On Quality of a Weld Bead Using Power Wire 35v9h3sf

The effect of introducing carbon-fluorine containing additives and nickel to flux-cored wire 35V9H3SF on its structure, micro hardness of martensite, hardness and wear rate of a welded layer has been investigated. It has been proven that carbon-fluorine additions to a powder mixture increase the hardness of the deposited layer and its wearing strength. Nickel adding increases the hardness of both martensite and the deposited layer, and reduces abrasion wear. Introducing carbon-fluorine containing additives to the powder mixture can reduce the pore formation and lower the level of impurity with nonmetallic inclusions; and nickel adding can lead to austenite having a finer grain size

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC CIVIL SERVANTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS)

The content of this article is an analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the professional and service activities of public civil servants in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the ongoing process of transforming public administration and increasing demands from the population to public civil servants requires the development of new methods for of assessing the effectiveness of their activities in the Russian Federation for the successful selection of a modern civil servants who can comply with the growing requirements emanating from population and successfully cope with the assignments and tasks emanating from the country’s leadership. Different theoretical approaches of public administration researchers to assessing the effectiveness of public civil servants have been considered. An analysis of international experience in building and establishing a system for evaluating the effectiveness of public servants will highlight and implement elements of evaluating the effectiveness of public civil servants, taking into account legal, historical and social features of the Russian Federation

Research of technological interaction methods between expert structures and political institutions

The article analyzes the current state of interaction between political institutions and the expert community. This scientific research was conducted in the form of an interview. The respondents were members of expert communities, both non-governmental structures and representatives of expert structures under state authorities, as well as representatives of political institutions. Interview questions reveal a set of competencies that are necessary in order to be fully called a professional expert, attracted by political institutions to build a dialogue and help in the formation of effective public policy. The questions also related to the current situation with the rotation of the composition of experts in expert structures. The opinion of experts and representatives of political institutions was studied on what improvements and mechanisms should be implemented and adjusted to build productive and effective interaction between expert communities and representatives of political institutions. The relevance of the research lies in the analysis of the answers to these questions. The logical purpose of the work is to form an understanding of a number of modern problems faced by both experts and representatives of political institutions at the current stage of development of their interaction in the formation of public policy

Denudation and geomorphic change in the Anthropocene; a global overview

The effects of human activity on geomorphic processes, particularly those related to denudation/sedimentation, are investigated by reviewing case studies and global assessments covering the past few centuries. Evidence we have assembled from different parts of the world, as well as from the literature, show that certain geomorphic processes are experiencing an acceleration, especially since the mid-twentieth century. This suggests that a global geomorphic change is taking place, largely caused by anthropogenic landscape changes

Increased S-nitrosylation and proteasomal degradation of caspase-3 during infection contribute to the persistence of adherent invasive escherichia coli (AIEC) in immune cells

Adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have been implicated as a causative agent of Crohn's disease (CD) due to their isolation from the intestines of CD sufferers and their ability to persist in macrophages inducing granulomas. The rapid intracellular multiplication of AIEC sets it apart from other enteric pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium which after limited replication induce programmed cell death (PCD). Understanding the response of infected cells to the increased AIEC bacterial load and associated metabolic stress may offer insights into AIEC pathogenesis and its association with CD. Here we show that AIEC persistence within macrophages and dendritic cells is facilitated by increased proteasomal degradation of caspase-3. In addition S-nitrosylation of pro- and active forms of caspase-3, which can inhibit the enzymes activity, is increased in AIEC infected macrophages. This S-nitrosylated caspase-3 was seen to accumulate upon inhibition of the proteasome indicating an additional role for S-nitrosylation in inducing caspase-3 degradation in a manner independent of ubiquitination. In addition to the autophagic genetic defects that are linked to CD, this delay in apoptosis mediated in AIEC infected cells through increased degradation of caspase-3, may be an essential factor in its prolonged persistence in CD patients

Oligomerization of the E. coli Core RNA Polymerase: Formation of (α2ββ'ω)2–DNA Complexes and Regulation of the Oligomerization by Auxiliary Subunits

In this work, using multiple, dissimilar physico-chemical techniques, we demonstrate that the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase core enzyme obtained through a classic purification procedure forms stable (α2ββ'ω)2 complexes in the presence or absence of short DNA probes. Multiple control experiments indicate that this self-association is unlikely to be mediated by RNA polymerase-associated non-protein molecules. We show that the formation of (α2ββ'ω)2 complexes is subject to regulation by known RNA polymerase interactors, such as the auxiliary SWI/SNF subunit of RNA polymerase RapA, as well as NusA and σ70. We also demonstrate that the separation of the core RNA polymerase and RNA polymerase holoenzyme species during Mono Q chromatography is likely due to oligomerization of the core enzyme. We have analyzed the oligomeric state of the polymerase in the presence or absence of DNA, an aspect that was missing from previous studies. Importantly, our work demonstrates that RNA polymerase oligomerization is compatible with DNA binding. Through in vitro transcription and in vivo experiments (utilizing a RapAR599/Q602 mutant lacking transcription-stimulatory function), we demonstrate that the formation of tandem (α2ββ'ω)2–DNA complexes is likely functionally significant and beneficial for the transcriptional activity of the polymerase. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel structural aspect of the E. coli elongation complex. We hypothesize that transcription by tandem RNA polymerase complexes initiated at hypothetical bidirectional “origins of transcription” may explain recurring switches of the direction of transcription in bacterial genomes

Эмпирическая антимикробная терапия гнойно-септических осложнений в хирургической колопроктологии

Object. to optimize antibacterial therapy in patients with coloproctological profile with purulent-septic complications.Materials and methods. A one-center intervention study with historical control was conducted. The intervention began in January 2017, when in the hospital FSBI «N. I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center» Russian Ministry of Health introduced strict monitoring of compliance with the protocols of empirical antimicrobial therapy. The study included 62 patients who underwent antibacterial therapy after operations on the colon and rectum in 2016–2017. Patients were divided into two groups with respect to the beginning of the intervention: 2016 – comparison group (A), 2017 – main group (B).Results. There was a slight decrease in the total consumption of antibacterial drugs in coloproctological patients from 823.0 to 691.0 Defined Daily Dose (DDD, established daily dose), as well as the average consumption of antibiotics per patient from 26.5 to 22.3 DDD. An increase in the number of cases of compliance with the approved protocol of empirical antimicrobial therapy (AMT) was revealed from 32.3 % in group A to 67.7 % in group B, p = 0.01. The frequency of adequate empirical antibiotic prescribing increased from 71.0 to 93.5 %, p = 0.042. A significant increase in the frequency of de-escalation of AMT was revealed from 3.2 % in group A to 25.8 % in group B, p = 0.026.Conclusion. Monitoring compliance with empirical AMT protocols allowed to increase the number of cases of adherence to approved protocols, which positively affected the frequency of adequate appointment of empirical AMT, and also led to increase the number of cases of de-escalation of AMT.Цель исследования: оптимизировать антибактериальную терапию у больных колопроктологического профиля при гнойно-септических осложнениях.Материалы и методы исследования. Проведено одноцентровое интервенционное исследование с историческим контролем. Началом интервенции стал январь 2017 г., когда в стационаре ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (далее – Пироговский Центр) был введен строгий контроль соблюдения протоколов эмпирической антимикробной терапии. В исследование включены 62 пациента, которым проводили антибактериальную терапию после операций на толстой и прямой кишке в 2016–2017 гг. Больные были разделены на две группы по отношению к началу интервенции: 2016 г. – группа сравнения (А), 2017 г. – основная группа (В).Результаты исследования. Отмечено некоторое снижение общего потребления антибактериальных препаратов у больных колопроктологического профиля с 823,0 до 691,0 Defined Daily Dose (DDD, установленная суточная доза), а также среднего потребления антибиотиков на одного больного с 26,5 до 22,3 DDD. Выявлено увеличение числа случаев соответствия утвержденному протоколу эмпирической антимикробной терапии (АМТ) с 32,3 % в группе А до 67,7 % в группе В, р = 0,01. Частота адекватного эмпирического назначения антибиотиков увеличилась с 71,0 до 93,5 %, р = 0,042. Выявлено значимое увеличение частоты деэскалации АМТ с 3,2 % в группе А до 25,8 % в группе В, р = 0,026.Заключение. Контроль соблюдения протоколов эмпирической АМТ позволил добиться увеличения числа случаев приверженности соблюдению утвержденных протоколов, что положительно сказалось на частоте адекватного назначения эмпирической АМТ, а также привело к увеличению числа случаев деэскалации проводимой АМТ

ТОКСИЧЕСКИЙ ЭПИДЕРМАЛЬНЫЙ НЕКРОЛИЗ (СИНДРОМ ЛАЙЕЛЛА)

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Nitric oxide production and antioxidant function during viral infection of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi

Emiliania huxleyi is a globally important marine phytoplankton that is routinely infected by viruses. Understanding the controls on the growth and demise of E. huxleyi blooms is essential for predicting the biogeochemical fate of their organic carbon and nutrients. In this study, we show that the production of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous, membrane-permeable free radical, is a hallmark of early-stage lytic infection in E. huxleyi by Coccolithoviruses, both in culture and in natural populations in the North Atlantic. Enhanced NO production was detected both intra- and extra-cellularly in laboratory cultures, and treatment of cells with an NO scavenger significantly reduced viral production. Pre-treatment of exponentially growing E. huxleyi cultures with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) prior to challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) led to greater cell survival, suggesting that NO may have a cellular antioxidant function. Indeed, cell lysates generated from cultures treated with SNAP and undergoing infection displayed enhanced ability to detoxify H2O2. Lastly, we show that fluorescent indicators of cellular ROS, NO, and death, in combination with classic DNA- and lipid-based biomarkers of infection, can function as real-time diagnostic tools to identify and contextualize viral infection in natural E. huxleyi blooms