Microscopy of Progressive Decay of Cottonwood by the Brown-Rot Fungus Gloeophyllum Trabeum

Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) samples subjected to various degrees of brown-rot decay by Gloeophyllum trabeum (FPL 617) were studied by scanning electron (SEM) and polarizing microscopy. A technique was developed to prepare decayed wood specimens for SEM. Ray cells were heavily decomposed in early stages of decay. Bore holes were produced in early stages to facilitate hyphal penetration into fiber tracheids. Degradation of fiber tracheid walls began with the formation of radial checks or voids in the S2 layer, followed by the removal of the entire S2 layer, which often caused the separation of the S3 layer from the remaining cell wall. The S3 layer often was removed before the decomposition of the S1 layer. The compound middle lamella remained intact even after the complete removal of the secondary wall

Notes on Fleshy Fungi in Iowa. V.

During the summer and fall of 1967, 1968, and 1969, 330 sporocarps of fleshy fungi were collected. In the collections, were 11 species, Boletus fraternus, Boletus parvulus, Boletus subglabripes, Cortinarius brunneofulvus, Cortinarius privignus, Cortinarius subpulchrifolius, Hygrophorus chlorophanus, Inocybe sindonia, Inocybe subochracea, Russula densifolia, and Tricholoma irinum, not previously reported for Iowa

Microscopy Of Progressive Decay Of Cottonwood By The Brown-Rot Fungus Gloeophyllum Trabeum

Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) samples subjected to various degrees of brown-rot decay by Gloeophyllum trabeum (FPL 617) were studied by scanning electron (SEM) and polarizing microscopy. A technique was developed to prepare decayed wood specimens for SEM. Ray cells were heavily decomposed in early stages of decay. Bore holes were produced in early stages to facilitate hyphal penetration into fiber tracheids. Degradation of fiber tracheid walls began with the formation of radial checks or voids in the S2 layer, followed by the removal of the entire S2 layer, which often caused the separation of the S3 layer from the remaining cell wall. The S3 layer often was removed before the decomposition of the S1 layer. The compound middle lamella remained intact even after the complete removal of the secondary wall

Notes on Fleshy Fungi in Iowa. III

Ninety-nine sporocarps of fleshy fungi were collected during the summer and fall of 1964. In the collections were six species, Boletus piperatus Bull., Clitopilus subplanus Pk., Collybia strictipes Pk., Cortinarius duracinus Fr., Cortinarius imbutus Fr., and Tricholoma acre Pk. not previously reported for the State of Iowa

Notes on Fleshy Fungi in Iowa. VI.

During the summer and fall of 1970, 211 sporocarps of fleshy fungi were collected. In the collection were 14 species not previously reported for the state of Iowa. Cortinarius brunneus, C. coloratus, C. cylindripes, C. pulchrifolius, Hygrophorus marginatus, Psalliota comtula, P. silvatica, Psilocybe agrariella, Riussula cyanoxantha, R. puellaris, R. vesca, R. xerampelina, Tricholoma intermedium, and T. terreolens

Ninja data analysis with a detection pipeline based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform

The Ninja data analysis challenge allowed the study of the sensitivity of data analysis pipelines to binary black hole numerical relativity waveforms in simulated Gaussian noise at the design level of the LIGO observatory and the VIRGO observatory. We analyzed NINJA data with a pipeline based on the Hilbert Huang Transform, utilizing a detection stage and a characterization stage: detection is performed by triggering on excess instantaneous power, characterization is performed by displaying the kernel density enhanced (KD) time-frequency trace of the signal. Using the simulated data based on the two LIGO detectors, we were able to detect 77 signals out of 126 above SNR 5 in coincidence, with 43 missed events characterized by signal to noise ratio SNR less than 10. Characterization of the detected signals revealed the merger part of the waveform in high time and frequency resolution, free from time-frequency uncertainty. We estimated the timelag of the signals between the detectors based on the optimal overlap of the individual KD time-frequency maps, yielding estimates accurate within a fraction of a millisecond for half of the events. A coherent addition of the data sets according to the estimated timelag eventually was used in a characterization of the event.Comment: Accepted for publication in CQG, special issue NRDA proceedings 200

Heparin affinity tag and application thereof

In one aspect, affinity tags for recombinant protein purification are described herein which, in some embodiments, can mitigate or overcome disadvantages of prior affinity tag systems. In some embodiments, for example, affinity tags described herein permit efficient elution of desired recombinant proteins with simplified solution systems, such as alkali metal salt solutions. An affinity tag described herein comprises an amino acid sequence including a repeating amino acid unit of BXXXBXX, wherein B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of histidine, lysine and arginine and X is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of amino acids other than histidine, lysine and arginine

Heparin affinity tag and applications thereof

In one aspect, affinity tags for recombinant protein purification are described herein which, in some embodiments, can mitigate or overcome disadvantages of prior affinity tag systems. In some embodiments, for example, affinity tags described herein permit efficient elution of desired recombinant proteins with simplified solution systems, such as alkali metal salt solutions. An affinity tag described herein comprises an amino acid sequence including a repeating amino acid unit of BXXXBXX, wherein B is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of histidine, lysine and arginine and X is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of amino acids other than histidine, lysine and arginin

Risk of acquired drug resistance during short-course directly observed treatment of tuberculosis in an area with high levels of drug resistance.

BACKGROUND: Data on the performance of standardized short-course directly observed treatment (DOTS) of tuberculosis (TB) in areas with high levels of drug resistance and on the potential impact of DOTS on amplification of resistance are limited. Therefore, we analyzed treatment results from a cross-sectional sample of patients with TB enrolled in a DOTS program in an area with high levels of drug resistance in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in Central Asia. METHODS: Sputum samples for testing for susceptibility to 5 first-line drugs and for molecular typing were obtained from patients starting treatment in 8 districts. Patients with sputum smear results positive for TB at the end of the intensive phase of treatment and/or at 2 months into the continuation phase were tested again. RESULTS. Among 382 patients with diagnoses of TB, 62 did not respond well to treatment and were found to be infected with an identical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain when tested again; 19 of these patients had strains that developed new or additional drug resistance. Amplification occurred in only 1.2% of patients with initially susceptible or monoresistant TB strains, but it occurred in 17% of those with polyresistant strains (but not multidrug-resistant strains, defined as strains with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin) and in 7% of those with multidrug-resistant strains at diagnosis. Overall, 3.5% of the patients not initially infected with multidrug-resistant TB strains developed such strains during treatment. Amplification of resistance, however, was found only in polyresistant Beijing genotype strains. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of amplification of drug resistance demonstrated under well-established DOTS program conditions reinforce the need for implementation of DOTS-Plus for multidrug-resistant TB in areas with high levels of drug resistance. The strong association of Beijing genotype and amplification in situations of preexisting resistance is striking and may underlie the strong association between this genotype and drug resistance

Plans for the LIGO-TAMA Joint Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts

We describe the plans for a joint search for unmodelled gravitational wave bursts being carried out by the LIGO and TAMA collaborations using data collected during February-April 2003. We take a conservative approach to detection, requiring candidate gravitational wave bursts to be seen in coincidence by all four interferometers. We focus on some of the complications of performing this coincidence analysis, in particular the effects of the different alignments and noise spectra of the interferometers.Comment: Proceedings of the 8th Gravitational Wave Data Analysis Workshop, Milwaukee, WI, USA. 10 pages, 3 figures, documentclass ``iopart'