Avanços recentes em nutrição de larvas de peixes

Os requisitos nutricionais de larvas de peixes são ainda mal compreendidos, o que leva a altas mortalidades e problemas de qualidade no seu cultivo. Este trabalho pretende fazer uma revisão de novas metodologias de investigação, tais como estudos com marcadores, genómica populacional, programação nutricional, génomica e proteómica funcionais, e fornecer ainda alguns exemplos das utilizações presentes e perspectivas futuras em estudos de nutrição de larvas de peixes

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Influence of Dietary Protein on Digestive Enzyme Activity, Growth and Tail Muscle Composition in Redclaw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein on digestive enzyme profiles, growth and tail muscle composition in the freshwater redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Crayfish were fed five diets that consisted of a commercial crayfish pellet and experimental diets containing 13%, 18%,25% or 32% crude protein (CP), for a period of 12 weeks. Analysis of digestive enzyme profiles from the midgut gland (MG) revealed a positive correlation between protease, amylase and cellulase activities and dietary protein level. For all treatments, carbohydrase activity levels (cellulase and amylase) were significantly higher than those detected for protease. As dietary protein was elevated, there was a general increase in specific growth rate (SGR), with the highest SGR (0.58 + 0.06) values observed in crayfish fed the diet containing 25% CP. Feed onversion ratio (FCR)ranged between 5.84 and 6.97 and did not differ significantly among the treatment groups including the reference diet, with the exception of the low-protein diet (13% CP) which showed an FCR of 9.31. Finally,regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the level of dietary protein and CP content in the tail muscle (P50.004; r250.99)

Oncoplastic breast surgery: Achieving oncological and aesthetic outcomes

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oncoplastic reconstruction allows more patients to become candidates for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Oncologic resection of a breast lesion is combined with plastic surgical techniques to improve aesthetic results. Choosing the best oncoplastic method is essential to optimize outcomes, improve cosmesis, and minimize postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to present a treatment algorithm incorporating oncoplastic techniques based on diagnosis, tumor size, tumor location, and breast size and shape. METHODS: A retrospective pilot study of a prospectively collected database was conducted in patients undergoing immediate oncoplastic surgery from 2010 to 2015 at our institution. Oncoplastic surgical techniques were defined as complex layered closure, local tissue rearrangement, pedicled flap, mastopexy, bilateral reduction, or implant placement. Clinical, demographic, and histopathologic data were extracted from electronic patient records. Patient satisfaction was measured by the BREAST-Q questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 42 women and 46 breasts were included. An algorithm was formulated to assist in selecting an optimal oncoplastic reconstruction plan after BCS. Additionally, patient satisfaction with good aesthetic results was reported. CONCLUSION: In this study, the authors present a reconstructive algorithm describing various oncoplastic approaches aimed to provide a guideline in clinical practice when employing oncoplastic surgery

Microstructure of indirectly and directly heated ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processed milk examined using transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling

A layer of cream (or fat) that forms on ultra-high-temperature processed milk during storage can make it unacceptable to the consumer. Milk homogenized after ultra-high-temperature treatment is apparently more susceptible to forming a cream layer than milk homogenized before the heat treatment. However, this study shows that milk homogenized after indirect ultra-high-temperature treatment has both a microstructure, as determined by transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling, and a cream layer thickness similar to that of milk homogenized before indirect ultra-high-temperature treatment, suggesting that it is feasible to homogenize milk before ultra-high-temperature treatment. Also, directly heated milk had a microstructure similar to that of indirectly heated milk. The locations of the caseins (κ-casein, αS1-casein and β-casein) and whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin) were localized with the immunolabelling procedure. β-Lactoglobulin and κ-casein were found to be important proteins in forming the fat globule membrane of homogenized ultra-high-temperature processed milk and were localized on the fat globule membrane. The micrographs confirm that κ-casein dissociates from casein micelles on heating