The sequence of the 5.8 S ribosomal RNA of the crustacean <i>Artemia salina</i>. With a proposal for a general secondary structure model for 5.8 S ribosomal RNA

We report the primary structure of 5.8 S rRNA from the crustacean Artemia salina. The preparation shows length heterogeneity at the 5′-terminus, but consists of uninterrupted RNA chains, in contrast to some insect 5.8 S rRNAs, which consist of two chains of unequal length separated in the gene by a short spacer. The sequence was aligned with those of 11 other 5.8 S rRNAs and a general secondary structure model derived. It has four helical regions in common with the model of Nazar et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 250, 8591–8597 (1975)), but for a fifth helix a different base pairing scheme was found preferable, and the terminal sequences are presumed to bind to 28 S rRNA instead of binding to each other. In the case of yeast, where both the 5.8 S and 26 S rRNA sequences are known, the existence of five helices in 5.8 S rRNA is shown to be compatible with a 5.8 S - 26 S rRNA interaction model

The AGILE real-time analysis pipelines in the multi-messenger era

In the multi-messenger era, space and ground-based observatories usually develop real-time analysis (RTA) pipelines to rapidly detect transient events and promptly share information with the scientific community to enable follow-up observations. These pipelines can also react to science alerts shared by other observatories through networks such as the Gamma-Ray Coordinates Network (GCN) and the Astronomer's Telegram (ATels). AGILE is a space mission launched in 2007 to study X-ray and gamma-ray phenomena. This contribution presents the technologies used to develop two types of AGILE pipelines using the RTApipe framework and an overview of the main scientific results. The first type performs automated analyses on new AGILE data to detect transient events and automatically sends AGILE notices to the GCN network. Since May 2019, this pipeline has sent more than 50 automated notices with a few minutes delay since data arrival. The second type of pipeline reacts to multi-messenger external alerts (neutrinos, gravitational waves, GRBs, and other transients) received through the GCN network and performs hundreds of analyses searching for counterparts in all AGILE instruments' data. The AGILE Team uses these pipelines to perform fast follow-up of science alerts reported by other facilities, which resulted in the publishing of several ATels and GCN circulars.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, German

On the High‐Energy Spectral Component and Fine Time Structure of Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes

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Impact of intrauterine growth restriction on cerebral and renal oxygenation and perfusion during the first 3 days after birth

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with a higher incidence of perinatal complications as well as cardiovascular and renal diseases later on. A better insight into the disease mechanisms underlying these sequalae is important in order to identify which IUGR infants are at a higher risk and find strategies to improve their outcome. In this prospective case–control study we examined whether IUGR had any effect on renal and cerebral perfusion and oxygen saturation in term neonates. We integrated near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), echocardiographic, Doppler and renal function data of 105 IUGR infants and 105 age/gender-matched controls. Cerebral and renal regional oxygen saturation values were measured by NIRS during the first 12 h after birth. Echocardiography alongside Doppler assessment of renal and anterior cerebral arteries were performed at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h of age. Glomerular and tubular functions were also assessed. We found a left ventricular dysfunction together with a higher cerebral oxygen saturation and perfusion values in the IUGR group. IUGR term infants showed a higher renal oxygen saturation and a reduced oxygen extraction together with a subclinical renal damage, as indicated by higher values of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and microalbumin. These data suggest that some of the haemodynamic changes present in growth-restricted foetuses may persist postnatally. The increased cerebral oxygenation may suggest an impaired transition to normal autoregulation as a consequence of intra-uterine chronic hypoxia. The higher renal oxygenation may reflect a reduced renal oxygen consumption due to a subclinical kidney damage

The AGILE real-time analysis software system to detect short-transient events in the multi-messenger era

AGILE is a space mission launched in 2007 to study X-ray and gamma-ray phenomena through data acquired by different instruments on board the satellite. In the multi-messenger era, the fast detection of transient sources is one of the main goals of space and ground-based gamma-ray observatories. When an observatory detects a transient event, it usually sends science alerts to other facilities through networks such as the General Coordinates Network (GCN), enabling follow-up observations. To achieve this task, real-time analysis (RTA) pipelines are required. This manuscript presents the RTA system developed for the AGILE space mission to detect transient sources on timescales from seconds to one hour. Two types of pipelines are presented. One pipeline executes automated analyses as soon as data are available, sharing the detection of sources with the community; more than 90 automated notices have been sent to the GCN since May 2019. The other pipeline reacts to external science alerts from neutrinos, gravitational waves (GW), etc., to search for electromagnetic counterparts in the AGILE data. The AGILE Team can visualize the results of these analyses using a web platform. The pipelines hereby presented can be a starting point for the development of RTA systems of the next generation of space-based gamma-ray observatories