Parental Perception of Changes in Family Functioning From Late Pregnancy to Early Parenthood

This study was designed to identify whether changes occur in parental perception of family functioning from the third trimester of pregnancy to the early postpartum period. A secondary purpose was to compare maternal and paternal perception of family functioning. Subjects were middle class, primarily Caucasian, married couples attending childbirth preparation classes in a midwestern community. The Feetham Family Functioning Survey was used in data collection. This instrument measures the relationship between the family and individual members (Factor I), the subsystem (Factor II), and broader units within the community (Factor III). In testing the first null hypothesis, that there would be no significant change in family functioning from pregnancy to postpartum period, t tests for repeated measures were done. For the men, there were no significant differences in their perceptions about the family. There were significant changes in the women's perception of family functioning for Factor I (relationship with the individual members) and Factor III (the community relationships) and for the overall family functioning score. The second null hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference between maternal and paternal perception of family functioning in the postpartum period, controlling for pregnancy scores. Analysis of covariance was used to test this hypothesis and no significant differences were found, thus supporting the null hypothesis. Implications for maternal-child nursing practice are discussed

STUDIES ON MEMBRANE-BOUND RECEPTORS FOR ANTIGEN : PREPARATION OF POPULATIONS OF RECEPTOR-DEPLETED LYMPHOCYTES

The effect of polyadenylic: polyundylic acid complexes (poly A:U) on the amount of antibody on the surface of various populations of mouse lymphoid cells has been investigated by means of a sensitive measure of such activity—the binding by primed cell populations of β-galactosidase (βGZ) as an antigen. The sensitivity derives from the liberation of fluorescein from an artificial substrate, fluorescein-di-β-galactopyranoside (FDβG). After incubation with 100 ng/ml of poly A:U, only 40% of the cells previously showing antigen-binding were still active. The optimum range of activity lay between 0.01–1.0 µg/ml poly A:U. Such cells showed increased RNA and protein synthesis as indicated by [3H]uridine and [14C]amino acid incorporation. The polynucleotide effect was abolished by incubation of the cells with sodium azide or iodoacetate, but not by puromycin. When the proteins on the cell surface were labeled by 125I, poly A:U caused their release into the medium. Reports by others that the enhancing effect of polynucleotides on the immune response involves the adenylcyclase system are consistent with the finding reported here that reduction of binding by dibutryl 5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (cAMP) and poly A:U were parallel in extent, and that theophylline and poly A:U acted synergistically in suboptimal concentrations of each

Evaluation of be-38 percent al alloy final report, 27 jun. 1964 - 28 feb. 1965

Mechanical properties, microstructural features, and general metallurgical quality of beryllium- aluminum allo

"If we have the knowledge, then that is power to help our expectant moms": Northern Ontario health care students' knowledge and attitudes addressing alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

The current document is a paper-based dissertation investigating health care professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This dissertation incorporates findings from a secondary data analysis of health care professionals in Ontario, as well as original data from health care students training in Northern Ontario. While previous research has demonstrated that health care professionals remain under-educated concerning FASD and alcohol use during pregnancy, limited research has investigated the knowledge and experiences of health care students. The first paper included is a secondary data analysis of the 2001-2002 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Survey for Health Professionals. Ontario-specific data (N=834) were used to examine the awareness of FASD held by various provider groups in both rural and urban settings. Results from this study indicate that many physicians, midwives, and other health care professionals may have inconsistent knowledge regarding the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure, resulting in mixed messages for women of childbearing age about the safety of alcohol use during pregnancy. The second paper included is a qualitative analysis of scenario-based vignettes regarding alcohol use during pregnancy. Although almost all students (N=21) recognized that no alcohol consumption during pregnancy is the safest recommendation, many students noted that this advice is not always conveyed to pregnant women. Finally, the third paper included is also a qualitative analysis based on a thematic analysis of scenario-based vignettes and semistructured interviews. The third paper explores health care students’ (N=21) attitudes and beliefs about women who may continue to consume alcohol throughout their pregnancy and presents the often stereotypical and stigmatic perceptions of FASD and alcohol use during pregnancy held by health care professionals. Recommendations and implications for increasing students’ and professionals’ knowledge and self-efficacy regarding FASD management and prevention are discussed.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Interdisciplinary Rural and Northern Healt

Commentary on using the SF-36 or MOS-HIV in studies of persons with HIV disease

The purpose was to compare and comment on use of the SF-36 and MOS-HIV instruments in studies of persons with HIV disease. Three medical information databases were searched to identify examples of HIV studies that included the MOS-HIV or SF-36. Thirty-nine and 14 published articles were identified for illustration in comparing the use of the MOS-HIV and SF-36 in HIV disease, respectively. Support for the reliability and construct validity of the MOS-HIV and SF-36 was found. Ceiling and floor effects were reported for both the MOS-HIV and SF-36; however, ceiling effects were more common for the MOS-HIV, in part due to fewer items in the physical, social, and role functioning domains. The MOS-HIV measures three domains hypothesized to be associated with the health deterioration of HIV disease not measured by the SF-36; however, these domains may not assess aspects of HIV disease that typify the majority of the persons with HIV disease today. National norms for the U.S. adult population (and other nations) are available for the SF-36. In addition, the SF-36 has been used in a wide variety of patient populations, enabling comparisons of HIV-infected persons with persons with other health conditions. No national norms for the MOS-HIV are available. We conclude that there is currently insufficient evidence in the literature to recommend the use of the MOS-HIV over the SF-36 in HIV-infected persons. Although the SF-36 is not targeted at HIV, it may be preferable to use the SF-36 over the MOS-HIV due to fewer ceiling effects, availability of national norms, and the vast amount of data for other populations in the U.S. and around the world. Head-to-head comparisons demonstrating the unique value of the MOS-HIV over the SF-36 are clearly needed. More importantly, additional work needs to be directed at comparing the MOS-HIV and other putatively HIV-targeted instruments to one another to help demarcate aspects of HRQOL that are truly generic versus specific to HIV disease. Using both a generic and targeted HRQOL measure is a good general strategy, but this has not been a typical practice in studies of HIV because the MOS-HIV is so similar in content to the SF-36

Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction in Neurosarcoidosis: A Case Report

We describe the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with progressive bilateral vestibular hypofunction and who was found to have bilateral granulomatous mass lesions of the mesial temporal lobe. Initially, her condition stabilized neurologically with corticosteroids, but a diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis was delayed because of the unusual presentation and persistently normal chest imaging results and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels. Approximately 1 year after her initial presentation, the patient died of complications of a myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. Sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic bilateral vestibular hypofunction even if the chest imaging and serum ACE levels are normal, particularly when there is evidence of a multisystem process

Muscle Activation Patterns of Lower Body Musculature Among Three Traditional Lower Body Exercises in Trained Women

Korak, JA, Paquette, MR, Fuller, DK, Caputo, JL, and Coons, JM. Muscle activation patterns of lower-body musculature among 3 traditional lower-body exercises in trained women. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2770-2775, 2018-The deadlift and back and front squats are common multijoint, lower-body resistance exercises that target similar musculature. To our knowledge, muscle activity measured using surface electromyography has never been analyzed among these 3 exercises. Furthermore, most literature examining this topic has included male participants creating a void in the literature for the female population. Knowledge of lower-body muscle activation among these 3 exercises can aid coaches, trainers, and therapists for training and rehabilitative purposes. Trained women (n = 13) completed 2 days of testing including a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) estimation, an actual 1RM, and 3 repetitions at 75% 1RM load for the deadlift and back and front squats. Muscle activity of the 3 repetitions of each muscle was averaged and normalized as a percentage to the 1RM lifts for the deadlift and front and back squats. Five separate repeated-measure analysis of variances were performed indicating muscle activity of the gluteus maximus (GM) differed among the 3 exercises (p = 0.01, (Equation is included in full-text article.)= 0.39). Specifically, post hoc analysis indicated greater muscle activity during the front squat (M = 94%, SD = 15%) compared with the deadlift (M = 72%, SD = 16%; p ≤ 0.05) in the GM. No significant differences were observed among the lifts in the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris. Strength and conditioning specialist and trainers can use these findings by prescribing the front squat to recruit greater motor units of the GM