1,164 research outputs found
Properties of entangled photon pairs generated in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic-band-gap structures
We have developed a rigorous quantum model of spontaneous parametric
down-conversion in a nonlinear 1D photonic-band-gap structure based upon
expansion of the field into monochromatic plane waves. The model provides a
two-photon amplitude of a created photon pair. The spectra of the signal and
idler fields, their intensity profiles in the time domain, as well as the
coincidence-count interference pattern in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer are
determined both for cw and pulsed pumping regimes in terms of the two-photon
amplitude. A broad range of parameters characterizing the emitted
down-converted fields can be used. As an example, a structure composed of 49
layers of GaN/AlN is analyzed as a suitable source of photon pairs having high
efficiency.Comment: 14 pages, 23 figure
Scattering Lens Resolves sub-100 nm Structures with Visible Light
The smallest structures that conventional lenses are able to optically
resolve are of the order of 200 nm. We introduce a new type of lens that
exploits multiple scattering of light to generate a scanning nano-sized optical
focus. With an experimental realization of this lens in gallium phosphide we
have succeeded to image gold nanoparticles at 97 nm optical resolution. Our
work is the first lens that provides a resolution in the nanometer regime at
visible wavelengths.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Fractal Photonic Crystal Waveguides
We propose a new class of one-dimensional (1D) photonic waveguides: the
fractal photonic crystal waveguides (FPCWs). These structures are photonic
crystal waveguides (PCWs) etched with fratal distribution of grooves such as
Cantor bars. The transmission properties of the FPCWs are investigated and
compared with those of the conventional 1D PCWs. It is shown that the FPCW
transmission spectrum has self-similarity properties associated with the
fractal distribution of grooves. Furthermore, FPCWs exhibit sharp localized
transmissions peaks that are approximately equidistant inside the photonic band
gap
Squeezed-light generation in a nonlinear planar waveguide with a periodic corrugation
Two-mode nonlinear interaction (second-harmonic and second-subharmonic
generation) in a planar waveguide with a small periodic corrugation at the
surface is studied. Scattering of the interacting fields on the corrugation
leads to constructive interference that enhances the nonlinear process provided
that all the interactions are phase matched. Conditions for the overall phase
matching are found. Compared with a perfectly quasi-phase-matched waveguide,
better values of squeezing as well as higher intensities are reached under
these conditions. Procedure for finding optimum values of parameters for
squeezed-light generation is described.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figure
Temporal Variations in the Usefulness of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a Predictor for Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Borrelia lusitaniae Focus in Tuscany, Central Italy
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Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Anderson-localized Modes
A major challenge in quantum optics and quantum information technology is to
enhance the interaction between single photons and single quantum emitters.
Highly engineered optical cavities are generally implemented requiring
nanoscale fabrication precision. We demonstrate a fundamentally different
approach in which disorder is used as a resource rather than a nuisance. We
generate strongly confined Anderson-localized cavity modes by deliberately
adding disorder to photonic crystal waveguides. The emission rate of a
semiconductor quantum dot embedded in the waveguide is enhanced by a factor of
15 on resonance with the Anderson-localized mode and 94 % of the emitted
single-photons couple to the mode. Disordered photonic media thus provide an
efficient platform for quantum electrodynamics offering an approach to
inherently disorder-robust quantum information devices
Ricci Collineations for Non-Degenerate, Diagonal and Spherically Symmetric Ricci Tensors
The expression of the vector field generator of a Ricci Collineation for
diagonal, spherically symmetric and non-degenerate Ricci tensors is obtained.
The resulting expressions show that the time and radial first derivatives of
the components of the Ricci tensor can be used to classify the collineation,
leading to 64 families.
Some examples illustrate how to obtain the collineation vector
Coherent backscattering of light by an anisotropic biological network.
The scattering strength of a random medium relies on the geometry and spatial distribution of its components as well as on their refractive index. Anisotropy can, therefore, play a major role in the optimization of the scattering efficiency in both biological and synthetic materials. In this study, we show that, by exploiting the coherent backscattering phenomenon, it is possible to characterize the optical anisotropy in Cyphochilus beetle scales without the need to change their orientation or their thickness. For this reason, such a static and easily accessible experimental approach is particularly suitable for the study of biological specimens. Moreover, estimation of the anisotropy in Cyphochilus beetle scales might provide inspiration for improving the scattering strength of artificial white materials
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