Nematicidal activity of plant extracts against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Nematicidal activity of extracts from plants was assayed against Meloidogyne incognita. In laboratory assays extracts from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L), betelvine (Piper betle L), and sweet flag (Acorus calamus L) were most effective in killing the nematode, with an EC50 that was 5-10 times lower than the EC50 of the synthetic pesticides chlorpyrifos, carbosulfan and deltamethrin. The shapes of the dead nematodes differed in a characteristic way, and groups of pesticides and plant extracts could clearly be distinguished based on this phenomenon, which may be an indicator for the modes of action of the tested pesticides. In a greenhouse bioassay clove bud and betelvine were tested as mulch. Experiments revealed that the total number of live nematodes on roots of pepper plants treated with mulch of the clove bud was 7% of that of the controls and did not differ significantly from that of plants treated with the recommended synthetic pesticide carbofuran. The application of clove buds as a botanical pesticide for future use against nematodes is highly promising since clove is the 6th major plant grown on Bangka Island, and the market value of clove has decreased sharply over the last year

Pengujian Sifat Anechoic Untuk Kelayakan Pengukuran Perambatan Bunyi Bawah Air Pada Akuarium

Metode pengukuran waktu dengung umumnya dilakukan di ruang akustik dengan medium udara untuk menentukan seberapa besar tingkat dengung atau gema yang terjadi. Namun nilai waktu dengung juga berpengaruh terhadap dimensi ruangan. Pada pengujian berikut, medium yang digunakan adalah air dengan menguji dimensi akuarium untuk menentukan waktu dengung dan hasil tersebut akan dibandingkan dengan variabel dari dimensi tank yang ukurannya jauh lebih besar. Sifat akuarium dari pengukuran perambatan bunyi di bawah air dapat ditentukan dengan memvariasikan posisi dari kedalaman dan jarak sensor terhadap sumber. Perangkat yang digunakan adalah hydrophone sebagai sensor dan sumber non-omnidirectional yang direkayasa menjadi omnidirectional. Dengan melihat energi peluruhan yang terjadi adalah cara untuk menentukan tingkat waktu dengung. Hasil nilai waktu dengung yang diperoleh di akuarium yang di uji adalah 90 milidetik. Jika dibandingkan dengan dimensi akuarium yang lebih besar, hasil waktu dengung yang diperoleh mempunyai nilai empat kali lebih kecil. Maka akuarium yang di uji terbukti akuarium anechoic

KOHESI GRAMATIKAL DAN LEKSIKAL DALAM KUMPULAN JOKES "THE GOD LOVES GOLFERS" KARYA RAY FOLEY

Penelitian ini menganalisis kumpulan jokes berbahasa Inggris. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis wacana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan penanda kohesi gramatikal dalam teks jokes karya Ray Foley, (2) mendeskripsikan penanda kohesi leksikal dalam teks jokes karya Ray Foley, (3) menjelaskan peran kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal dalam penyampaian isi jokes kepada pembaca.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah dokumen. Sumber data yang didapat dari dokumen berupa teks bacaan yang terdapat di dalam kumpulan jokes berbahasa Inggris. Data penelitian ini berupa teks bacaan dari kumpulan jokes berbahasa Inggris karya Ray Foley.Dari hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa teks bacaan bergenre jokes karya Ray Foley merupakan sebuah wacana yang padu karena didukung oleh penanda kohesi. Dalam wacana ini ditemukan empat penanda kohesi gramatikal, yaitu referensi 38 Substitusi 2 ellipsis 1 dan konjungsi 4 Selanjutnya, dalam teks berbahasa Inggris karya Ray Foley juga ditemukan penanda kohesi leksikal, yaitu repetisi 211 Sinonimi 3 Antonimi 4 dan kolokasi 8. Kohesi gramatikal yang paling dominan dalam teks jokes berbahasa Inggris karya Ray Foley adalah referensi, sedangkan kohesi leksikal yang paling dominan adalah repetisi. Penanda kohesi tersebut memiliki peran dalam memunculkan alur cerita pada isi teks jokes karya Ray Foley.Kata kunci : Kumpulan Jokes berbahasa Inggris, Kohesi Gramatikal, Kohesi Leksikal, Peran Kohesi

ANALISIS MINAT ANAK Uol SEKOLAH DI PEDESAAN Ur MENUNTASKAN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN WAJIB BELAJAI SEMBILAN TAHUN ( Studi Kasus : Desa Growong Lor, Kecamatan Juana, Kabnpaten Pati)

ABSTRACT This study aims to descrbe the social economic characteristics of school age children in the rural areas to finish nine year compulsory education programme, also to analyse dependent variable that is interest of school age children in rural areas to finish nine year compulsory education programme which is influenced by independent variable. They are parent's income, the parent's burden, school fee, education offamily head school distance, and parent's marriage status The Analysis model used in this reseacrh is Binary Logistic Regression, because the form of dependent variabll is dummy that consist of 1 and o. Growong Lor Village, Juana district in Pats regency is one of rural areas which describes the unsuccessfulness of nine year compulsory education programme. The traditional characetristic of Growong Lor village becomes environtmental factor whichsupport this village as the object ofthe study. As the result ofthis study, there are two independent variables that have significant influence to the dependent variable. Those variables are parent's income which is significant at a= S% andthe education offamily head which is significant at a= 10'916 . The otherfour variables are not significant at a= S% or a= 10A Key words: Binary Logistic Regression, interest ofschool age children in rural areas to finish nine year compulsory education programme, parent's income, the gent's burden school fee, education offamily head, school distance, parent's marriage statu

KOHESI GRAMATIKAL DAN LEKSIKAL DALAM KUMPULAN JOKES "THE GOD LOVES GOLFERS" KARYA RAY FOLEY

&lt;p&gt;Penelitian ini menganalisis kumpulan &lt;em&gt;jokes&lt;/em&gt; berbahasa Inggris. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis wacana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan penanda kohesi gramatikal dalam teks &lt;em&gt;jokes&lt;/em&gt; karya Ray Foley, (2) mendeskripsikan penanda kohesi leksikal dalam teks &lt;em&gt;jokes&lt;/em&gt; karya Ray Foley, (3) menjelaskan peran kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal dalam penyampaian isi &lt;em&gt;jokes&lt;/em&gt; kepada pembaca.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah dokumen. Sumber data yang didapat dari dokumen berupa teks bacaan yang terdapat di dalam kumpulan &lt;em&gt;jokes&lt;/em&gt; berbahasa Inggris. Data penelitian ini berupa teks bacaan dari kumpulan &lt;em&gt;jokes &lt;/em&gt;berbahasa Inggris karya Ray Foley.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dari hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa teks bacaan bergenre jokes karya Ray Foley merupakan sebuah wacana yang padu karena didukung oleh penanda kohesi. Dalam wacana ini ditemukan empat penanda kohesi gramatikal, yaitu referensi 38 Substitusi 2 ellipsis 1 dan konjungsi 4 Selanjutnya, dalam teks berbahasa Inggris karya Ray Foley juga ditemukan penanda kohesi leksikal, yaitu repetisi 211 Sinonimi 3 Antonimi 4 dan kolokasi 8. Kohesi gramatikal yang paling dominan dalam teks &lt;em&gt;jokes&lt;/em&gt; berbahasa Inggris karya Ray Foley adalah referensi, sedangkan kohesi leksikal yang paling dominan adalah repetisi. Penanda kohesi tersebut memiliki peran dalam memunculkan alur cerita pada isi teks &lt;em&gt;jokes&lt;/em&gt; karya Ray Foley.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kata kunci : Kumpulan &lt;em&gt;Jokes&lt;/em&gt; berbahasa Inggris, Kohesi Gramatikal, Kohesi Leksikal, Peran Kohesi.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p

Desain Ulang Meeting Room P3AI ITS Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Akustik Video Conference

Ruang percakapan membutuhkan kejelasan suara yang cukup baik agar informasi bisa tersampaikan bisa diterima secara jelas. Parameter akustik ruang yang digunakan sebagai acuan adalah Reverberation Time, % Alcons, STI dan Critical Distance. Dalam penelitian ini ruangan yang digunakan untuk dianalisa dan dilakukan percobaan akustik ruangnya adalah ruangan yang terdapat di Perpustakaan ITS lantai 6 milik P3AI. Tujuan penelitian tugas akhir ini adalah untuk mendesain ulang ruangan di P3AI agar sesuai kebutuhan video conference. Desain yang dimaksud adalah bagaimana memberikan insulasi, menentukan material penyerap,dan mendesain sistem audio. Metode pengambilan data yang dilakukan adalah Impulse Response. Selain itu, simulasi hasil perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan software EASE4.3. Hasil perhitungan desain insulasi dalam ruangan sudah mampu mereduksi TTB maksimal yang keluar dari loudspeaker sebesar 35,92 dB dan 39,72 dB. Hasil desain ulang alternatif yang memakai material rock wool, glass wool, dan karpet pada permukaan dalam ruangan menunjukkan nilai RT 0,3 sekon, yang sebelumnya lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 1,03 sekon. Hasil simulasi % Alcons dan STI untuk alternatif desain ulang juga sudah memenuhi standar yang sebesar 1,74% dan 0,841 yang berarti tingkat kejelasan suara dalam ruangan tersebut semakin baik

Soil destruction level at vegetables cultivation land in upstream Cikapundung Sub Watershed, Indonesia and the alternative sustainable management

Abstract The area for cultivating vegetables in the upstream of Cikapundung Sub-Watershed is categorized steeps dryland, which very susceptible on soil erosion. The research objectives were (1) to evaluate the amount of erosion in existing land use, (2) to determine the level of soil damage by erosion and its effect on land productivity, and (3) to formulate alternative management at vegetables cultivation land upstream of the Cikapundung Sub-Watershed to be sustainable. The research was conducted using a survey method in Lembang Subdistrict, West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and soil sampling. Data analysis was based on descriptive and literature study. The results of the prediction showed that the largest soil erosion occurred in Mekarwangi Village on intensive cultivated vegetable fields with a slope of &gt; 40%. The amount of erosion that occurred was 141.3 t ha−1 year−1, exceeding limit Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL). The level of soil destruction is quite heavy. There was a decrease in C-organic and soil nutrient content that caused the productivity of cultivated vegetables land had decreased by 26.6%. Management of vegetable cultivation land using soil conservation techniques should be applied appropriately, effectively, and efficiently according to the local agroecosystem conditions.</jats:p

A case study in Bangka Island, Indonesia on the utilization of pesticides in black pepper plantations

Habits and consequences of pesticide use in pepper plantations were studied in Indonesia. The first study was conducted by questioning 117 farmers about their habits in pesticide use and determining pesticide residues on pepper berries on Bangka Island. Meanwhile, the second study was completed by analyzing exposure levels of pesticide in farmers' bodies before and after pesticide application to pepper plantations at Sukamulya, West Java. Risks of pesticide exposure to below ground terrestrial invertebrates and aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the treated fields were evaluated using scenarios and a decision support system. Results showed that five respondents (4.3%) were agricultural workers without their own plantations and the others were plantation owners. About 112 respondents (95.7%) used pesticides regularly, while 21 respondents (17.9%) had experienced pesticide poisoning. About 54 respondents (46.2%) tended to apply the same pesticide on all occasions, and 104 respondents (88.9%) indicated to always apply a single compound. About 91 respondents (77.8%) were not aware of the possible impact of pesticides on their health, and 102 respondents (87.2%) were not aware of the possible effects on the environment. In addition while spraying pesticides 17 respondents (14.5%) were smoking, 81 respondents (69.2%) were wearing daily clothes, and 84 respondents (71.8%) were throwing empty bottles into the forest. Exposure study revealed that the residues in the urine and blood increased 6.5-10 and 1.1-1.5 folds, respectively indicating actual and direct exposures. The environmental risk assessment indicated low risks for the terrestrial below ground invertebrates but high potential risks for the aquatic ecosystem. The residues of the major pesticides were below the maximum residue limits. This study indicated that the farmers and their workers, and probably also the environment, were at risk of high exposure to the pesticides applied, but that the risks for the consumers were negligible, if present at all

The design of the ship’s fuel estimation simulator uses a case study of the bung tomo trainer ship

Abstract The calculation of ship operating costs is a major element in determining tariffs. The determination of high or low tariff is very important in the shipping business. In other words, determining the proper ship operating costs is the key to the success of the shipping business. There are several components in determining the operational costs of a ship, one of which is the calculation of fuel needed to cover a certain distance. Usually for new routes, the calculation uses the formula specified by the Minister of Transportation No. KM. 58 of 2003. However, this manual calculation requires a lot of time and human error factors will result in inaccurate calculation results. So, we need a more effective and efficient way to calculate the amount of fuel needed to cover a certain distance. In this study, a simulator was developed that uses the concept of a spherical triangle to determine the distance and direction of a ship and then integrates it with the formula of the Minister of Transportation to get the results of the fuel calculation. From the results of 2 trials using the Bung Tomo Training Ship, the calculation results were faster and more accurate. Even more, the simulator users can simply click two points as the beginning and end of the ship’s journey. Thus, the simulator can simplify the process of calculating ship operating costs, especially the determination of new routes in the shipping business.</jats:p