Drug Interaction Study Of Apixaban With Cyclosporine Or Tacrolimus: Results From A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study In Healthy Volunteers

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant recipients commonly require anticoagulation. Apixaban (APX) is principally metabolized by CYP3A4, undergoes direct intestinal excretion, and is a substrate to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) transporters. We examined the potential drug interaction between cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) [combined inhibitors of CYP3A4, P-gp and, BCRP] with APX.https://jdc.jefferson.edu/petposters/1005/thumbnail.jp

Predictors of Daily Mobility of Adults in Peri-Urban South India.

Daily mobility, an important aspect of environmental exposures and health behavior, has mainly been investigated in high-income countries. We aimed to identify the main dimensions of mobility and investigate their individual, contextual, and external predictors among men and women living in a peri-urban area of South India. We used 192 global positioning system (GPS)-recorded mobility tracks from 47 participants (24 women, 23 men) from the Cardiovascular Health effects of Air pollution in Telangana, India (CHAI) project (mean: 4.1 days/person). The mean age was 44 (standard deviation: 14) years. Half of the population was illiterate and 55% was in unskilled manual employment, mostly agriculture-related. Sex was the largest determinant of mobility. During daytime, time spent at home averaged 13.4 (3.7) h for women and 9.4 (4.2) h for men. Women's activity spaces were smaller and more circular than men's. A principal component analysis identified three main mobility dimensions related to the size of the activity space, the mobility in/around the residence, and mobility inside the village, explaining 86% (women) and 61% (men) of the total variability in mobility. Age, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity were associated with all three dimensions. Our results have multiple potential applications for improved assessment of environmental exposures and their effects on health

A Class of Separation Axioms in Generalized Topology

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study some new class of definitions like µ-point closure and gµ –regular space concerning generalized topological space. We obtain some characterizations and several properties of such definitions. This paper takes some investigations on generalized topological spaces with gµ –closed sets and gµ–closed sets

Spectral Continiuty : (p, k) - Quasihyponormal and Totally p-(a,b) normal operators

An operator T  B(H) is said to be P-  normal operators for  . In this paper, we prove that continuity of the set theoretic functions spectrum, Weyl spectrum, Browder spectrum and essential surjectivity spectrum on the classes consisting of (p, k)- quasihyponormal operators and totally P- operators

Evaluating the Self-Care Efficacy and Needs of Cancer Patients Experiencing Chemotherapy Side Effects

Background: Chemotherapy involves the strategic use of chemotherapeutic agents to manage cancer. While effective, it can harm healthy cells, leading to adverse effects. Our study aims to identify the self-care gaps faced by cancer patients and provide them with the essential knowledge, skills, and support to manage their condition effectively.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic design was employed, involving a purposive sample of 100 patients with cancer experiencing side effects from chemotherapy. A predesigned questionnaire evaluated the history of chemotherapy and its side effects, Psychological, social, and religious needs, and Level of independence in basic self-care and daily living skills. Descriptive and inferential statistics organized, tallied, and examined the gathered data. Results: The majority 88 percent of clients meet their needs moderately adequate, only 9 percent of clients meet their needs adequately and 3 percent of clients cannot meet their needs. The overall mean score was 20.99 (SD = 4.802) out of a maximum possible score of 24, indicating that most patients demonstrated autonomy in self-care effectiveness concerning daily activities. A significant correlation was observed between the levels of independence and the demographic variables of the patients. Additionally, there is a noteworthy positive correlation (r = 0.303) between mental health, social, and spiritual requirements and the degree of independence in essential self-care efficacy among cancer patients.Conclusion: The health team's primary duty is to raise awareness of and provide an explanation of self-care management of the disease. This will help people adopt a positive mindset and teach them how to practice at standard levels.Keywords:  Self-care efficacy; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Side effects; Patient needs

Socio-economic patterning of cardiometabolic risk factors in rural and peri-urban India: Andhra Pradesh children and parents study (APCAPS).

AIM: To assess the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors by socio-economic position (SEP) in rural and peri-urban Indian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of 3,948 adults (1,154 households) from Telangana (2010-2012) was conducted to collect questionnaire-based data, physical measurements and fasting blood samples. We compared the prevalence of risk factors and their clustering by SEP adjusting for age using the Mantel Hansel test. RESULTS: Men and women with no education had higher prevalence of increased waist circumference (men: 8 vs. 6.4 %, P < 0.001; women: 20.9 vs. 12.0 %, P = 0.01), waist-hip ratio (men: 46.5 vs. 25.8 %, P = 0.003; women: 58.8 vs. 29.2 %, P = 0.04) and regular alcohol intake (61.7 vs. 32.5 %, P < 0.001; women: 25.7 vs. 3.8 %, P < 0.001) than educated participants. Unskilled participants had higher prevalence of regular alcohol intake (men: 57.7 vs. 38.7 %, P = 0.001; women: 28.3 vs. 7.3 %, P < 0.001). In contrast, participants with a higher standard of living index had higher prevalence of diabetes (top third vs. bottom third: men 5.2 vs. 3.5 %, P = 0.004; women 5.5 vs. 2.4 %, P = 0.003), hyperinsulinemia (men 29.5 vs. 16.3 %, P = 0.002; women 31.1 vs. 14.3 %, P < 0.001), obesity (men 23.3 vs. 10.6 %, P < 0.001; women 25.9 vs. 12.8 %, P < 0.001), and raised LDL (men 16.8 vs. 11.4 %, P = 0.001; women 21.3 vs. 14.0 %, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiometabolic risk factors are common in rural India but do not show a consistent association with SEP except for higher prevalence of smoking and regular alcohol intake in lower SEP group. Strategies to address the growing burden of cardiometabolic diseases in urbanizing rural India should be assessed for their potential impact on social inequalities in health

Interactions and cold collisions of AlF in the ground and excited electronic states with He

Aluminium monofluoride (AlF) is a promising candidate for laser cooling and the production of dense ultracold molecular gases, thanks to its relatively high chemical stability and diagonal Frank-Condon factors. In this study, we examine the interactions and collisions of AlF in its $X^1\Sigma^+$, $a^3\Pi$, and $A^{1}\Pi$ electronic states with ground-state He using state-of-the-art \textit{ab initio} quantum chemistry techniques. We construct accurate potential energy surfaces (PESs) employing either the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster CCSD(T)-F12 method augmented by the CCSDT correction or the multireference configuration-interaction method for higher-excited electronic states. Subsequently, we employ these PESs in coupled-channel calculations to determine the scattering cross-sections for AlF+He collisions and bound states of the complex. We estimate the uncertainty of the calculated PESs and apply it to assess the uncertainty of the scattering results. We find a relatively low sensitivity of the cross-sections to the variation of the PESs, but the positions of shape resonances remain uncertain. The present results are relevant for further improvements and optimizations of buffer-gas cooling of AlF molecules.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 4 table

Sustainable maize production through organic amendments: Evaluating growth performance and environmental impact

The current study investigates the impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Organic amendments such as farmyard manure (FYM) and composted press mud, as well as inorganic fertilizers, were applied across various treatments to evaluate their effects on plant height, leaf production, chlorophyll content (SPAD values), leaf area index (LAI) and GHG emissions and carbon dioxide (CO?). The experiment was conducted for one crop season (September to December 2023) using a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) in Tamil Nadu, with static chamber methods employed to measure GHG emissions. The results demonstrated that treatments involving organic inputs significantly enhanced maize growth compared to inorganic fertilizers. N9 (T3 + 5 t Composted Pressmud) consistently recorded the highest plant height, leaf count and LAI, while the control (T1) had the lowest values. Organic amendments also showed reduced GHG emissions under rain-saturated conditions, although methane emissions were higher due to the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. The study concludes that integrating organic fertilizers improves soil health and crop productivity while reducing GHG emissions, but careful management is needed to mitigate methane emissions in wet conditions. These findings support the adoption of organic inputs as part of sustainable agricultural practices to enhance productivity and environmental outcomes

Formulation of Sodium Alginate Nanospheres Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Systemic Candidiasis

Purpose: The aim of this work was to formulate sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B by controlled gellification method and to evaluate the role of the nanospheres as a “passive carrier” in targeted antifungal therapy. Methods: Sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B were prepared by controlled gellification method, and the particle size analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The carrier capacity of sodium alginate was evaluated in terms of drug to polymer ratio. In vitro release study was carried out on all drug loaded nanospheres by the dialysis method. Release kinetics of drug from different drug loaded nanospheres was also determined. The in vivo antifungal efficacy of nanospheres bound drug vis-à-vis the free drug was evaluated in candidiasis- induced mice models. Results: Preparation of nanospheres through controlled gellification method yielded particles with a size range of 419.6 ± 0.28 nm. Studies on drug to polymer ratio showed a linear relationship between concentration of drug and drug loading capacity. In vitro release kinetic study revealed that the release of drug from the nanospheres followed Fickian diffusion. In vivo studies showed that the nanosphere-bound drug produced a higher antifungal efficacy than the free drug. Conclusion: The formulated sodium alginate nanospheres containing amphotericin B was found to have better antifungal activity when compared to the free drug and also yielded sustained in vitro release. Keywords: Nanospheres, sodium alginate, amphotericin B, controlled gellification method, in vitro & in vivo release > Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 (1) 2007: pp. 653-65

Development and in-vitro Evaluation of a Topical Drug Delivery System Containing Betamethazone Loaded Ethyl Cellulose Nanospheres

Purpose: Lipid nanospheres are used for the passive targeting of cosmetic agents to skin, thereby achieving major benefits such as reduction of total dose and avoidance of systemic absorption. The present study was carried out to exploit the feasibility of using polymeric nanospheres as an alternative and cheaper carrier for targeting corticosteroids to the skin. Methods: Nanospheres were prepared from ethyl cellulose by a modified method of desolvation and cross linking. The drug betamethazone was incorporated into nanospheres and the drug: polymer ratio was evaluated to determine the carrier capacity of the polymer. In-vitro release studies of drug-loaded nanospheres were carried out by the centrifugal ultrafiltration method. The kinetics of release was determined and fitted to an empirical equation. The release of drug from drug-loaded nanospheres dispersing in a conventional cream was evaluated. A comparative in-vitro diffusion study was carried out between a commercial brand of cream and the cream incorporating nanospheres. Results: Formulation of nanospheres of betamethazone by a modified method produced discrete particles. Studies on drug:polymer ratio showed a linear relationship between drug concentration and percentage of loading. The in-vitro release of drug-loaded nanospheres was found to be first order. The comparative in-vitro diffusion study between the commercial cream and the formulated cream showed a marked reduction in release rate from nanospheres-bound cream. Conclusion: Formulated topical cream containing nanospheres of betamethazone was found to be a potential dermal delivery system for sustaining the release of the drug. Keywords: Nanospheres, desolvation and cross-linking method, ethyl cellulose, betamethazone, in-vitro diffusion studies.> Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 (2) 2005: pp. 495-50