two parameters in the time-varying case after marginalizing the parameter $\Omega_M$; (c) the likelihood of parameter $w_z$ has a high non-Gaussian distribution; (d) an extra restriction on $\Omega_M$ is necessary to improve the constraint of the SNe Ia data on the parameters ($w_0$, $w_z$). A joint analysis of SNe Ia data and BAO is made to break the degeneracy between $w$ and $\Omega_M$, and leads to the interesting maximum likelihoods $w_0 = -0.94$ and $w_z = 0$. When marginalizing the parameter $\Omega_M$, the fitting results are found to be $(w_0, w_z)=(-0.95^{+0.45}_{-0.18}, 0.41^{+0.79}_{-0.96})$. After adding the splitting angle statistic of SGL data, a consistent constraint is obtained $(\Omega_M, w)=(0.298, -0.907)$ and the constraints on time-varying dark energy are further improved to be $(w_0, w_z) = (-0.92^{+0.14}_{-0.10}, 0.35^{+0.47}_{-0.54})$, which indicates that the phantom type models are disfavored.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, to be published in JCA

The effect of laser remelting on the surface chemistry of Ti6al4V components fabricated by selective laser melting

Surface remelting/skin scanning of components is generally performed during the selective laser melting (SLM) process to improve the surface quality of a part. However, the chemical effects of surface remelting are not well understood. In this study, cuboidal parts fabricated with and without laser remelting were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface profilometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometry (XPS). The SEM images showed a low-amplitude undulating pattern was observed on both surfaces. The surface chemistries of the surface remelted/skin scanned (SK) and non-surface remelted/non-skin scanned (NSK) samples were observed to significantly differ in their elemental composition. The thickness of the surface oxide layer of the SK surface was double that of the NSK surface. Also, the contribution of the major alloying elements, including titanium and aluminium, on the surface oxide layer varied for both NSK and SK surfaces. The surface chemistry of the NSK and SK surface was significantly different to a conventionally forged (CF) Ti6Al4V surface. The rate of decrease of oxide with depth was in the order of CF > NSK > SK. Although surface remelting is useful in rendering improved surface quality, its impact on surface chemistry should be carefully considered

The hyperon-nucleon interaction: conventional versus effective field theory approach

Hyperon-nucleon interactions are presented that are derived either in the conventional meson-exchange picture or within leading order chiral effective field theory. The chiral potential consists of one-pseudoscalar-meson exchanges and non-derivative four-baryon contact terms. With regard to meson-exchange hyperon-nucleon models we focus on the new potential of the Juelich group, whose most salient feature is that the contributions in the scalar--isoscalar (\sigma) and vector--isovector (\rho) exchange channels are constrained by a microscopic model of correlated \pi\pi and KKbar exchange.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Lecture Notes in Physic