Twisted Sectors and Chern-Simons Terms in M-Theory Orbifolds

It is shown that the twisted sector spectrum, as well as the associated Chern-Simons interactions, can be determined on M-theory orbifold fixed planes that do not admit gravitational anomalies. This is demonstrated for the seven-planes arising within the context of an explicit $R^6 \times S^1/Z_2 \times T^4/Z_2$ orbifold, although the results are completely general. Local anomaly cancellation in this context is shown to require fractional anomaly data that can only arise from a twisted sector on the seven-planes, thus determining the twisted spectrum up to a small ambiguity. These results open the door to the construction of arbitrary M-theory orbifolds, including those containing fixed four-planes which are of phenomenological interest.Comment: 21 pages, LaTe

An M-Theory Perspective on Heterotic K3 Orbifold Compactifications

We analyze the structure of heterotic M-theory on K3 orbifolds by presenting a comprehensive sequence of M-theoretic models constructed on the basis of local anomaly cancellation. This is facilitated by extending the technology developed in our previous papers to allow one to determine "twisted" sector states in non-prime orbifolds. These methods should naturally generalize to four-dimensional models, which are of potential phenomenological interest.Comment: 58 pages, LaTe

The Influence of Sequence Variability and Dimerization on Mannose Binding in Monocot Mannose Binding Lectins

Abstract Motivation. A model of the lectin from Aloe arborescens was built by homology modeling. Docking studies with mannose were performed on this model and the known crystal structures of monocot mannose binding lectins from snowdrop and garlic. On the basis of these results association of monomers to form dimers is found to be necessary for successful binding of mannose by site III of these lectins, by providing the fourth strand of the -sheet that is a supporting edge for the site. From an analysis of the carbohydrate binding sites (I, II and III) of the above lectins and the docking studies, the mannose binding site I of aloe lectin is predicted to retain the ability to bind mannose with all of the key residues involved in binding unchanged. Site II and III lose residues specific for hydrogen bonding and are predicted to be unable to bind mannose. Aloe lectin monomers are shown to be able to associate as dimers but docking is still unsuccessful in site III. Method. Protein homology modeling and AutoDock docking studies were used in this study. Results. A homology model of aloe lectin was created by both manual and automatic methods and its ability to bind the natural substrate mannose was assessed by docking studies using the genetic algorithm approach in the AutoDock program. The results of the docking studies were correlated with those on lectins for which X-ray crystal data is known and rationalized in terms of specific mutations in the aloe lectin binding sites. Conclusions. Aloe lectin is predicted to be able to bind mannose in its site I binding site, unable to bind in site II because of key residue mutations and also unable to bind in site III

Critical Strain Region Evaluation of Self-Assembled Semiconductor Quantum Dots

A novel peak finding method to map the strain from high resolution transmission electron micrographs, known as the Peak Pairs method, has been applied to In(Ga) As/AlGaAs quantum dot (QD) samples, which present stacking faults emerging from the QD edges. Moreover, strain distribution has been simulated by the finite element method applying the elastic theory on a 3D QD model. The agreement existing between determined and simulated strain values reveals that these techniques are consistent enough to qualitatively characterize the strain distribution of nanostructured materials. The correct application of both methods allows the localization of critical strain zones in semiconductor QDs, predicting the nucleation of defects, and being a very useful tool for the design of semiconductor device

Monoclonal antibody assay of serum placental alkaline phosphatase in the monitoring of testicular tumours.

A monoclonal antibody (H17E2) recognising both placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and testicular PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase was incorporated in a solid phase immunoassay. This was used to measure levels of PLAP in 257 sera from 148 patients with germ cell neoplasms of the testis. High levels of PLAP were found in all patients with active seminomas (mean 0.85 O.D.) compared to those in clinical remission (mean 0.20 O.D.) (P less than 0.0001). More importantly, changing levels of PLAP correlated with the course of disease in 79 samples from 33 patients with seminoma (P less than 0.0001). Elevated PLAP levels were also noted in patients in remission who were smokers (mean 0.32 O.D.) compared to non-smokers (mean 0.15 O.D.) (P less than 0.001). These data demonstrate that determination of PLAP levels using this sensitive immunoassay is an important new adjunct in the monitoring of the response to treatment in patients with seminoma

Available tools to evaluate digital health literacy and engagement with eHealth resources: A scoping review

Background: As eHealth and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) within healthcare becomes widespread, it is important to ensure that these forms of healthcare are accessible to the users. One factor that is key to accessing eHealth is digital health literacy. Objectives: This scoping review assesses available tools that can be used to evaluate digital health literacy. Methods: A systematic literature search was made in MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsychInfo, Ageline, AMED, and APA PsychArticles to present the tools currently in use to assess digital health literacy. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was carried out using a data charting form created for this review. Extracted data included details of the population of investigation and digital health literacy tool used. A report was produced following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Results: In total, 53 papers with adult participants and 3 with adolescent participants (aged between 12 and 19 years) were included in the scoping review. 5 questionnaires were identified that measured digital health literacy or attitudes towards the internet, of which the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was the most commonly used questionnaire for both adults and children. Two children's questionnaires were often accompanied by a second task to verify the accuracy of the responses to the eHEALS questions. Conclusions: eHEALS is the most commonly used method to assess digital health literacy and assess whether an individual is able to engage actively with eHealthcare or virtual resources. However, care needs to be taken to ensure that its administration does not exclude digitally disadvantaged groups from completing it. Future research would benefit from assessing whether digital health literacy tools are appropriate for use in clinical settings, working to ensure that any scales developed in this area are practical and can be used to support the allocation of resources to ensure that people are able to access healthcare equitably

Available tools to evaluate digital health literacy and engagement with eHealth resources: A scoping review

Background: As eHealth and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) within healthcare becomes widespread, it is important to ensure that these forms of healthcare are accessible to the users. One factor that is key to accessing eHealth is digital health literacy. Objectives: This scoping review assesses available tools that can be used to evaluate digital health literacy. Methods: A systematic literature search was made in MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsychInfo, Ageline, AMED, and APA PsychArticles to present the tools currently in use to assess digital health literacy. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was carried out using a data charting form created for this review. Extracted data included details of the population of investigation and digital health literacy tool used. A report was produced following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Results: In total, 53 papers with adult participants and 3 with adolescent participants (aged between 12 and 19 years) were included in the scoping review. 5 questionnaires were identified that measured digital health literacy or attitudes towards the internet, of which the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was the most commonly used questionnaire for both adults and children. Two children’s questionnaires were often accompanied by a second task to verify the accuracy of the responses to the eHEALS questions. Conclusions: eHEALS is the most commonly used method to assess digital health literacy and assess whether an individual is able to engage actively with eHealthcare or virtual resources. However, care needs to be taken to ensure that its administration does not exclude digitally disadvantaged groups from completing it. Future research would benefit from assessing whether digital health literacy tools are appropriate for use in clinical settings, working to ensure that any scales developed in this area are practical and can be used to support the allocation of resources to ensure that people are able to access healthcare equitably