8,902 research outputs found
Comparison of Hadronic Interaction Models at Auger Energies
The three hadronic interaction models DPMJET 2.55, QGSJET 01, and SIBYLL 2.1,
implemented in the air shower simulation program CORSIKA, are compared in the
energy range of interest for the Pierre Auger experiment. The model dependence
of relevant quantities in individual hadronic interactions and air showers is
investigated.Comment: Contribution to XII Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray
Interactions, 4 pages, 8 figure
An Institutional Framework for Heterogeneous Formal Development in UML
We present a framework for formal software development with UML. In contrast
to previous approaches that equip UML with a formal semantics, we follow an
institution based heterogeneous approach. This can express suitable formal
semantics of the different UML diagram types directly, without the need to map
everything to one specific formalism (let it be first-order logic or graph
grammars). We show how different aspects of the formal development process can
be coherently formalised, ranging from requirements over design and Hoare-style
conditions on code to the implementation itself. The framework can be used to
verify consistency of different UML diagrams both horizontally (e.g.,
consistency among various requirements) as well as vertically (e.g.,
correctness of design or implementation w.r.t. the requirements)
Using preference based measures in mental health conditions: The psychometric validity of the EQ-5D and SF-6D
The hot and cold interstellar matter of early type galaxies and their radio emission
Over the last few years, the knowledge of the interstellar matter (ISM) of early type galaxies has increased dramatically. Many early type galaxies are now known to have ISM in three different phases: cold (neutral hydrogen (HI), dust and molecular material), warm (ionized) and hot (S-ray emitting) gas. Early type galaxies have smaller masses of cold ISM (10 to the 7th power - 10 to the 8th power solar mass; Jura et al. 1987) than later type spiral galaxies, while they have far more hot gas (10 to the 9th power - 10 to the tenth power solar mass; Forman et al. 1985, Canizares et al. 1987). In order to understand the relationship between the different phases of the ISM and the role of the ISM in fueling radio continuum sources and star formation, researchers compared observational data from a wide range of wavelengths
Developing the evidence base for adult social care practice: The NIHR School for Social Care Research
In a foreword to 'Shaping the Future of Care Together', Prime Minister Gordon Brown says that a care and support system reflecting the needs of our times and meeting our rising aspirations is achievable, but 'only if we are prepared to rise to the challenge of radical reform'. A number of initiatives will be needed to meet the challenge of improving social care for the growing older population. Before the unveiling of the green paper, The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) announced that it has provided 15m pounds over a five-year period to establish the NIHR School for Social Care Research. The School's primary aim is to conduct or commission research that will help to improve adult social care practice in England. The School is seeking ideas for research topics, outline proposals for new studies and expert advice in developing research methods
Calculations for Mirror Symmetry with D-branes
We study normal functions capturing D-brane superpotentials on several one-
and two-parameter Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces and complete intersections in
weighted projective space. We calculate in the B-model and interpret the
results using mirror symmetry in the large volume regime, albeit without
identifying the precise A-model geometry in all cases. We identify new classes
of extensions of Picard-Fuchs equations, as well as a novel type of topology
changing phase transition involving quantum D-branes. A 4-d domain wall which
is obtained in one region of closed string moduli space from wrapping a
four-chain interpolating between two Lagrangian submanifolds is, for other
values of the parameters, represented by a disk ending on a single Lagrangian.Comment: 42 page
Decomposition of time-covariant operations on quantum systems with continuous and/or discrete energy spectrum
Every completely positive map G that commutes which the Hamiltonian time
evolution is an integral or sum over (densely defined) CP-maps G_\sigma where
\sigma is the energy that is transferred to or taken from the environment. If
the spectrum is non-degenerated each G_\sigma is a dephasing channel followed
by an energy shift. The dephasing is given by the Hadamard product of the
density operator with a (formally defined) positive operator. The Kraus
operator of the energy shift is a partial isometry which defines a translation
on R with respect to a non-translation-invariant measure.
As an example, I calculate this decomposition explicitly for the rotation
invariant gaussian channel on a single mode.
I address the question under what conditions a covariant channel destroys
superpositions between mutually orthogonal states on the same orbit. For
channels which allow mutually orthogonal output states on the same orbit, a
lower bound on the quantum capacity is derived using the Fourier transform of
the CP-map-valued measure (G_\sigma).Comment: latex, 33 pages, domains of unbounded operators are now explicitly
specified. Presentation more detailed. Implementing the shift after the
dephasing is sometimes more convenien
The effectiveness of paid services in supporting carers' employment in England
This paper explores the effectiveness of paid services in supporting unpaid carers’ employment in England. There is currently a new emphasis in England on ‘replacement care’, or paid services for the cared-for person, as a means of supporting working carers. The international evidence on the effectiveness of paid services as a means of supporting carers’ employment is inconclusive and does not relate specifically to England. The study reported here explores this issue using the 2009/10 Personal Social Services Survey of Adult Carers in England. The study finds a positive association between carers’ employment and receipt of paid services by the cared-for person, controlling for covariates. It therefore gives support to the hypothesis that services for the cared-for person are effective in supporting carers’ employment. Use of home care and a personal assistant are associated on their own with the employment of both men and women carers, while use of day care and meals-on-wheels are associated specifically with women’s employment. Use of short-term breaks are associated with carers’ employment when combined with other services. The paper supports the emphasis in English social policy on paid services as a means of supporting working carers, but questions the use of the term ‘replacement care’ and the emphasis on ‘the market’
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