320 research outputs found
Les Priacanthidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) des Sables de Lede (Éocène moyen, Belgique): ostéologie et otolithes
The osteology of the fossil priacanthid Pristigenys rutoti (= P. caduca) (Teleostei, Percoidei) from the Sands of Lede (marine Middle Eocene, Belgium) is described in details thanks to a nearly complete specimen with a skull preserved in volume and to other samples with isolated bones. A new species, Pristigenys hermani, also from the Sands of Lede, is erected on the basis of isolated bones and otoliths. The two species are compared together. It is shown that the skeletal elements and the otoliths of Pristigenys dentifer from the Eocene of England are identical to the homologous pieces of P. rutoti. The English species is put into synonymy of the Belgian species which has the priority. The evolution of the sagitta within Priacanthidae is discussed
Investigation of defect cavities formed in three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystals
We report the optimisation of optical properties of single defects in
three-dimensional (3D) face-centred-cubic (FCC) woodpile photonic crystal (PC)
cavities by using plane-wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain
(FDTD) methods. By optimising the dimensions of a 3D woodpile PC, wide photonic
band gaps (PBG) are created. Optical cavities with resonances in the bandgap
arise when point defects are introduced in the crystal. Three types of single
defects are investigated in high refractive index contrast (Gallium
Phosphide-Air) woodpile structures and Q-factors and mode volumes ()
of the resonant cavity modes are calculated. We show that, by introducing an
air buffer around a single defect, smaller mode volumes can be obtained. We
demonstrate high Q-factors up to 700000 and cavity volumes down to
. The estimates of and are then used to
quantify the enhancement of spontaneous emission and the possibility of
achieving strong coupling with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centres in diamond.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Efficient out-coupling and beaming of Tamm optical states via surface plasmon polariton excitation
We present evidence of optical Tamm states to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling. We experimentally demonstrate that for a Bragg stack with a thin metal layer on the surface, hybrid Tamm-SPP modes may be excited when a grating on the air-metal interface is introduced. Out-coupling via the grating to free space propagation is shown to enhance the transmission as well as the directionality and polarization selection for the transmitted beam. We suggest that this system will be useful on those devices, where a metallic electrical contact as well as beaming and polarization control is needed
Modelling Defect Cavities Formed in Inverse Three-Dimensional Rod-Connected Diamond Photonic Crystals
Defect cavities in 3D photonic crystal can trap and store light in the
smallest volumes allowable in dielectric materials, enhancing non-linearities
and cavity QED effects. Here, we study inverse rod-connected diamond (RCD)
crystals containing point defect cavities using plane-wave expansion and
finite-difference time domain methods. By optimizing the dimensions of the
crystal, wide photonic band gaps are obtained. Mid-bandgap resonances can then
be engineered by introducing point defects in the crystal. We investigate a
variety of single spherical defects at different locations in the unit cell
focusing on high-refractive-index contrast (3.3:1) inverse RCD structures;
quality factors (Q-factors) and mode volumes of the resonant cavity modes are
calculated. By choosing a symmetric arrangement, consisting of a single sphere
defect located at the center of a tetrahedral arrangement, mode volumes < 0.06
cubic wavelengths are obtained, a record for high index cavities.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Influence of applying different units of measurement on reporting antimicrobial consumption data for pig farms
Background: Antimicrobial use in livestock is one of the factors contributing to selection and spread of resistant microorganisms in the environment. National ve
Enhanced Optical Trapping
Optical tweezers have contributed substantially to the advancement of micro-manipulation. However, they do have restrictions, mainly the limited range of materials that yield to optical trapping. Here we propose a method of employing optically trapped objects to manipulate the surrounding fluid and thus particles freely diffusing within it. We create and investigate a reconfigurable active-feedback system of optically trapped actuators, capable of manipulating translational and rotational motion of one or more nearby free objects
Evidence of near-infrared partial photonic bandgap in polymeric rod-connected diamond structures
We present the simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization of
low-index polymeric rod-connected diamond (RCD) structures. Such complex
three-dimensional photonic crystal structures are created via direct laser
writing by two-photon polymerization. To our knowledge, this is the first
measurement at near-infrared wavelengths, showing partial photonic bandgaps for
this structure. We characterize structures in transmission and reflection using
angular resolved Fourier image spectroscopy to visualize the band structure.
Comparison of the numerical simulations of such structures with the
experimentally measured data show good agreement for both P- and
S-polarizations
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Influence of prior beliefs on perception in early psychosis: Effects of illness stage and hierarchical level of belief.
Alterations in the balance between prior expectations and sensory evidence may account for faulty perceptions and inferences leading to psychosis. However, uncertainties remain about the nature of altered prior expectations and the degree to which they vary with the emergence of psychosis. We explored how expectations arising at two different levels-cognitive and perceptual-influenced processing of sensory information and whether relative influences of higher- and lower-level priors differed across people with prodromal symptoms and those with psychotic illness. In two complementary auditory perception experiments, 91 participants (30 with first-episode psychosis, 29 at clinical risk for psychosis, and 32 controls) were required to decipher a phoneme within ambiguous auditory input. Expectations were generated in two ways: an accompanying visual input of lip movements observed during auditory presentation or through written presentation of a phoneme provided prior to auditory presentation. We determined how these different types of information shaped auditory perceptual experience, how this was altered across the prodromal and established phases of psychosis, and how this relates to cingulate glutamate levels assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The psychosis group relied more on high-level cognitive priors compared to both healthy controls and those at clinical risk for psychosis and relied more on low-level perceptual priors than the clinical risk group. The risk group was marginally less reliant on low-level perceptual priors than controls. The results are consistent with previous theory that influences of prior expectations in perceptions in psychosis differ according to level of prior and illness phase. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Wellcome Trus
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