Headache features in people with whiplash associated disorders: A scoping review.

Whiplash-associated headache (WAH) is one of the most common symptoms after a whiplash injury, leading to high disability. Nevertheless, the clinical characteristics of WAH have not been well described. To synthesise the existing literature on the clinical characteristics of WAH. Scoping review. The protocol for this scoping review was registered in Open Science Framework and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews tool was used to ensure methodological and reporting quality. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus. The search was performed by one author and the screening of articles was conducted by two authors independently. A total of 11363 articles were initially identified and finally 26 studies were included in the review. Headache intensity was the most commonly reported feature. Headache duration, frequency and location were also reported in at least four studies. Few studies reported physical impairments that may be related to the presence of WAH. A differentiation with concussion characteristics was only performed in eight studies. WAH appears to be of mild to moderate intensity, typically with episodes of short duration which is commonly experienced in the occipital region amongst other regions, and with a tendency to reduce in intensity over time. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Chiral properties of hematite ({\alpha}-Fe2O3) inferred from resonant Bragg diffraction using circularly polarized x-rays

Chiral properties of the two phases - collinear motif (below Morin transition temperature, TM=250 K) and canted motif (above TM) - of magnetically ordered hematite ({\alpha}-Fe2O3) have been identified in single crystal resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction, using circular polarized incident x-rays tuned near the iron K-edge. Magneto-electric multipoles, including an anapole, fully characterize the high-temperature canted phase, whereas the low-temperature collinear phase supports both parity-odd and parity-even multipoles that are time-odd. Orbital angular momentum accompanies the collinear motif, while it is conspicuously absent with the canted motif. Intensities have been successfully confronted with analytic expressions derived from an atomic model fully compliant with chemical and magnetic structures. Values of Fe atomic multipoles previously derived from independent experimental data, are shown to be completely trustworthy

Wetting Properties of Seven Phosphonium Cation-Based Ionic Liquids

This paper studies the wetting properties of seven phosphonium cation-based ionic liquids: trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate [P66614][(iC8)2PO2], trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate [P66614][BEHP], trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [P66614][NTf2], tributyltetradecylphosphonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate [P44414][DBS], tributylethylphosphonium diethylphosphate [P4442][DEP], trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide [P66614][DCA], and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride [P66614][Cl]. The surface tension was analyzed using the Gibbs free energy in a temperature range of 293-353 K, obtaining the expected linear decrease with temperature rise. The contact angle was measured on four different surfaces (AISI 52100 steel, CrN, TiN, and ZrN) and all liquids with high surface tensions interacting with hydrophobic systems displayed high contact angles as expected. The polarity fraction (PF) and the spreading parameter (SP) were estimated to complete and improve the wetting characterization of these ionic liquids, finding TiN-[P66614][BEHP] and TiN-[P66614][(iC8)2PO2] as the most favorable surface-ionic liquid combinations from a wetting point of view

Physicochemical, traction and tribofilm formation properties of three octanoate-, laurate- and palmitate-anion based ionic liquids

Three new ionic liquids with different anions and the same cation were synthesized from fatty acids through a metathesis reaction.All the ionic liquidswere identified viaNMRand FTIR and several properties (density, viscosity, thermal, and environmental) were measured. Traction tests were performed under different entrainment speeds (10–2000 mm/s), at slide-roll ratio (SRR) of 50% and 30 N-load, and at different temperatures (40, 60, 80 and 100 °C) using a mini-traction machine (MTM). Tribofilm formation tests were also made in the MTM at 50 N-load, 150 mm/s of entrainment speed, at SRR of 50% and temperature of 100 °C, for 60 min. This work showed that the alkyl chain length in the anion affects properties such as viscosity, toxicity, biodegradability and lubrication. Viscosity decreased with increasing alkyl chain length but only below 60 °C, at higher temperatures the viscosity values of the ionic liquids converge. The toxicity increases with the alkyl chain length; whereas, biodegradability shows the opposite behavior. These novel ionic liquids are much better from both toxicity and biodegradability points of view than the [N8881][TFSI] ionic liquid, which contains the same cation and anion not coming from fatty acids. The ionic liquids at low temperature (40 °C) performed under elastohydrodynamic lubrication and changed to mixed lubrication at higher temperatures and decreasing speeds, according to the alkyl chain length of each anion. All ionic liquids adsorbed on the steel surfaces, and the tribofilm thickness and the kinetics of formation were different

Decoration of squalenoyl-gemcitabine nanoparticles with squalenyl-hydroxybisphosphonate for the treatment of bone tumors

Therapeutic perspectives of bone tumors such as osteosarcom are main restricted due to the inefficacy of current treatments. We propose here the construction of a novel anticancers qualene-based nanomedicine with bone affinity and retention capacity. A squalenyl-hydroxybisphosphonate molecule was synthetized by chemical conjugation of a 1-hydroxyl-1,1-bi-sphosphonatemoiety to the squalenechain. This amphiphilic compound was inserted onto squalenoyl-gemcitabinenano-particles using the nanoprecipitation method. The co-assemblyled to nanoconstructsof 75 nm, with different morphology and colloidal properties. The presence of squalenyl-hydroxybi-sphosphonate enhanced the nanoparticles binding affinity for hydroxyapatite,a mineral present in the bone. Moreover, the in vitro anticancer activity was preserved when tested in commercial and patient-treated derived pedia tricoste osarcomacells. Furtherin vivo studies will shed lighton the potential of these nano medicines for the treatment of bones arcomas