Measurement of the F\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Structure Function in Deep Inelastic e\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3ep Scattering Using 1994 Data from the ZEUS Detector at HERA

We present measurements of the structure function F2 in e+p scattering at HERA in the range 3.5 GeV2 \u3c Q2 \u3c 5000 GeV2. A new reconstruction method has allowed a significant improvement in the resolution of the kinematic variables and an extension of the kinematic region covered by the experiment. At Q2 \u3c 35 GeV2 the range in x now spans 6.3 · 10-5 \u3c x \u3c 0.08 providing overlap with measurements from fixed target experiments. At values of Q2 above 1000 GeV2 the x range extends to 0.5. Systematic errors below 5% have been achieved for most of the kinematic region. The structure function rises as x decreases; the rise becomes more pronounced as Q2 increases. The behaviour of the structure function data is well described by next-to-leading order perturbative QCD as implemented in the DGLAP evolution equations. © Springer-Verlag 1996

A Search for Excited Fermions in e\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3ep Collisions at HERA

Using the ZEUS detector at HERA, we have searched for heavy excited states of electrons, neutrinos, and quarks in e+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 300 GeV. With an integrated luminosity of 9.4 pb-1, no evidence was found for electroweak production and decay of such states. Limits on the production cross section times branching ratio and on the characteristic couplings, f/Λ, are derived for masses up to 250 GeV. For the particular choice f/Λ = 1/Mf*, we exclude at the 95% confidence level excited electrons with mass between 30 and 200 GeV, excited electron neutrinos with mass between 40 and 96 GeV, and quarks excited electroweakly with mass between 40 and 169 GeV. © Springer-Verlag 1997

Measurement of the Diffractive Cross Section in Deep Inelastic Scattering Using ZEUS 1994 Data

The DIS diffractive cross section, dσdiffγ*p→XN/dMx, has been measured in the mass range Mx \u3c 15 GeV for γ*p c.m. energies 60 \u3c W \u3c 200 GeV and photon virtualities Q2 = 7 to 140 GeV2. For fixed Q2 and Mx, the diffractive cross section rises rapidly with W, dσdiffγ*p→X N (Mx, W, Q2)/dMx ∝ Wadiff with adiff = 0.507 ± 0.034 (stat) +0.155-0.046 (syst) corresponding to a t-averaged pomeron trajectory of ̄αℙ = 1.127 ± 0.009 (stat) +0.039-0.012 (syst) which is larger than ̄αℙ observed in hadron-hadron scattering. The W dependence of the diffractive cross section is found to be the same as that of the total cross section for scattering of virtual photons on protons. The data are consistent with the assumption that the diffractive structure function FD(3)2 factorizes according to cursive greek chiℙFD(3)2(cursive greek chiℙ, β, Q2) = (cursive greek chi0//cursive greek chiℙ)nFD(2)2(β, Q2). They are also consistent with QCD based models which incorporate factorization breaking. The rise of cursive greek chiℙFD(3)2 with decreasing cursive greek chiℙ and the weak dependence of FD(2)2 on Q2 suggest a substantial contribution from partonic interactions

Measurement of Jet Shapes in Photoproduction at HERA

The shape of jets produced in quasi-real photon-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies in the range 134-277 GeV has been measured using the hadronic energy flow. The measurement was done with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Jets are identified using a cone algorithm in the η - φ plane with a cone radius of one unit. Measured jet shapes both in inclusive jet and dijet production with transverse energies EjetT \u3e 14 GeV are presented. The jet shape broadens as the jet pseudorapidity (ηjet) increases and narrows as EjetT increases. In dijet photoproduction, the jet shapes have been measured separately for samples dominated by resolved and by direct processes. Leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo calculations of resolved and direct processes describe well the measured jet shapes except for the inclusive production of jets with high ηjet and low EjetT. The observed broadening of the jet shape as ηjet increases is consistent with the predicted increase in the fraction of final state gluon jets

Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in ep Collisions at 300 GeV Center of Mass Energy

Using the ZEUS detector at the HERA electron-proton collider, we have searched for lepton flavor violation in ep collisions at a center-of-mass energy (√s) of 300 GeV. Events of the type e + p → ℓ + X with a final-state lepton of high transverse momentum, ℓ = μ or τ, were sought. No evidence was found for lepton flavor violation in the combined 1993 and 1994 data samples, for which the integrated luminosities were 0.84 pb-1 for e-p collisions and 2.94 pb-1 for e+p collisions. Limits on coupling vs. mass are provided for leptoquarks and R-parity violating squarks. For flavor violating couplings of electromagnetic strength, we set 95% confidence level lower limits on leptoquark masses between 207 GeV and 272 GeV, depending on the leptoquark species and final-state lepton. For leptoquark masses larger than 300 GeV, limits on flavor-changing couplings are determined, many of which supersede prior limits from rare decay processes. © Springer-Verlag 1997

Comparison of ZEUS Data with Standard Model Predictions for e\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3ep → e\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3ex Scattering at High X and Q\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3e

Using the ZEUS detector at HERA, we have studied the reaction e+p → e+X for Q2 \u3e 5000 GeV2 with a 20.1 pb-1 data sample collected during the years 1994 to 1996. For Q2 below 15000 GeV2, the data are in good agreement with Standard Model expectations. For Q2 \u3e 35000 GeV2, two events are observed while 0.145 ± 0.013 events are expected. A statistical analysis of a large ensemble of simulated Standard Model experiments indicates that with probability 6.0%, an excess at least as unlikely as that observed would occur above some Q2 cut. For x \u3e 0.55 and y \u3e 0.25, four events are observed where 0.91 ± 0.08 events are expected. A statistical analysis of the two-dimensional distribution of the events in x and y yields a probability of 0.72% for the region x \u3e 0.55 and y \u3e 0.25 and a probability of 7.8% for the entire Q2 \u3e 5000 GeV2 data sample. The observed excess above Standard Model expectations is particularly interesting because it occurs in a previously unexplored kinematic region. © Springer-Verlag 1997

Measurement of Jet Shapes in High-Q\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3e Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

The shapes of jets with transverse energies, EjetT, up to 45 GeV produced in neutral- and charged-current deep inelastic e+p scattering (DIS) at Q2 \u3e 100 GeV2 have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Jets are identified using a cone algorithm in the η-φ plane with a cone radius of one unit. The jets become narrower as EjetT increases. The jet shapes in neutral- and charged-current DIS are found to be very similar. The jets in neutral-current DIS are narrower than those in resolved processes in photoproduction and closer to those in direct-photon processes for the same ranges in EjetT and jet pseudorapidity. The jet shapes in DIS are observed to be similar to those in e+e- interactions and narrower than those in p̄p collisions for comparable EjetT. Since the jets in e+e- interactions and e+p DIS are predominantly quark initiated in both cases, the similarity in the jet shapes indicates that the pattern of QCD radiation within a quark jet is to a large extent independent of the hard scattering process in these reactions

Measurement of the Diffractive Structure Function F\u3csup\u3eD(4)\u3c/sup\u3e\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e at HERA

This paper presents the first analysis of diffractive photon dissociation events in deep inelastic positron-proton scattering at HERA in which the proton in the final state is detected and its momentum measured. The events are selected by requiring a scattered proton in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer (LPS) with xL \u3e 0.97, where xL is the fraction of the incoming proton beam momentum carried by the scattered proton. The use of the LPS significantly reduces the contamination from events with diffractive dissociation of the proton into low mass states and allows a direct measurement of t, the square of the four-momentum exchanged at the proton vertex. The dependence of the cross section on t is measured in the interval 0.073 \u3c \t\ \u3c 0.4 GeV2 and is found to be described by an exponential shape with the slope parameter b = 7.2 ± 1.1(stat.)+0.7-0.9(syst.) GeV-2. The diffractive structure function FD(4)2 is presented as a function of xIP, ≃ 1 - xL and β, the momentum fraction of the struck quark with respect to xIP, and averaged over the t interval 0.073 \u3c \t\ \u3c 0.4 GeV2 and the photon virtuality range 5 \u3c Q2 \u3c 20 GeV2. In the kinematic range 4 x 10-4 \u3c xIP \u3c 0.03 and 0.015 \u3c β \u3c 0.5, the xIP dependence of FD(4)2 is fitted with a form (1/xIP)a , yielding a = 1.00 ± 0.09 (stat.)+0.11-0.05(syst.). Upon integration over t, the structure function FD(3)2 is determined in a kinematic range extending to higher xIP and lower β compared to our previous analysis; the results are discussed within the framework of Regge theory

Dijet Angular Distributions in Direct and Resolved Photoproduction at HERA

Jet photoproduction, where the two highest transverse energy (ETjet) jets have ETjet above 6 GeV and a jet-jet invariant mass above 23 GeV, has been studied with the ZEUS detector at the HERA ep collider. Resolved and direct photoproduction samples have been separated. The cross section as a function of the angle between the jet-jet axis and the beam direction in the dijet rest frame has been measured for the two samples. The measured angular distributions differ markedly from each other. They agree with the predictions of QCD calculations, where the different angular distributions reflect the different spins of the quark and gluon exchanged in the hard subprocess

Event Shape Analysis of Deep Inelastic Scattering Events with a Large Rapidity Gap at HERA

A global event shape analysis of the multihadronic final states observed in neutral current deep inelastic scattering events with a large rapidity gap with respect to the proton direction is presented. The analysis is performed in the range 5 ≤ Q2 ≤ 185 GeV2 and 160 ≤ W ≤ 250 GeV, where Q2 is the virtuality of the photon and W is the virtual-photon proton centre of mass energy. Particular emphasis is placed on the dependence of the shape variables, measured in the γ * -pomeron rest frame, on the mass of the hadronic final state, MX. With increasing MX the multihadronic final state becomes more collimated and planar. The experimental results are compared with several models which attempt to describe diffractive events. The broadening effects exhibited by the data require in these models a significant gluon component of the pomeron. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V