Researching of the problem of solution automation of software systems compatibility

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017.During software development is often a lack of backward compatibility between different versions of software components. It will lead to: violation of the ecosystem that is built around this software component, uncoupling community of programmers who use this software in their projects, which entails the general slowdown in the implementation of projects related to this ecosystem and the development of the ecosystem itself; the use in the development of software components that are absolute, which in turn entails problems with safety; the economic costs, during the implementation of a software system migration to a new version of the software component

To the memory of Rustem Makhmutovich Nureev: review of works on economic theory, sectoral economy management and other directions

Objective: to review the scientific contribution of Rustem Makhmutovich Nureyev to the Russian economics; to determine the best practices and life position of R. M. Nureyev which enabled him to leave a deep mark in economics.Methods: retrospective scientific-bibliographic analysis, abstract-logical, monographic methods.Results: the main results of Rustem Makhmutovich Nureyev’s scientific activity were listed; the most significant works were described that allowed him, in the authors’ opinion, to receive all-Russian and world recognition. The works are conditionally divided into two groups: popular works in the field of economic theory and modern significant works.Scientific novelty: the main stages and achievements of Rustem Makhmutovich Nureyev’s scientific activity are noted, as well as the impressions of the authors formed in the process of working with him.Practical significance: the review will help to get acquainted with the scientific contribution of R. M. Nureyev to the Russian science

Verbalization of Patient-Centered Approach (Based on Medical Consultations with Cancer Patients)

The article is devoted to the study of doctor-patient verbal interaction, carried out in line with the patient-centered approach. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify the linguistic means used to organize the doctor-patient verbal interaction and to develop in the patient conscious desire to be involved in the treatment process. It is noted that giving the patient greater autonomy in the decision-making process regarding medical treatment methods, the doctor is expected to have the communication skills to structure the text of the conversation and to provide the information in a perception-friendly sequence. The object of the study is medical consultations with cancer patients. The purpose of the study is to identify structural components of the dialogues that include linguistic means aimed to verbalize the patient-centered approach. Authentic Russian-language medical consultations with low-risk prostate cancer patients served as the empirical material. The article presents a comparative analysis of approaches to structuring medical consultations based on Russian, English and German languages; identified structural components aimed to inform the patient in accordance with the patient-centered approach, and the examples of their verbal design. The paper draws conclusions about the semantic and linguistic content of the structural components that help to attract the patient to conscious participation in communication and treatment

A New Approach for Split Renal Function Assessment Based on 3D-Models Generated from Contrast-enhanced Multi-slice Computed Tomography (Msct) Scans and Mathematical Analysis: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Instrumental methods of examination may alter the course of treatment and patients’ management: from minimally invasive nephron-sparing procedures to radical operations. Objective:to present preliminary data on split kidney function assessment (in a kidney volume, e.g. segment) in patients with urological diseases.Materials and methods: A prospective study was launched in aResearch Institute for Uronephrology and Reproductive Health from November, 2015 to February, 2017. 31 patients were enrolled into the study: 15 with stone kidney disease, 2 with kidney anomalies, 14 with renal tumors. Contrast-enhanced CT with 3D-models andmathematical analysis were performed in all patients. Correlation between CT-based and renal scintigraphy-based measures of split renal function was estimated. Results: CT-based methods for the calculation of split renal function with 3D-models showed correlation with renal scintigraphy (p<0.004, ttest). Conclusion: A new approach for split kidney function assessment based on contrast-enhanced CT with 3D-models and mathematical analysis allows for both acquiring detailed data on clinical anatomy and evaluation of renal function to promote preoperative decision-making

Recent advances in transurethral resection of bladder tumors

Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is a standard procedure in bladder cancer management. TURBT has two main goals: to resect completely all the tumor lesions in healthy tissues and to provide high-quality specimen to facilitate accurate diagnosis. To achieve these goals, urologists make use of several options to maximize the efficiency of the procedure. To make tumor detection as effective as possible, the European Association of Urology guidelines recommend using enhanced visualization methods such as photodynamic diagnostics (PDD) and narrow-band imaging (NBI). Novel en bloc technique enables one to provide specimens of a higher quality and to increase recurrence-free survival. Also, the use of new energy sources such as lasers helps to decrease bleeding and prevent several complications after TURBT, e.g., obturator nerve reflex and bladder perforation. This article summarizes the options available to enhance the TURBT procedure and reports on the latest data on their feasibility for clinical practice

Influence of hadronic interaction models and the cosmic ray spectrum on the high energy atmospheric muon and neutrino flux

The recent observations of muon charge ratio up to about 10 TeV and of atmospheric neutrinos up to energies of about 400 TeV has triggered a renewed interest into the high-energy interaction models and cosmic ray primary composition. A reviewed calculation of lepton spectra produced in cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers is carried out with a primary cosmic-ray spectrum that fits the latest direct measurements below the knee. In order to achieve this, we used a full Monte Carlo method to derive the inclusive differential spectra (yields) of muons, muon neutrinos and electron neutrinos at the surface for energies between 80 GeV and hundreds of PeV. The air shower simulator {\sc corsika} 6.990 was used for showering and propagation of the secondary particles through the atmosphere, employing the established high-energy hadronic interaction models {\sc sibyll} 2.1, {\sc qgsjet-01} and {\sc qgsjet-ii 03}. We show that the performance of the interaction models allows makes it possible to predict the spectra within experimental uncertainties, while {\sc sibyll} generally yields a higher flux at the surface than the qgsjet models. The calculation of the flavor and charge ratios has lead to inconsistent results, mainly influenced by the different representations of the K/$\pi$ ratio within the models. Furthermore, we could quantify systematic uncertainties of atmospheric muon- and neutrino fluxes, associated to the models of the primary cosmic-ray spectrum and the interaction models. For most recent parametrizations of the cosmic-ray primary spectrum, atmospheric muons can be determined with an uncertainty smaller than $^{+15}_{-13}$% of the average flux. Uncertainties of the muon- and electron neutrino fluxes can be calculated within an average error of $^{+32}_{-22}$% and $^{+25}_{-19}$%, respectively.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, version 2 includes analytic approximatio

The Microstructure and Strength of UFG 6060 alloy after superplastic deformation at a lower homologous temperature

The paper reports on the features of low-temperature superplasticity of the heat-treatable aluminum Al-Mg-Si alloy in the ultrafine-grained state at temperatures below 0.5 times the melting point as well as on its post-deformation microstructure and tensile strengt

Muon-Induced Background Study for Underground Laboratories

We provide a comprehensive study of the cosmic-ray muon flux and induced activity as a function of overburden along with a convenient parameterization of the salient fluxes and differential distributions for a suite of underground laboratories ranging in depth from $\sim$1 to 8 km.w.e.. Particular attention is given to the muon-induced fast neutron activity for the underground sites and we develop a Depth-Sensitivity-Relation to characterize the effect of such background in experiments searching for WIMP dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay.Comment: 18 pages, 28 figure

Retrospective analysis of prostate cancer detection using mpMR/US-fusion and cognitive biopsy

Introduction. Transrectal biopsy under US-control has been standard diagnostic method for prostate cancer (PCa) detection for over 30 years. However, TRUS-guided biopsy is not without well-known drawbacks. MR-targeted biopsy methods were proposed to eliminate the drawbacks and improve detection rate of clinically significant Pca. Cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies have become the most widely used MR-targeted biopsies. However, there are contradictory data on detection of clinically significant Pca when comparing mpMR/US-fusion and cognitive biopsies.Objective. To compare the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer performing cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies.Materials and methods. Inclusion criteria: PSA > 2.0 ng/ml and/or a positive DRE, and/or a suspicious lesion on TRUS, and PI-RADSv2.1 score ≥ 3. The outcomes evaluated are the detection of clinically significant Pca (ISUP ≥ 2), the overall PСa detection, the detection of clinically insignificant Pca, histological yield (proportion of positive cores, maximum cancer core length).Results. Retrospective data analysis was performed: cognitive biopsy was performed in 102 patients and mpMR/US-fusion biopsy in 176 patients. The median age was 63 years, prostate volume 46 cc. The median PSA was 6.4 ng/ml in the mpMR/US-fusion and 6.7 ng/ml in the cognitive biopsy group. MpMR/US-fusion and cognitive biopsies were comparable about the detection rate of clinically significant (30.3% vs 25.0%; p=0.329) and overall Pca detection rate (50.5% and 42.1%; p = 0.176). It was detected to be less clinically insignificant Pca in the cognitive biopsy group (11.8% vs. 25.5%; p = 0.007).  The proportion of positive cores (30.5% and 29.5% respectively; p = 0.754) and maximum cancer core length (6.6 mm vs 7.6 mm; p = 0.320) were equal when comparing cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies. The proportion of positive cores with clinically significant Pca was higher in the cognitive biopsy group (18.6% vs 13.1%; p = 0.029).Conclusion. Both cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies are equally accurate for clinically significant Pca detection. Therefore, cognitive biopsy may be an alternative to mpMR/US-fusion biopsy in hospitals where mpMR/US-fusion technology is not currently available

On inconsistency of experimental data on primary nuclei spectra with sea level muon intensity measurements

For the first time a complete set of the most recent direct data on primary cosmic ray spectra is used as input into calculations of muon flux at sea level in wide energy range $E_\mu=1-3\cdot10^5$ GeV. Computations have been performed with the CORSIKA/QGSJET and CORSIKA/VENUS codes. The comparison of the obtained muon intensity with the data of muon experiments shows, that measurements of primary nuclei spectra conform to sea level muon data only up to several tens of GeV and result in essential deficit of muons at higher energies. As it follows from our examination, uncertainties in muon flux measurements and in the description of nuclear cascades development are not suitable to explain this contradiction, and the only remaining factor, leading to this situation, is underestimation of primary light nuclei fluxes. We have considered systematic effects, that may distort the results of the primary cosmic ray measurements with the application of the emulsion chambers. We suggest, that re-examination of these measurements is required with the employment of different hadronic interaction models. Also, in our point of view, it is necessary to perform estimates of possible influence of the fact, that sizable fraction of events, identified as protons, actually are antiprotons. Study of these cosmic ray component begins to attract much attention, but today nothing definite is known for the energies $>40$ GeV. In any case, to realize whether the mentioned, or some other reasons are the sources of disagreement of the data on primaries with the data on muons, the indicated effects should be thoroughly analyzed