Миф о "Братьях Карамазовых". Какой Достоевский нужен современной России?

В статье на основе текста романа «Братья Карамазовы» опровергается позиция И. Евлампиева, который видит в Ф.М. Достоевском по преимуществу гностического мыслителя, а также эксплицируются теоретические предпосылки тенденциозного подхода к творчеству русского писателя. Акцентируется внимание на связи романов Достоевского с православной традицией, а также значимости этой позиции для становления русского самосознания и истории России.У статті на основі тексту роману «Брати Карамазови» спростовується позиція І. Євлампієва, який вбачає у Ф.М. Достоєвському переважно гностичного мислителя, а також експлікуються теоретичні передумови тенденційного підходу до творчості російського письменника. Робиться акцент на зв’язку романів Достоєвського з православною традицією, а також на значимості цієї позиції для становлення російської самосвідомості та історії Росії.In the article the position of I. Evlampiev, who considers F.M. Dostoyevskiy, for the most part, as a gnostic thinker, is being disproved on the basis of the text of the novel “The Karamazov brothers”. Also, theoretical preconditions of tendentious understanding of the creative work of the Russian writer are being explicated. Besides, the relationship between Dostoyevskiy’s novels and orthodox tradition and the importance of this position for establishing Russian self-consciousness and the history of Russia are being indicated

Pesticides: perception of environmental risk and quantification of glyphosate in atmospheric deposition (Entre Ríos, Argentina)

In Argentina there has been a growing conflict about the use of pesticides and their impacts, mainly with regard to the air compartment and areas with close proximity between agricultural and residential land uses. The present study focuses on this problem in Oro Verde (Entre Ríos, Argentina) using the case study methodology. The aim was to examine the use of agricultural pesticides in urban-rural interface areas as a factor considered problematic by the local population and that affects the air quality in the locality analyzed. The study was conducted in 2016/2018, with a mixed methodological approach. The analysis of perception of the urban population through surveys and interviews with inhabitants who consider themselves affected showed that a large proportion of them identify this problem, emphasizing impacts on the air, and consider it unresolved. Although interviewees mentioned the proximity of the houses to the spraying as an important factor, they also considered that there are other routes of entry of pesticides, for which other solutions are necessary. Determinations of the herbicide glyphosate (GLP) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in atmospheric deposition (15 sites- three sampling periods) showed their presence in both urban and rural areas, in 60% of the sampling sites. The second sampling period showed higher amounts of GLP+AMPA than the first (11.82 μg/m²/15 days). The differences were not attributable to the proximity to agricultural areas, so other factors determining their emission and environmental dynamics should be discussed. The integration and analysis of the population’s viewpoints of and environmental measurements are considered necessary to address socio-environmental problems and generate knowledge that can contribute to local planning and development.En los últimos años se evidencia en Argentina una creciente conflictividad respecto al uso de plaguicidas y sus impactos, fundamentalmente en lo referido al compartimento aire y a las áreas de interfase urbano-rural con cercanía de usos del suelo agropecuario y residencial. Esta problemática fue analizada en la localidad de Oro Verde (Entre Ríos, Argentina) mediante la metodología de estudio de caso. El objetivo fue analizar el uso de plaguicidas agrícolas en las zonas de interfase urbano-rural como un factor que se constituye en un problema para la población y que afecta la calidad de aire en la localidad. Se llevó a cabo en el periodo 2016/2018 y presenta un enfoque metodológico mixto. El relevamiento y análisis de percepción a la población urbana mediante encuestas y entrevistas evidenció que una gran proporción identifica esta problemática, enfatizando los impactos en el aire e incluso consideran que la misma no se encuentra solucionada. Si bien el factor “cercanía de las viviendas con respecto a las pulverizaciones” se remarca como un importante riesgo, se considera que existen otras vías de ingreso de plaguicidas, para lo cual son necesarias otras soluciones. Las determinaciones del herbicida glifosato (GLP) y su metabolito aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) en la depositación atmosférica (15 sitios-tres periodos de muestreo) mostraron su presencia en este compartimento en zonas urbanas y rurales, con un 60% de sitios con detección. El segundo periodo present mayor carga de GLP+AMPA respecto al primer periodo (11,82 μg/m²/15 días). Al no encontrarse diferencias atribuibles a la cercanía con zonas agrícolas, se abre la discusión respecto de otros factores que se encuentran determinando su emisión y dinámica ambiental y frente a lo cual adquieren relevancia los puntos de vistas expuestos por la población. La integración y análisis de estos aspectos se considera necesario al abordar problemáticas socioambientales, generando conocimientos que luego puedan aportar a la planificación y desarrollo local.EEA ParanáFil: Seehaus, Mariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Sasal, María Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Feito, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Van Opstal, Natalia Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Gabioud, Emmanuel Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Beghetto, Stella. Ministerio de Economía de la Nación. Programa Cambio Rural; ArgentinaFil: Wingeyer, Ana Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Wilson, Marcelo German. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina.Fil: Marino, D. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente; Argentin

Comparable low-level mosaicism in affected and non affected tissue of a complex CDH patient

In this paper we present the detailed clinical and cytogenetic analysis of a prenatally detected complex Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) patient with a mosaic unbalanced translocation (5;12). High-resolution whole genome SNP array confirmed a low-level mosaicism (20%) in uncultured cells, underlining the value of array technology for identification studies. Subsequently, targeted Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization in postmortem collected tissues demonstrated a similar low-level mosaicism, independently of the affected status of the tissue. Thus, a higher incidence of the genetic aberration in affected organs as lung and diaphragm cannot explain the severe phenotype of this complex CDH patient. Comparison with other described chromosome 5p and 12p anomalies indicated that half of the features presented in our patient (including the diaphragm defect) could be attributed to both chromosomal areas. In contrast, a few features such as the palpebral downslant, the broad nasal bridge, the micrognathia, microcephaly, abnormal dermatoglyphics and IUGR better fitted the 5p associated syndromes only. This study underlines the fact that low-level mosaicism can be associated with severe birth defects including CDH. The contribution of mosaicism to human diseases and specifically to congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortions becomes more and more accepted, although its phenotypic consequences are poorly described phenomena leading to counseling issues. Therefore, thorough follow-up of mosaic aberrations such as presented here is indicated in order to provide genetic counselors a more evidence based prediction of fetal prognosis in the future

Application of a target array Comparative Genomic Hybridization to prenatal diagnosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While conventional G-banded karyotyping still remains a gold standard in prenatal genetic diagnoses, the widespread adoption of array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH) technology for postnatal genetic diagnoses has led to increasing interest in the use of this same technology for prenatal diagnosis. We have investigated the value of our own designed DNA chip as a prenatal diagnostic tool for detecting submicroscopic deletions/duplications and chromosome aneuploidies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We designed a target bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based aCGH platform (MacArray™ M-chip), which specifically targets submicroscopic deletions/duplications for 26 known genetic syndromes of medical significance observed prenatally. To validate the DNA chip, we obtained genomic DNA from 132 reference materials generated from patients with 22 genetic diseases and 94 clinical amniocentesis samples obtained for karyotyping.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the 132 reference materials, all known genomic alterations were successfully identified. In the 94 clinical samples that were also subjected to conventional karyotyping, three cases of balanced chromosomal aberrations were not detected by aCGH. However, we identified eight cases of microdeletions in the Yq11.23 chromosomal region that were not found by conventional karyotyping. This region harbors the DAZ gene, and deletions may lead to non-obstructive spermatogenesis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have successfully designed and applied a BAC-based aCGH platform for prenatal diagnosis. This platform can be used in conjunction with conventional karyotyping and will provide rapid and accurate diagnoses for the targeted genomic regions while eliminating the need to interpret clinically-uncertain genomic regions.</p

Choosing between Higher and Lower Resolution Microarrays: do Pregnant Women Have Sufficient Knowledge to Make Informed Choices Consistent with their Attitude?

Genetics of disease, diagnosis and treatmen