Epistemic Schmagency?

Constructivist approaches in epistemology and ethics offer a promising account of normativity. But constructivism faces a powerful Schmagency Objection, raised by David Enoch. While Enoch’s objection has been widely discussed in the context of practical norms, no one has yet explored how the Schmagency Objection might undermine epistemic constructivism. In this paper, I rectify that gap. First, I develop the objection against a prominent form of epistemic constructivism, Belief Constitutivism. Belief Constitutivism is susceptible to a Schmagency Objection, I argue, because it locates the source of normativity in the belief rather than the agent. In the final section, I propose a version of epistemic constructivism that locates epistemic normativity as constitutive of agency. I argue that this version has the resources to respond to the Schmagency Objection

Large cardinals and gap-1 morasses

We present a new partial order for directly forcing morasses to exist that enjoys a significant homogeneity property. We then use this forcing in a reverse Easton iteration to obtain an extension universe with morasses at every regular uncountable cardinal, while preserving all n-superstrong (0<n<omega+1), hyperstrong and 1-extendible cardinals. In the latter case, a preliminary forcing to make the GCH hold is required. Our forcing yields morasses that satisfy an extra property related to the homogeneity of the partial order; we refer to them as mangroves and prove that their existence is equivalent to the existence of morasses. Finally, we exhibit a partial order that forces universal morasses to exist at every regular uncountable cardinal, and use this to show that universal morasses are consistent with n-superstrong, hyperstrong, and 1-extendible cardinals. This all contributes to the second author's outer model programme, the aim of which is to show that L-like principles can hold in outer models which nevertheless contain large cardinals.Comment: 49 page

Cubital tunnel syndrome : a report of two cases

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral neuropathy of the upper limb. This is due to the anatomy of the tunnel, the physiological changes that the nerve undergoes during elbow flexion, as well as pathological conditions that occur within the tunnel. We present two cases of ulnar neuropathy occurring at the level of the cubital tunnel, demonstrating that this entity may occur owing to an identifiable cause or may show only signal alteration without a visible cause on MRI.http://www.sajr.org.za/index.php/saj

Indestructibility of Vopenka's Principle

We show that Vopenka's Principle and Vopenka cardinals are indestructible under reverse Easton forcing iterations of increasingly directed-closed partial orders, without the need for any preparatory forcing. As a consequence, we are able to prove the relative consistency of these large cardinal axioms with a variety of statements known to be independent of ZFC, such as the generalised continuum hypothesis, the existence of a definable well-order of the universe, and the existence of morasses at many cardinals.Comment: 15 pages, submitted to Israel Journal of Mathematic

Pain in the air : successful computed tomography-guided aspiration in a case of spontaneous pneumorrhachis

http://www.thespinejournalonline.com/ay201

Intra-articular rice bodies : imaging for persistent joint pain

Rice bodies are fibrous bodies that macroscopically resemble grains of rice. They may uncommonly occur as a complication of inflammatory arthritides but may create diagnostic confusion when the patient has no underlying inflammatory disease. The combined use of ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plain film makes it possible to reach a correct diagnosis. We describe a patient with a chronic monoarthritis of unknown aetiology who presented with rice bodies in the right elbow joint demonstrated on MRI.http://www.charpublications.co.za/C_JournalsORTH.as

Cubital tunnel syndrome : a report of two cases

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral neuropathy of the upper limb. This is due to the anatomy of the tunnel, the physiological changes that the nerve undergoes during elbow flexion, as well as pathological conditions that occur within the tunnel. We present two cases of ulnar neuropathy occurring at the level of the cubital tunnel, demonstrating that this entity may occur owing to an identifiable cause or may show only signal alteration without a visible cause on MRI.http://www.sajr.org.za/index.php/saj

Electrotunable nanoplasmonic liquid mirror

Recently, there has been a drive to design and develop fully tunable metamaterials for applications ranging from new classes of sensors to superlenses among others. Although advances have been made, tuning and modulating the optical properties in real time remains a challenge. We report on the first realization of a reversible electrotunable liquid mirror based on voltage-controlled self-assembly/disassembly of 16 nm plasmonic nanoparticles at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. We show that optical properties such as reflectivity and spectral position of the absorption band can be varied in situ within ±0.5 V. This observed effect is in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations corresponding to the change in average interparticle spacing. This electrochemical fully tunable nanoplasmonic platform can be switched from a highly reflective ‘mirror’ to a transmissive ‘window’ and back again. This study opens a route towards realization of such platforms in future micro/nanoscale electrochemical cells, enabling the creation of tunable plasmonic metamaterials