Comparison of fiber effect on glycemic index and glycemic load in differents types of bread

Indexación: Scopus; Redalyc.Existen diversos alimentos que contienen como nutriente principal hidratos de carbono, destacando entre ellos el pan por su masivo consumo a nivel mundial. Numerosos estudios se han llevado a cabo con el fin de reducir su índice glicémico, sin embargo, aún existe controversia sobre la acción de la fibra dietética en la disminución del IG en este alimento. Este estudio determinó el efecto de la fibra dietética sobre el índice glicémico y carga glicémica en dos tipos de panes comerciales en 23 individuos sanos quienes consumieron aleatoriamente 3 diferentes productos, de 50 g de carbohidratos cada uno, durante 6 días: pan blanco (PH), pan integral (PF), y solución glucosada como producto de referencia (SG). Se midió glicemia en ayunas y post-prandial a los tiempos 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min. La insulina fue medida en el minuto 0 y 120 min. El área bajo la curva de glicemia resultó más baja para ambos tipos de pan PH 13589 ±1557, PF 12005 ±1254 que para el producto de referencia SG 14089 ±1245. Los valores del índice glicémico PH 68,55 ±1,2 y PF 62,10 ±1,3 y carga glicémica PH 16,45 ±1,4 resultaron más bajos para el pan con mayor aporte de fibra 9,93 ± 1,1, sin diferencias en la concentración de insulina, sugiriendo que la cantidad de carbohidratos y tipo de fibra contenidos en el pan integral, pueden considerarse factores intrínsecos en su composición nutricional, capaces de afectar la respuesta glicémica post- ingesta de estos productos en individuos sanos.There are several foods that contain carbohydrates as the main nutrient, being one of the most important the bread for its massive worldwide consumption. Numerous studies have been done in order to reduce its glycemic index, however there is still controversy about the action of dietary fiber in the decrease of GI in this product. In this study, it was determined the effect of dietetic fiber on glycemic index and glycemic load in two types of commercial breads in 23 healthy individuals who randomly consumed 3 different products during 6 days of 50g of carbohydrates each: white bread (PH), whole wheat bread (PE) and glucose solution as reference product (SG). Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured at times 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Insuline was measured at 0 min and 120 min. The area under de glycemia curve was lower for both bread types PH 13589 ±1557, PF 12005 ±1254 than for the reference product SG 14089 ±1245. The values of the glycemic index PH 68,55 ±1,2 and PF 62,01 ±1,3 and glycemic load PH 16.45 ±1,4 were lower for bread with more amount fiber 9,93 ± 1,1, with no difference in insulin concentration, suggesting that the amount of carbohydrates and fiber type contained in whole wheat bread can be considered intrinsic factors in bread composition, affecting the post-intake glycemic response of this type of products in healthy individuals.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800

Effect of oat β-glucan on glycemic index and glycemic load of a nutritional supplement sweetened with sucralose in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial

Indexación: Scopus; RedalycLas propiedades hipoglicemiantes del β-glucano de avena son de interés para la industria alimentaria y el área clínica, por sus potenciales beneficios sobre la salud al disminuir la respuesta glicémica, el nivel sérico de lipoproteínas de baja densidad y el índice glicémico de los alimentos. Existen suplementos nutricionales específicos para diabéticos edulcorados con sucralosa cuyo índice glicémico y carga glicémica aún no han sido establecidos. El efecto del β-glucano de avena sobre el índice glicémico y carga glicémica de un suplemento nutricional edulcorado con sucralosa, fue determinado en 13 adultos sanos (6 hombres y 7 mujeres), quienes consumieron aleatoriamente 4 alimentos en días distintos, de 50 g de carbohidratos cada uno: suplemento nutricional para diabéticos (FN), suplemento nutricional con β-glucano (FN- β), y como productos de referencia: solución glucosada (SG) y pan blanco (PB). Se midió glicemia en ayunas y post- prandial a los tiempos 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min. El área bajo la curva de glicemia resultó más baja para ambas fórmulas (FN) 12697±993, (FN-β) 11584 ±1171, que para los productos de referencia:(SG) 13900±1245, y (PB) 13267 ± 1557. Los valores de índice glicémico (FN) 67,02 ± 5,69, así como la carga glicémica resultaron intermedios y más bajos para el suplemento con β-glucano incorporado (FN –β) 59,8 ± 6,2; sin diferencias en la concentración de insulina, sugiriendo que la adición del β-glucano derivado de la avena reduce la velocidad de absorción intestinal de la glucosa, efecto que podría estudiarse en diabéticos.The hypoglycemic properties of oat β-glucan is of interest for the food industry and clinical area, for potencial health benefits by reducing glycemic response, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycemic index of meals. There are specific nutritional supplements for diabetics sweetened with sucralose whose glycemic index and glycemic load has not been established. Effect of oat β-glucan on glycemic index and glycemic load of a nutritional supplement sweetened with sucralose in healthy adults was determined in 13 healthy subjects (6 men and 7 women) old that consumed randomly 4 meals of 50 g of carbohydrates each in different days: a nutritional supplement for diabetics (FN), the nutritional supplement with β-glucan incorporated (FN-β) and two reference food, glucose solution (SG) and white bread (PB). Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured at times 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The area under the glycemia curve was lower for both formulas (FN) 12697±993, (FN-β) 11584 ±1171 than for reference products (SG) 13900±1245, y (PB) 13267 ± 1557. The values of glycemic index (GI) (FN) 67, 02 ± 5,69 and glycemic load were intermediate and more lower for the supplement with β-glucan incorporated (FN –β) 59, 8 ± 6,2, with no difference of insulin concentration . Suggesting that the addition of oat-derived β-glucan reduces the rate of intestinal absorption of glucose. This effect should be studied in diabetic.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800

A review of diapause and tolerance to extreme temperatures to dermestids (Coleoptera)

Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive accepted author manuscript.Numerous species in Family Dermestidae (Coleoptera) are important economic pests of stored goods of animal and vegetal origin, and museum specimens. Reliance on chemical methods for of control has led to the development of pesticide resistance and contamination of treated products with insecticide residues. To assess its practicality as an alternate method of control, we review the literature on the tolerance of dermestids to extreme hot and cold temperatures. The information for dermestid beetles on temperature tolerance is fragmentary, experimental methods are not standardized across studies, and most studies do not consider the role of acclimation and diapause. Difficulties in determining the diapause status of dermestid larvae may explain the lack of studies. The few studies that do examine these factors show that they can greatly increase tolerance to cold temperatures. The use of extreme temperatures will need to target the most tolerant life stage, which for dermestids at cold temperatures will potentially be the cold-acclimated individuals in diapause. The development of effective protocols will be facilitated by studies that clearly and completely describe experimental and statistical methods, consider factors (life-stage, acclimation, diapause) that increase tolerance to extreme temperatures, and assess the mortality at various temperatures to develop mathematical models

STRIDE: Street View-based Environmental Feature Detection and Pedestrian Collision Prediction

This paper introduces a novel benchmark to study the impact and relationship of built environment elements on pedestrian collision prediction, intending to enhance environmental awareness in autonomous driving systems to prevent pedestrian injuries actively. We introduce a built environment detection task in large-scale panoramic images and a detection-based pedestrian collision frequency prediction task. We propose a baseline method that incorporates a collision prediction module into a state-of-the-art detection model to tackle both tasks simultaneously. Our experiments demonstrate a significant correlation between object detection of built environment elements and pedestrian collision frequency prediction. Our results are a stepping stone towards understanding the interdependencies between built environment conditions and pedestrian safety

Effectiveness of a cardiovascular risk management program in the reduction of premature mortality associated to cardiovascular events in the Caribbean region of Colombia

Objectives: To establish the effectiveness of a cardiovascular risk management program [“De Todo Corazon (DTC)” program in Mutual SER-EPS] in the reduction of premature mortality associated to cardiovascular events (CVE) (male , 55 years, female , 60 years). Methods: The population eligible for the study were patients over 18 years of age affiliated to Mutual SER insurance company between June 2015 and June 2018 and residents of the Caribbean region of Colombia, enrolled or not to DTC program in which a cardiovascular event (CVE) occurred. The main outcomes considered were age of occurrence of cardiovascular events (AOCVE), age at death due to CVE (ADCVE) and years life lost (YLL). For the evaluation of the effectiveness, differences in AOCVO, ADCVO and the YPLL between the patients enrolled and nonenrolled in the DTC program were estimated using a Simple Linear Regression model. Results: A total of 3.902 CVE occurred in the study period among both groups. The enrolled patients had an average of AOCVE of 4.96 years (95% CI 3.85-6.06) higher than in non-enrolled patients. The ADCVE average was 4.64 years (95% CI 1.47 - 7.81) higher in the enrolled patients compared with the non-enrolled patients. Patients enrolled in the DTC program had on average -3.54 (95% CI -5.62 - -1.46) YLL compared to the non-enrolled patients. Conclusions: The DTC program in Mutual SER-EPS was effective to delay the AOCVE, ADCVE and YPLL. DTC program is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence and premature mortality due to CVE in the Caribbean region of Colombia

The impact of taxonomic change on conservation: Does it kill, can it save, or is it just irrelevant?

a b s t r a c t The important question of taxonomy and its impact on conservation efforts was brought to general attention by Robert May in 1990 with a News and Views article in Nature entitled ''Taxonomy as destiny." Taxonomy, however, has built-in instabilities that result in name changes, raising the question of whether name changes have a consistent impact on conservation efforts. Our review investigates three possible outcomes of taxonomic change, namely a positive impact on protection efforts, a hampering impact, or no measurable impact. We address these cases with a review of the relevant literature: specifically, government and conservation agency reports, scientific papers, and the general press, as well as correspondence with biologists active in plant and animal conservation. We found no evidence of a consistent effect of taxonomic change on conservation, although splitting taxa may tend to increase protection, and name changes may have the least effect where they concern charismatic organisms

La protección de datos personales en Iberoamérica

I. INTRODUCCIÓN. II. LA PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS EN ALGUNOS PAÍSES DE IBEROAMÉRICA: 1. En Argentina: 1.1. Reconocimiento constitucional del derecho a la protección de datos; 1.2. La ley de Protección de Datos Personales: a) La formación de archivos de datos; b) Derechos de los titulares en relación a sus datos personales; 1.3. Acción de protección de los datos personales. 2. En Colombia: 2.1 Jurisprudencia Constitucional anterior a la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 1266 de 2008 (Ley de Habeas Data); 2.2 Ley 1266 de 2008, por la cual se dictan disposiciones generales sobre el habeas data. 3. En Perú: 3.1. Precepto Constitucional; 3.2. Normas o Leyes que protegen los datos personales; 3.3. Jurisprudencia Comentada y la acción de Habeas Data. 4. En República Dominicana: 4.1. Precepto Constitucional; 4.2. Normas o Leyes que protegen los datos personales; 4.3. Resolución 055-06 del Instituto Dominicano de Telecomunicaciones (INDOTEL). 5. En Venezuela: 5.1. Habeas Data como un amparo especializado; 5.2. El Habeas Data como una acción autónoma; 5.3. De la competencia para conocer de la acción autónoma de Habeas Data; 5.4. Los sujetos en el ejercicio de la acción de Habeas Data. 6. En Uruguay: 6.1. Régimen legal: a) Principios generales de la ley; b) Principales derechos de las personas; c) Datos con régimen especial: sensibles y especialmente protegidos; 6.2. Control y vigilancia del sistema de protección; 6.3. Habeas data. III. CONCLUSIONES.La Protección de datos personales es un derecho fundamental del ser humano y en la actualidad, los Países Iberoamericanos de Colombia, Perú, República Dominicana, Venezuela y Uruguay han adoptado preceptos legislativos para proteger los derechos relacionados a la intimidad de la persona. Asimismo tienen prevista la acción de Habeas Data como mecanismo de protección a estos derechos. No obstante, aunque algunos países han adoptado leyes especiales para la protección de datos personales, como Argentina, Colombia y Uruguay, y otros cuentan con una protección específica de los datos personales en sus Textos Constitucionales, tal es el caso de Colombia, Argentina y Venezuela, el resto de los países mencionados en este artículo Perú y República Dominicana podrían proveer de protección al "Derecho a la Protección de Datos Personales", como tal, a través de una inclusión constitucional y/o de una legislación especial, donde se establezca este derecho del sujeto titular de los datos personales.The Protection of personal data is a fundamental human right being and at present, acknowledged as so in the new regulations adopted by the Latin-American Countries of Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Uruguay. Likewise they have established the Habeas Data as the specific legal action to claim violations to the rights of personal data protection and intimacy. Nevertheless, though some countries as Argentina, Colombia and Uruguay count with an specific law to protect Habeas Data, and even others contempt the protection in their Constitutions, as Colombia, Argentina and Venezuela, the rest of the mentioned countries, meaning Peru and Dominican Republic, could provide protection to this right by means of incorporation of constitutional provisions and by approving special rules recognizing the right to personal data protection

La protección de datos personales en Iberoamérica

I. INTRODUCCIÓN. II. LA PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS EN ALGUNOS PAÍSES DE IBEROAMÉRICA: 1. En Argentina: 1.1. Reconocimiento constitucional del derecho a la protección de datos; 1.2. La ley de Protección de Datos Personales: a) La formación de archivos de datos; b) Derechos de los titulares en relación a sus datos personales; 1.3. Acción de protección de los datos personales. 2. En Colombia: 2.1 Jurisprudencia Constitucional anterior a la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 1266 de 2008 (Ley de Habeas Data); 2.2 Ley 1266 de 2008, por la cual se dictan disposiciones generales sobre el habeas data. 3. En Perú: 3.1. Precepto Constitucional; 3.2. Normas o Leyes que protegen los datos personales; 3.3. Jurisprudencia Comentada y la acción de Habeas Data. 4. En República Dominicana: 4.1. Precepto Constitucional; 4.2. Normas o Leyes que protegen los datos personales; 4.3. Resolución 055-06 del Instituto Dominicano de Telecomunicaciones (INDOTEL). 5. En Venezuela: 5.1. Habeas Data como un amparo especializado; 5.2. El Habeas Data como una acción autónoma; 5.3. De la competencia para conocer de la acción autónoma de Habeas Data; 5.4. Los sujetos en el ejercicio de la acción de Habeas Data. 6. En Uruguay: 6.1. Régimen legal: a) Principios generales de la ley; b) Principales derechos de las personas; c) Datos con régimen especial: sensibles y especialmente protegidos; 6.2. Control y vigilancia del sistema de protección; 6.3. Habeas data. III. CONCLUSIONES.La Protección de datos personales es un derecho fundamental del ser humano y en la actualidad, los Países Iberoamericanos de Colombia, Perú, República Dominicana, Venezuela y Uruguay han adoptado preceptos legislativos para proteger los derechos relacionados a la intimidad de la persona. Asimismo tienen prevista la acción de Habeas Data como mecanismo de protección a estos derechos. No obstante, aunque algunos países han adoptado leyes especiales para la protección de datos personales, como Argentina, Colombia y Uruguay, y otros cuentan con una protección específica de los datos personales en sus Textos Constitucionales, tal es el caso de Colombia, Argentina y Venezuela, el resto de los países mencionados en este artículo Perú y República Dominicana podrían proveer de protección al "Derecho a la Protección de Datos Personales", como tal, a través de una inclusión constitucional y/o de una legislación especial, donde se establezca este derecho del sujeto titular de los datos personales.The Protection of personal data is a fundamental human right being and at present, acknowledged as so in the new regulations adopted by the Latin-American Countries of Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Uruguay. Likewise they have established the Habeas Data as the specific legal action to claim violations to the rights of personal data protection and intimacy. Nevertheless, though some countries as Argentina, Colombia and Uruguay count with an specific law to protect Habeas Data, and even others contempt the protection in their Constitutions, as Colombia, Argentina and Venezuela, the rest of the mentioned countries, meaning Peru and Dominican Republic, could provide protection to this right by means of incorporation of constitutional provisions and by approving special rules recognizing the right to personal data protection

Association between exposure/adherence to a cardiovascular risk management program and the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular events in the Caribbean region of Colombia

Objectives: To establish the association between the exposure to a cardiovascular risk management program [“De Todo Corazon (DTC)” program in Mutual SER-EPS] and the reduction of incidence and mortality by cardiovascular events (CVE: AMI, Stroke, congestive heart failure). Methods: Cohort study that compared the occurrence of CVE among patients over 18 years of age exposed and non-exposed to the DTC program (N = 113,277). Enrolled patients in the DTC program between June 2015 and June 2017 were considered as the exposed population and patients enrolled in the DTC program between July 2017 and July 2018 were considered as the unexposed population. Patients who achieved clinical goals (blood pressure, 140/90 mmHg, HbA1c, 7.5% and LDL cholesterol, 100 mg/dl) were considered adherent to the DTC program. Incidence and mortality rates were compared and Incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used to evaluate the effect of the program. A Poisson regression model was used to assess the association between exposure to the program and CVE adjusting by socio-demographic characteristics and clinical goals. Results: The incidence of CVE in exposed and unexposed patients was 6.8 and 9.5 per 1.000 persons per year, respectively [IRR of 0.72 (95% CI 0.60-0.87)]. Mortality associated to CVE in exposed and unexposed patients was 0.46 and 0.56 per 1.000 persons per year, respectively [IRR 0.82 (95% CI 0.40-1.95)]. When adjusting the estimation by age, sex and achievement of clinical goals, a lower incidence rate of CVE among patients who were adherent to the program was observed [IRR = 0.62 (CI 95% 0.46 - 0.86)]. Conclusions: Exposure to the DTC program significantly decreased the incidence and mortality CVE by 28% and 18%, respectively. Adherence to the DTC program significantly decreased the incidence of CVE by 38%

Puesta en marcha y operación de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con reactores UASB y lagunas de estabilización

Se presenta la puesta en marcha y operación de una planta piloto para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales, consistente en dos reactores UASB (reactores anaeróbicos de flujo ascendente y manto de lodos) seguidos de cinco lagunas de estabilización (LDE) en serie. La puesta en marcha del sistema fue realizada en aproximadamente un mes. La eficiencia de remoción de Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO) en las etapas anaeróbicas alcanzó el 90%, con Tiempos de Retención Hidráulica (TRH) de 6 + 6 h, mientras que la eficiencia de remoción de Sólidos Suspendidos Totales y Volátiles fue 98,1 y 99,1%, respectivamente. La remoción de Coliformes Fecales (CF) en el sistema completo fue 99.9999%, con 15 d de TRH en las LDE. La remoción total de huevos de helmintos fue 99.3%. El sistema estudiado es una opción atractiva para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales en regiones subtropicales.In this work, the start-up and operation of a pilot-scale sewage treatment plant are described. The plant consists of two UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors in series followed by five waste stabilization ponds (WSP), also in series. The start-up was accomplished in approximately one month. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in the anaerobic steps reached 90%, with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 6 + 6 h, while total and volatile suspended solids (TSS/VSS) removal was 98,1 and 99,1%, respectively. Faecal Coliforms (FC) removal in the entire system was 99.9999%, with 15 d HRT in the WSP. Total removal of helminth eggs was 99.3%. The studied system is an attractive option for sewage treatment in subtropical regions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES