666 research outputs found
The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins Ccp1 and Ccp2 are required for long-term growth, but are not necessary for efficient photosynthesis, in a low-CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e environment
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimates to a low-CO2 environment by modifying the expression of a number of messages. Many of the genes that increase in abundance during acclimation to low-CO2 are under the control of the putative transcription factor Cia5. C. reinhardtii mutants null for cia5 do not express several of the known low-CO2 inducible genes and do not grow in a low-CO2 environment. Two of the genes under the control of Cia5, Ccp1 and Ccp2, encode polypeptides that are localized to the chloroplast envelope and have a high degree of similarity to members of the mitochondrial carrier family of proteins. Since their discovery, Ccp1/2 have been candidates for bicarbonate uptake proteins of the chloroplast envelope membrane. In this report, RNA interference was successful in dramatically decreasing the abundance of the mRNAs for Ccp1 and Ccp2. The abundance of the Ccp1 and Ccp2 proteins were also reduced in the RNAi strains. The RNAi strains grew slower than WT in a low-CO2 environment, but did not exhibit a mutant carbon concentrating phenotype as determined by the cells\u27 apparent affinity for dissolved inorganic carbon. Possible explanations of this RNAi phenotype are discussed
Beings in their own right? Exploring Children and young people's sibling and twin relationships in the Minority World
This paper examines the contributions that the sociological study of sibship and twinship in the Minority World can make to childhood studies. It argues that, in providing one forum within which to explore children and young people's social relationships, we can add to our understanding of children and young people's interdependence and develop a more nuanced understanding of agency. As emergent subjects, children, young people and adults are in a process of âbecomingâ. However, this does not mean that they can âbecomeâ anything they choose to. The notion of negotiated interdependence (Punch 2002) is useful in helping us to grasp the contingent nature of children and young people's agency
Using evolutionary demography to link life history theory, quantitative genetics and population ecology
1. There is a growing number of empirical reports of environmental change simultaneously influencing population dynamics, life history and quantitative characters. We do not have a well-developed understanding of links between the dynamics of these quantities
Understanding childrenâs constructions of meanings about other children: implications for inclusiveeducation
This paper explores the factors that influence the way children construct meanings about other children, and especially those who seem to experience marginalisation, within school contexts. The research involved an ethnographic study in a primary school in Cyprus over a period of 5 months. Qualitative methods were used, particularly participant observations and interviews with children. Interpretation of the data suggests that children's perceptions about other children, and especially those who come to experience marginalisation, are influenced by the following factors: other children and the interactions between them; adultsâ way of behaving in the school; the existing structures within the school; and the cultures of the school and the wider educational context. Even though the most powerful factor was viewed to be the adultsâ influence, it was rather the interweaving between different factors that seemed to lead to the creation of particular meanings for other children. In the end, it is argued that children's voices should be seen as an essential element within the process of developing inclusive practices.<br/
Young people today: news media, policy and youth justice
The new sociology of childhood sees children as competent social agents with important contributions to make. And yet the phase of childhood is fraught with tensions and contradictions. Public policies are required, not only to protect children, but also to control them and regulate their behaviour. For children and young people in the UK, youth justice has become increasingly punitive. At the same time, social policies have focused more on children's inclusion and participation. In this interplay of conflict and contradictions, the role the media play is critical in contributing to the moral panic about childhood and youth. In this article, we consider media representations of âantisocialâ children and young people and how this belies a moral response to the nature of contemporary childhood. We conclude by considering how a rights-based approach might help redress the moralised politics of childhood representations in the media
Changes in organic carbon to clay ratios in different soils and land uses in England and Wales over time
Realistic targets for soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations are needed, accounting for differences between soils and land uses. We assess the use of SOC/clay ratio for this purpose by comparing changes over time in (a) the National Soil Inventory of England and Wales, first sampled in 1978â1983 and resampled in 1994â2003, and (b) two long-term experiments under ley-arable rotations on contrasting soils in the East of England. The results showed that normalising for clay concentration provides a more meaningful separation between land uses than changes in SOC alone. Almost half of arable soils in the NSI had degraded SOC/clay ratios (â1/8, respectively. Given the wide range of soils and land uses across England and Wales in the datasets used to test these targets, they should apply across similar temperate regions globally, and at national to sub-regional scales.Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC): BBS/E/C/000I0310 and BBS/E/C/000 J0300. Lawes Agricultural Trus
Child-Led Research, Childrenâs Rights and Childhood Studies: a Defence
Recent articles by Kim and Hammersley have critiqued, respectively: the methodological and normative assumptions that underlie research âbyâ children; claims made about the implications of childrenâs rights for the ethics of research with children; and more broadly, some of the central commitments of Childhood Studies. This paper offers a response to these critiques, seeking to distinguish between those that clearly should be accepted, those that appear to be based on a misreading of the claims being made by scholars and researchers, and those that represent serious challenges to defend, redefine or rethink our aims, claims or
practices
Damping mechanisms of the Delta resonance in nuclei
The damping mechanisms of the Delta(1232) resonance in nuclei are studied by
analyzing the quasi-free decay reactions 12C(pi+,pi+ p)11B and 12C(3He,t pi+
p)11B and the 2p emission reactions 12C(pi+,pp)10B and 12C(3He,t pp)10B. The
coincidence cross sections are calculated within the framework of the
isobar-hole model. It is found that the 2p emission process induced by the
decay of the Delta resonance in the nucleus can be consistently described by a
pi+rho+g' model for the Delta+N -> N+N decay interaction.Comment: 9 pages, 5 Postscript figures, uses RevTex, psfig.sty. Accepted by
Physical Review
Postcopulatory sexual selection
The female reproductive tract is where competition between the sperm of different males takes place, aided and abetted by the female herself. Intense postcopulatory sexual selection fosters inter-sexual conflict and drives rapid evolutionary change to generate a startling diversity of morphological, behavioural and physiological adaptations. We identify three main issues that should be resolved to advance our understanding of postcopulatory sexual selection. We need to determine the genetic basis of different male fertility traits and female traits that mediate sperm selection; identify the genes or genomic regions that control these traits; and establish the coevolutionary trajectory of sexes
Light Hadron Masses from Lattice QCD
This article reviews lattice QCD results for the light hadron spectrum. We
give an overview of different formulations of lattice QCD, with discussions on
the fermion doubling problem and improvement programs. We summarize recent
developments in algorithms and analysis techniques, that render calculations
with light, dynamical quarks feasible on present day computer resources.
Finally, we summarize spectrum results for ground state hadrons and resonances
using various actions.Comment: 53 pages, 24 figures, one table; Rev.Mod.Phys. (published version);
v2: corrected typ
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