GROWTH & CHARACTEIZATION OF INORGANIC POTTASSIUM PENTA BORATE TETRA HYDRATE ( PPBTH) SINGLE CRYSTAL

Single crystal of pottassium penta borate tetra hydrate an organic material: have been grown byslow evaporation technique at room temperature .The crystalline nature of grown crystal wasconfirmed by power x ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The structure of LKS consists of Li+ andlying on threefold axes and K+ ion has a tetrahedral coordination with Li-O distances 1.909 -1.923 Ǻ. The UV- Vis study was performed to know optical behaviour of the grown crystals

Quality related substrates and enzyme in tea as influenced by weather parameters

Recent threat on global warming and change in climate are not only the topic related with agricultural and biomass productivity; but on the basis of quality consciousness consumers demand, agriculturalists are indebted to offer due importance to the quality of the agricultural commodities. Quality attributes depends mainly upon the biochemical constituents. How far climatic changes influence the quality attributes of tea are unknown. In the pilot scale study, polyphenols, catechins and their oxidative enzyme are considered and variations in their ratios with respect to prevailing climatic conditions of the Anamallais are attempted. Crop shoots were collected at monthly intervals and subjected to determination of polyphenols, catechins and polyphenol oxidase assay. Weather data collected at UPASI meteorological observatory were used for correlation and factor analysis. Irrespective of the clones, "Cambod" cultivars registered higher quantum of polyphenols followed by "Assam" cultivar. Clones studied within the taxonomic group also significantly varied among them, irrespective of the sampling time. As the catechins are polyphenol derivates, the same trend was observed with total catechin content. Among the clones, SA-6 registered least amount of polyphenols and catechins when compared to other clones. Ratio of catechin to polyphenol exhibited different trend; "Cambod" cultivars registered higher values in catechin, polyphenol ratio followed by "China" and "Assam" cultivars. Polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly varied among the jats and the clones within the taxa. Microclimatic variables played an important role in accumulation of predominant quality constituents, polyphenols or catechins and the enzyme, poly phenol oxidase. Sunshine hours positively related with the above said biochemicals while rainfall has negative influence on the biochemical constituents. Maximum temperature had positive and significant correlation with quality constituents whereas, minimum temperature registered negative impact on their production. Relative humidity recorded at 8.00 am and 2.30 pm exerted negative influence on polyphenols, catechins and PPO activity. Multiple regression models derived based on the climatic variables are presented and discussed in detail

Effect of auxin treatments on male and female cuttings of Hippophae salicifolia

Hippophae salicifolia (Seabuckthorn) is one of the potential multipurpose underutilised plant species having huge multipurpose benefits including economic and ecological. Effect of different concentrated doses of auxins, on rooting percentage, number of root per rooted cuttings and root length of male and female stem cuttings was examined under open field condition. Results show that the cuttings pretreated with 50 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had best rooting traits (respectively for male and female rooting percentage was 50.00 and 76.67%, root number was 2.3 and 3.0 and root length per rooted cuttings was 2.5 and 3.5 cm). Therefore, cuttings pre-treated with 50 mg L-1 IBA is recommended for vegetative propagation through cuttings in H. salicifolia. Moreover, this study provides a significant lead towards the development of a simple cost-effective propagation technique for large scale cultivation and future domestication of the elite genotype for better nutritional security along with socio-economic upliftment and sustainable rural development in Indian Himalayan Region.Key words: Seabuckthorn, vegetative propagation, dioecious plant

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Endotracheal Suctioning with and without Normal Saline Instillation in Terms of Physiological Parameters and Patient Outcome Measures among Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Selected Hospital of New Delhi

Intubated patients are unable to cough sufficiently to remove pulmonary secretion. Nurses occasionally encounter thick and tenacious secretions during endotracheal (ET) suctioning. To manage these secretions, normal saline instillation (NSI) is used throughout the world. The use of NSI before endotracheal suctioning is intended to lubricate the catheter, liquefy and soften secretions, and stimulate coughing. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of endotracheal suctioning with normal saline instillation in terms of physiological parameters and patient outcome among mechanicallyventilated patients; to assess the effectiveness of endotracheal suctioning without normal saline instillation in terms of physiological parameters and patient outcome among mechanically ventilated patients; and to compare the effectiveness in terms of physiological parameters and patient outcome in mechanically ventilated patients with and without normal saline instillation.Methods: A quantitative research approach with comparative descriptive design was used for the study. The study was conducted in Max Super specialty Hospital, Saket and New Delhi. Purposive sampling was used for selecting 60 mechanically ventilated patients, from which 30 had undergone ET suctioning with normal saline instillation and 30 had undergone ET suctioning without normal saline instillation. Physiological parameters were assessed by using an observation checklist. Patient outcomes were assessed through observations made at 0–72 hours.Results: The significant findings of the study revealed that mechanically ventilated patients, who had undergone ET suctioning with NSI in comparison to patients who had undergone ET suctioning without NSI, were significant in terms of ventilator tidal volume at 18 hours, p value was 0.005 (p1), similarlysystolic blood pressure at 6 hours and 12 hours were 0.001 and 0.049 respectively, significant at 0.05 level of significance. p value of temperature at 12 hours was 0.031, p values of ABG PaO2 at 0 hour, 6 hours,12 hours and 18 hours were 0.036, 0.005, 0.022 and 0.043 respectively, significant at 0.05 level of significance, p values of ABG Na+ at 6 hours and 12 hours were 0.003 and 0.001 respectively, significant at 0.05 level of significance, p values of ABG K+ at 6 hours were 0.046, p values of ABG Ca++ at 0 hour and 12 hours were 0.044 and 0.045 which were significant at 0.05 level respectively; however, the p2 value calculated by ANOVA test from 0–72 hours of patient outcome was not significant at 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: The findings of the present study conclude that normal saline instillation while ET suctioning was effective in comparison to ET suctioning without normal saline instillation among mechanically ventilatedpatients in terms of respiratory parameters

PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESSING AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF TRIVANGA BHASMA

Background: Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, which deals with the conversion of metals & minerals into potent medicines. In Rasashastra, the metals like gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin, zinc etc. are converted in to Bhasma and are applied in therapeutics. Validity of this branch of science totally depends on the successful completion of the practical aspects with careful observations, and it becomes necessary to perform analytical studies to check the quality of the finished products. Hence, the present study was carried out to understand the pharmaceutical processing and to analyze the Trivanga Bhasma with the aid of classical tests and modern analytical tools.Materials & Methods: Trivanga Bhasma was prepared by subjecting the Vanga, Naga & Yashada to Samanya & Vishesha Shodhana, Jarana and Marana processes as per the classical references. Final product was then subjected to all the classical Bhasmaparikshas and also analyzed by adopting modern analytical techniques.Results & Conclusion: Yellow coloured Trivanga Bhasma which passed all the Bhasmaparikshas was obtained after seventeen Laghuputas. Percentile of tin, lead & zinc were noted

Flow around submerged groynes in a sharp bend using a 3D LES model

River hydrodynamicsInteraction with structure