50 research outputs found
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Effect of milk type and processing on iodine concentration of organic and conventional winter milk at retail: implications for nutrition
Milk is the largest source of iodine in UK diets and an earlier study showed that organic summer milk had significantly lower iodine concentration than conventional milk. There are no comparable studies with winter milk or the effect of milk fat class or heat processing method. Two retail studies with winter milk are reported. Study 1 showed no effect of fat class but organic milk was 32.2% lower in iodine than conventional milk (404 vs. 595 μg/L; P < 0.001). Study 2 found no difference between conventional and Channel Island milk but organic milk contained 35.5% less iodine than conventional milk (474 vs. 306 μg/L; P < 0.001). UHT and branded organic milk also had lower iodine concentrations than conventional milk (331 μg/L; P < 0.001 and 268 μg/L: P < 0.0001 respectively). The results indicate that replacement of conventional milk by organic or UHT milk will increase the risk of sub-optimal iodine status especially for pregnant/lactating women
Recommended from our members
Further studies on the iodine concentration of conventional, organic and UHT semi-skimmed milk at retail in the UK
Milk is the largest source of iodine in UK diets and earlier studies showed organic summer and winter
milk to be significantly lower in iodine than conventional milk. One study also showed UHT milk to have
lower iodine concentration. The study on winter and UHT milk was small and accordingly a new study is
reported here involving conventional, organic and UHT semi-skimmed milk from four supermarkets over
a six-month period in summer and winter in two regions of the UK. The results showed organic milk to be
44% lower in iodine than conventional milk (427 vs. 241 mg/L, P < 0.001) and UHT milk was 27% lower in
iodine than conventional milk (427 vs. 314 mg/L, P < 0.001) although the differences tended to be less in
the summer. The results indicate that replacement of conventional milk by organic or UHT milk will
increase the risk of sub-optimal iodine status especially for pregnant/lactating women
Recommended from our members
Further studies on the iodine concentration of conventional, organic and UHT semi-skimmed milk at retail in the UK
Milk is the largest source of iodine in UK diets and earlier studies showed organic summer and winter
milk to be significantly lower in iodine than conventional milk. One study also showed UHT milk to have
lower iodine concentration. The study on winter and UHT milk was small and accordingly a new study is
reported here involving conventional, organic and UHT semi-skimmed milk from four supermarkets over
a six-month period in summer and winter in two regions of the UK. The results showed organic milk to be
44% lower in iodine than conventional milk (427 vs. 241 mg/L, P < 0.001) and UHT milk was 27% lower in
iodine than conventional milk (427 vs. 314 mg/L, P < 0.001) although the differences tended to be less in
the summer. The results indicate that replacement of conventional milk by organic or UHT milk will
increase the risk of sub-optimal iodine status especially for pregnant/lactating women
From problems in the North to the problematic North : Northern devolution through the lens of history
Current debates about Northern English cities and their role in national economic strategies cannot be read simply through the lens of contemporary politics. We therefore take the Northern Powerhouse as our starting point in a chapter which traces a long history of policy and planning discourses about the North of England. We use David Russell’s chronology of key historical moments in which Northern English cities hold a particular charge in cultural narratives of the nation to guide our analysis of contemporaneous tensions in debates about planning and governance. A focus on representations about the North of England over the course of the last two centuries reveals four interlocking themes: namely the role of London in directing debates about the North; a tension between political and spatial approaches to planning; the characterisation of cities in the North of England as intrinsically problematic places; and the continued issue of poverty in these cities
Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of cardiovascular death. The sequence of events that promote DVT remains obscure, largely as a result of the lack of an appropriate rodent model. We describe a novel mouse model of DVT which reproduces a frequent trigger and resembles the time course, histological features, and clinical presentation of DVT in humans. We demonstrate by intravital two-photon and epifluorescence microscopy that blood monocytes and neutrophils crawling along and adhering to the venous endothelium provide the initiating stimulus for DVT development. Using conditional mutants and bone marrow chimeras, we show that intravascular activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation via tissue factor (TF) derived from myeloid leukocytes causes the extensive intraluminal fibrin formation characteristic of DVT. We demonstrate that thrombus-resident neutrophils are indispensable for subsequent DVT propagation by binding factor XII (FXII) and by supporting its activation through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Correspondingly, neutropenia, genetic ablation of FXII, or disintegration of NETs each confers protection against DVT amplification. Platelets associate with innate immune cells via glycoprotein Ibα and contribute to DVT progression by promoting leukocyte recruitment and stimulating neutrophil-dependent coagulation. Hence, we identified a cross talk between monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets responsible for the initiation and amplification of DVT and for inducing its unique clinical features