78 research outputs found
Elastic and plastic deformation of graphene, silicene, and boron nitride honeycomb nanoribbons under uniaxial tension: A first-principles density-functional theory study
This study of elastic and plastic deformation of graphene, silicene, and
boron nitride (BN) honeycomb nanoribbons under uniaxial tension determines
their elastic constants and reveals interesting features. In the course of
stretching in the elastic range, the electronic and magnetic properties can be
strongly modified. In particular, it is shown that the band gap of a specific
armchair nanoribbon is closed under strain and highest valance and lowest
conduction bands are linearized. This way, the massless Dirac fermion behavior
can be attained even in a semiconducting nanoribbon. Under plastic deformation,
the honeycomb structure changes irreversibly and offers a number of new
structures and functionalities. Cagelike structures, even suspended atomic
chains can be derived between two honeycomb flakes. Present work elaborates on
the recent experiments [C. Jin, H. Lan, L. Peng, K. Suenaga, and S. Iijima,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 205501 (2009)] deriving carbon chains from graphene.
Furthermore, the similar formations of atomic chains from BN and Si nanoribbons
are predicted.Comment: http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v81/i2/e02410
General form of the full electromagnetic Green function in materials physics
In this article, we present the general form of the full electromagnetic
Green function which is suitable for the application in bulk materials physics.
In particular, we show how the seven adjustable parameter functions of the free
Green function translate into seven corresponding parameter functions of the
full Green function. Furthermore, for both the fundamental response tensor and
the electromagnetic Green function, we discuss the reduction of the Dyson
equation on the four-dimensional Minkowski space to an equivalent,
three-dimensional Cartesian Dyson equation.Comment: consistent with published version in Chin. J. Phys. (2019
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Augmented Weighted Estimators Dealing with Practical Positivity Violation to Causal inferences in a Random Coefficient Model.
The inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimator can be used to make causal inferences under two assumptions: (1) no unobserved confounders (ignorability) and (2) positive probability of treatment and of control at every level of the confounders (positivity), but is vulnerable to bias if by chance, the proportion of the sample assigned to treatment, or proportion of control, is zero at certain levels of the confounders. We propose to deal with this sampling zero problem, also known as practical violation of the positivity assumption, in a setting where the observed confounder is cluster identity, i.e., treatment assignment is ignorable within clusters. Specifically, based on a random coefficient model assumed for the potential outcome, we augment the IPTW estimating function with the estimated potential outcomes of treatment (or of control) for clusters that have no observation of treatment (or control). If the cluster-specific potential outcomes are estimated correctly, the augmented estimating function can be shown to converge in expectation to zero and therefore yield consistent causal estimates. The proposed method can be implemented in the existing software, and it performs well in simulated data as well as with real-world data from a teacher preparation evaluation study
A First-Principles Study of Zinc Oxide Honeycomb Structures
We present a first-principles study of the atomic, electronic, and magnetic
properties of two-dimensional (2D), single and bilayer ZnO in honeycomb
structure and its armchair and zigzag nanoribbons. In order to reveal the
dimensionality effects, our study includes also bulk ZnO in wurtzite,
zincblende, and hexagonal structures. The stability of 2D ZnO, its nanoribbons
and flakes are analyzed by phonon frequency, as well as by finite temperature
ab initio molecular-dynamics calculations. 2D ZnO in honeycomb structure and
its armchair nanoribbons are nonmagnetic semiconductors but acquire net
magnetic moment upon the creation of zinc-vacancy defect. Zigzag ZnO
nanoribbons are ferromagnetic metals with spins localized at the oxygen atoms
at the edges and have high spin polarization at the Fermi level. However, they
change to nonmagnetic metal upon termination of their edges with hydrogen
atoms. From the phonon calculations, the fourth acoustical mode specified as
twisting mode is also revealed for armchair nanoribbon. Under tensile stress
the nanoribbons are deformed elastically maintaining honeycomblike structure
but yield at high strains. Beyond yielding point honeycomblike structure
undergo a structural change and deform plastically by forming large polygons.
The variation in the electronic and magnetic properties of these nanoribbons
have been examined under strain. It appears that plastically deformed
nanoribbons may offer a new class of materials with diverse properties.Comment: http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v80/i23/e23511
Structural Decompositions for Problems with Global Constraints
A wide range of problems can be modelled as constraint satisfaction problems
(CSPs), that is, a set of constraints that must be satisfied simultaneously.
Constraints can either be represented extensionally, by explicitly listing
allowed combinations of values, or implicitly, by special-purpose algorithms
provided by a solver.
Such implicitly represented constraints, known as global constraints, are
widely used; indeed, they are one of the key reasons for the success of
constraint programming in solving real-world problems. In recent years, a
variety of restrictions on the structure of CSP instances have been shown to
yield tractable classes of CSPs. However, most such restrictions fail to
guarantee tractability for CSPs with global constraints. We therefore study the
applicability of structural restrictions to instances with such constraints.
We show that when the number of solutions to a CSP instance is bounded in key
parts of the problem, structural restrictions can be used to derive new
tractable classes. Furthermore, we show that this result extends to
combinations of instances drawn from known tractable classes, as well as to CSP
instances where constraints assign costs to satisfying assignments.Comment: The final publication is available at Springer via
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10601-015-9181-
Using Magic in Computing Education and Outreach
This special session explores the use of magic tricks based on computer science ideas; magic tricks help grab students\u27 attention and can motivate them to invest more deeply in underlying CS concepts. Error detection ideas long used by computer scientists provide a particularly rich basis for working such magic\u27\u27, with a CS Unplugged parity check activity being a notable example. Prior work has shown that one can perform much more sophisticated tricks than the relatively well-known CS Unplugged activity, and these tricks can motivate analyses across a wide variety of computer science concepts and are relevant to learning objectives across grade levels from 2nd grade through graduate school. These tricks have piqued the interest of past audiences and have been performed with the aid of online implementations; this conference session will demonstrate enhanced implementations used to illuminate the underlying concepts rather than just to perform the tricks. The audience will participate in puzzling out how to apply relevant concepts as we work through a scaffolded series of tricks centering on error detection and correction. The implementations also provide a useful model for incorporating greater interaction than is typically found in current innovative online interactive textbooks. In addition, they are samples for possible programming assignments that can motivate students using CS Unplugged activities to actively pursue deep programming experiences
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