Challenges with bearings only tracking for missile guidance systems and how to cope with them.

This paper addresses the problem of closed loop missile guidance using bearings and target angular extent information. Comparison is performed between particle filtering methods and derivative free methods. The extent information characterizes target size and we show how this can help compensate for observability problems. We demonstrate that exploiting angular extent information improves filter estimation accuracy. The performance of the filters has been studied over a testing scenario with a static target, with respect to accuracy, sensitivity to perturbations in initial conditions and in different seeker modes (active, passive and semi-active)

Anomaly detection in video with Bayesian nonparametrics

A novel dynamic Bayesian nonparametric topic model for anomaly detection in video is proposed in this paper. Batch and online Gibbs samplers are developed for inference. The paper introduces a new abnormality measure for decision making. The proposed method is evaluated on both synthetic and real data. The comparison with a non-dynamic model shows the superiority of the proposed dynamic one in terms of the classification performance for anomaly detection

Abnormal behaviour detection in video using topic modeling

The growth of the number of surveillance systems makes it is impossible to process data by human operators thereby autonomous algorithms are required in a decision-making procedure. A novel dynamic topic modeling approach for abnormal behaviour detection in video is proposed. Activities and behaviours in the scene are described by the topic model where temporal dynamics for behaviours is assumed. Here we implement Expectation-Maximisation algorithm for inference in the model and show in the experiments that it outperforms the Gibbs sampling inference scheme that is originally proposed in [1]

Dynamic Hierarchical Dirichlet Process for Abnormal Behaviour Detection in Video

This paper proposes a novel dynamic Hierarchical Dirichlet Process topic model that considers the dependence between successive observations. Conventional posterior inference algorithms for this kind of models require processing of the whole data through several passes. It is computationally intractable for massive or sequential data. We design the batch and online inference, based on the Gibbs sampling, for our model. It allows to process sequential data, incrementally updating the model by a new observation. The model is applied to abnormal behaviour detection in video sequences. A new abnormality measure is proposed for decision making. The proposed method is compared with the method based on the non-dynamic Hierarchical Dirichlet Process, for which we also derive the online Gibbs sampler and the abnormality measure. The experimental results show that the consideration of the dynamics in a topic model improves the classification performance for abnormal behaviour detection

Bayesian neural networks for sparse coding

Deep learning is actively used in the area of sparse coding. In current deep sparse coding methods uncertainty of predictions is rarely estimated, thus providing the results that lack the quantitative justification. Bayesian learning provides the way to estimate the uncertainty of predictions in neural networks (NNs) by imposing the prior distributions on weights, propagating the resulting uncertainty through the layers and computing the posterior distributions of predictions. We propose a novel method of propagating the uncertainty through the sparsity-promoiting layers of NNs for the first time. We design a Bayesian Learned Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding network (BayesLIsTA). An efficient posterior inference algorithm based on probabilistic backpropagation is developed. Experiments on sparse coding show that the proposed framework provides both accurate predictions and sensible estimates of uncertainty in these predictions

Circularly Polarized Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna with Resonant Slots and a Screen

A broadband circularly polarized (CP) Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna (ACMSA) is described herein. In order to decrease the back radiation of the antenna due to resonant coupling slots (a cross-slot) in the ground plane, a three-layer structure with a screen is proposed. As a result, the back radiation of the antenna is reduced by more than 12 dB and its gain is increased by about 1.3 dB compared to the conventional two-layer ACMSA with nonresonant coupling slots. The antenna is designed to operate within the Ku-band. Keeping its simple and compact construction and high mechanical characteristics it can be used as an element of CP microstrip antenna arrays with various applications in the contemporary communication systems. A comparison with two similar CP antennas with resonant slots, a two-layer ACMSA and a three-layer ACMSA with a patch reflector is accomplished

Oil Spill Segmentation in Fused Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite systems are very efficient in oil spill monitoring due to their capability to operate under all weather conditions. Systems such as the Envisat and RADARSAT have been used independently in many studies to detect oil spill. This paper presents an automatic feature based image registration and fusion algorithm for oil spill monitoring using SAR images. A range of metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm and to demonstrate the benefits of fusing SAR images of different modalities. The proposed framework has shown 45% improvement of the oil spill location when compared with the individual images before the fusio

Learning methods for dynamic topic modeling in automated behaviour analysis

Semisupervised and unsupervised systems provide operators with invaluable support and can tremendously reduce the operators’ load. In the light of the necessity to process large volumes of video data and provide autonomous decisions, this paper proposes new learning algorithms for activity analysis in video. The activities and behaviors are described by a dynamic topic model. Two novel learning algorithms based on the expectation maximization approach and variational Bayes inference are proposed. Theoretical derivations of the posterior estimates of model parameters are given. The designed learning algorithms are compared with the Gibbs sampling inference scheme introduced earlier in the literature. A detailed comparison of the learning algorithms is presented on real video data. We also propose an anomaly localization procedure, elegantly embedded in the topic modeling framework. It is shown that the developed learning algorithms can achieve 95% success rate. The proposed framework can be applied to a number of areas, including transportation systems, security, and surveillance

Structured Sparse Modelling with Hierarchical GP

In this paper a new Bayesian model for sparse linear regression with a spatio-temporal structure is proposed. It incorporates the structural assumptions based on a hierarchical Gaussian process prior for spike and slab coefficients. We design an inference algorithm based on Expectation Propagation and evaluate the model over the real data

A nonlinear land use regression approach for modelling NO2 concentrations in urban areas—Using data from low-cost sensors and diffusion tubes

Land Use Regression (LUR) based on multiple linear regression model is one of the techniques used most frequently for modelling the spatial variability of air pollution and assessing exposure in urban areas. In this paper, a nonlinear generalised additive model is proposed for LUR and its performance is compared to a linear model in Sheffield, UK for the year 2019. Pollution models were estimated using NO2 measurements obtained from 188 diffusion tubes and 40 low-cost sensors. Performance of the models was assessed by calculating several statistical metrics including correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE). High resolution (100 m × 100 m) maps demonstrated higher levels of NO2 in the city centre, eastern side of the city and on major roads. The results showed that the nonlinear model outperformed the linear counterpart and that the model estimated using NO2 data from diffusion tubes outperformed the models using data from low-cost sensors or both low-cost sensors and diffusion tubes. The proposed method provides a basis for further application of advanced nonlinear modelling approaches to constructing LUR models in urban areas which enable quantifying small scale variability in pollution levels