Aerodynamic challenges of ALT

The approach and landing test (ALT) of the Space Shuttle Orbiter presented a number of unique challenges in the area of aerodynamics. The purpose of the ALT program was both to confirm the use of the Boeing 747 as a transport vehicle for ferrying the Orbiter across the country and to demonstrate the flight characteristics of the Orbiter in its approach and landing phase. Concerns for structural fatigue and performance dictated a tailcone be attached to the Orbiter for ferry and for the initial landing tests. The Orbiter with a tailcone attached presented additional challenges to the normal aft sting concept of wind tunnel testing. The landing tests required that the Orbiter be separated from the 747 at approximately 20,000 feet using aerodynamic forces to fly the vehicles apart. The concept required a complex test program to determine the relative effects of the two vehicles on each other. Also of concern, and tested, was the vortex wake created by the 747 and the means for the Orbiter to avoid it following separation

Delineation of geological problems for use in urban planning

Activities of the University of Alabama in support of state and local planning commissions are reported. Demonstrations were given of the various types of remotely sensed images available from U-2, Skylab, and LANDSAT; and their uses and limitations were discussed. Techniques to be used in determining flood prone areas were provided for environmental studies. A rapid, inexpensive method for study was developed by which imagery is copied on 35 mm film and projected on existing topographic maps for measuring delta volume and growth

It's OK not to be OK: Shared Reflections from two PhD Parents in a Time of Pandemic

Adopting an intersectional feminist lens, we explore our identities as single and co‐parents thrust into the new reality of the UK COVID‐19 lockdown. As two PhD students, we present shared reflections on our intersectional and divergent experiences of parenting and our attempts to protect our work and families during a pandemic. We reflect on the social constructions of ‘masculinities’ and ‘emphasized femininities’ as complicated influence on our roles as parents. Finally, we highlight the importance of time and self‐care as ways of managing our shared realities during this uncertain period. Through sharing reflections, we became closer friends in mutual appreciation and solidarity as we learned about each other’s struggles and vulnerabilities

One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Simulations of Helical Homopolymers: A Comparative Analysis of Energy Stabilization and Efficiency

The purpose of our work is to analyze the results of a two-dimensional parallel tempering simulation of a coarse-grained helical homopolymer. We aim to measure the efficiency of the simulation and apply this efficiency to the theoretical protein free energy landscape.The stable states for helical homopolymers will be analyzed using the folding funnel theory of free energy landscapes for given polymer configurations. The genesis of each simulation is defined by a randomly configured polymer; as time progresses, the energy of each structure decreases until equilibrium is reached. Data collected after equilibrium is reached is used to understand polymer behavior for each model and simulated temperature. A rolling average algorithm has been designed to establish the time step at which energy stabilization is reached for each model. The simulation is considered to be stable when the rolling average of the energy is within a set fraction of the standard deviation of the rolling window based on the standard deviation and mean of previous windows. Efficiency and equilibration time of the 1D and 2D simulations are compared to determine the value of the two dimensional exchange scheme and analyze the free energy landscape of the polymer configuration

Kiwi talent flow : a study of chartered accountants and business professionals overseas

New Zealanders have always had a propensity to travel overseas. The globalisation of the world has seen an increase in the number of people who, having completed their education and gained some work experience, set off on their overseas experience. Concern has been expressed as to the potential “brain drain” that would result should these well-educated and talented citizens remain overseas permanently. This research considers the propensity to return of over 1,500 expatriate Kiwis working in the areas of accounting and finance. It examines their demographics, attitudes, values, motivations, factors of attraction to, and repulsion from, New Zealand and their concerns for change in New Zealand. It therefore provides insights into the nature and purpose of this significant group of professionals resident mainly in the United Kingdom and Australia. We find that less than half are likely to return to New Zealand. This is because of the lack of career and business opportunities despite the “pull” of family and relations in New Zealand

Gas gun shock experiments with single-pulse x-ray phase contrast imaging and diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source

The highly transient nature of shock loading and pronounced microstructure effects on dynamic materials response call for {\it in situ}, temporally and spatially resolved, x-ray-based diagnostics. Third-generation synchrotron x-ray sources are advantageous for x-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) and diffraction under dynamic loading, due to their high photon energy, high photon fluxes, high coherency, and high pulse repetition rates. The feasibility of bulk-scale gas gun shock experiments with dynamic x-ray PCI and diffraction measurements was investigated at the beamline 32ID-B of the Advanced Photon Source. The x-ray beam characteristics, experimental setup, x-ray diagnostics, and static and dynamic test results are described. We demonstrate ultrafast, multiframe, single-pulse PCI measurements with unprecedented temporal ($<$100 ps) and spatial ($\sim$2 $\mu$m) resolutions for bulk-scale shock experiments, as well as single-pulse dynamic Laue diffraction. The results not only substantiate the potential of synchrotron-based experiments for addressing a variety of shock physics problems, but also allow us to identify the technical challenges related to image detection, x-ray source, and dynamic loading

THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING PRE-KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS TO USE SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO INCREASE AT-RISK STUDENTS’ OPPORTUNITIES TO RESPOND TO LITERACY PROMPTS

Students with risk factors such as disability and poverty are at greatest risk for developing reading problems in school, and these reading deficits begin prior to kindergarten. Therefore, it is critical for teachers to address early language and literacy skills in pre-kindergarten (Pre-K) for all students, especially those who are at risk. Frequent opportunities for student responding (OTR) during language and literacy instruction has the potential to increase student engagement and ultimately improve academic achievement. However, evidence suggests that teachers do not elicit OTR at sufficient levels. One way to improve quality of literacy instruction is to train teachers to increase OTR. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of training teachers in self-management strategies to increase their rate of OTR during language and literacy instruction, and to measure the impact on student responding and students’ language and literacy growth. A multiple-baseline design across four Pre-K teachers was used to evaluate the degree of change in teachers’ OTR, students’ responding, and students’ language and literacy skills. Results indicated that brief teacher training in OTR and self-management strategies increased teacher initiated OTR during whole group instruction. Student responding also increased during the intervention phase for three out of four teachers. Student mean alphabet knowledge increased for students in all four teachers’ classrooms and impact was not demonstrated on vocabulary knowledge measures. Threats to internal validity impacted findings related to student outcomes. Implications for professional development practice and future research are discussed

Three-Dimensional Mechanics of Yakutat Convergence in the Southern Alaskan Plate Corner

Three-dimensional numerical models are used to investigate the mechanical evolution of the southern Alaskan plate corner where the Yakutat and the Pacific plates converge on the North American plate. The evolving model plate boundary consists of Convergent, Lateral, and Subduction subboundaries with flow separation of incoming material into upward or downward trajectories forming dual, nonlinear advective thermal/mechanical anomalies that fix the position of major subaerial mountain belts. The model convergent subboundary evolves into two teleconnected orogens: Inlet and Outlet orogens form at locations that correspond with the St. Elias and the Central Alaska Range, respectively, linked to the East by the Lateral boundary. Basins form parallel to the orogens in response to the downward component of velocity associated with subduction. Strain along the Lateral subboundary varies as a function of orogen rheology and magnitude and distribution of erosion. Strain-dependent shear resistance of the plate boundary associated with the shallow subduction zone controls the position of the Inlet orogen. The linkages among these plate boundaries display maximum shear strain rates in the horizontal and vertical planes where the Lateral subboundary joins the Inlet and Outlet orogens. The location of the strain maxima shifts with time as the separation of the Inlet and Outlet orogens increases. The spatiotemporal predictions of the model are consistent with observed exhumation histories deduced from thermochronology, as well as stratigraphic studies of synorogenic deposits. In addition, the complex structural evolution of the St Elias region is broadly consistent with the predicted strain field evolution. Citation: Koons, P. O., B. P. Hooks, T. Pavlis, P. Upton, and A. D. Barker (2010), Three-dimensional mechanics of Yakutat convergence in the southern Alaskan plate corner, Tectonics, 29, TC4008, doi: 10.1029/2009TC002463

Faculty members engaging in transformative PETE: a feminist perspective

The purpose of this study was to describe sport pedagogy faculty members’ (FMs) efforts at engaging in transformative physical education teacher education (T-PETE). T-PETE stresses the importance of FMs creating social change through their pedagogical approach and begins by asking preservice teachers (PTs) to reflect on their perspectives and practices (Tinning, 2017 Tinning, R. (2017). Transformative pedagogies and physical education. In C. Ennis (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of physical education pedagogies (pp. 295–306). New York: Taylor & Francis. [Google Scholar]. Transformative pedagogies and physical education. In C. Ennis (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of physical education pedagogies (pp. 295–306). New York: Taylor & Francis; Ukpokodu, 2009. The practice of transformative pedagogy. Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 20(2), 43–67.). Participants were three white, female, able-bodied, lesbian/gay sport pedagogy FMs. The study was conducted in the United States. Feminist theory and feminist pedagogy drove data collection and analysis. Data were collected by employing a series of qualitative methods. An inductive and deductive analysis revealed that FMs had specific T-PETE goals, content, and pedagogies. Furthermore, several factors served to facilitate and limit the FMs’ effectiveness when engaging in T-PETE. The findings suggest that program-wide PETE reform is necessary in the United States for creating social change, and influencing PTs perspectives and practices. In addition, they suggest that American PETE programs might benefit from greater diversity among the FMs who staff them