727 research outputs found
Generalized polarizabilities of the pion in chiral perturbation theory
We present a calculation of the virtual Compton scattering amplitude for at . We explicitly derive expressions for generalized electromagnetic polarizabilities and discuss alternative definitions of these quantities
Differential approximation for Kelvin-wave turbulence
I present a nonlinear differential equation model (DAM) for the spectrum of
Kelvin waves on a thin vortex filament. This model preserves the original
scaling of the six-wave kinetic equation, its direct and inverse cascade
solutions, as well as the thermodynamic equilibrium spectra. Further, I extend
DAM to include the effect of sound radiation by Kelvin waves. I show that,
because of the phonon radiation, the turbulence spectrum ends at a maximum
frequency where
is the total energy injection rate, is the speed of sound and
is the quantum of circulation.Comment: Prepared of publication in JETP Letter
Optical Fibers Based on Modified Silver Halide Crystals for Nuclear Power
We investigated the possibility of the deployment of AgBr β TlBr0.46I0.54MIR fibers in high ionizing radiation environment. For this purpose, we exposed plate samples made of AgBr β TlBr0.46I0.54crystals to Ξ²-ionizing radiation at a dose of 100 kGy. We revealed the radiation-induced translucence effect for these materials and assumed its nature. As the investigation showed the suitability of the fibers for the application in high ionizing radiation environment, the authors propose to use these fibers jointly with FTIR spectrometers for the online monitoring of various chemical processes at the nuclear power plants.
Keywords: modified silver halides, MIR fibers, FTIR spectroscopy, ionizing radiation resistanc
Polyelectrolyte multilayer formation: electrostatics and short-range interactions
We investigate the phenomenon of multilayer formation via layer-by-layer
deposition of alternating charge polyelectrolytes. Using mean-field theory, we
find that a strong short-range attraction between the two types of polymer
chains is essential for the formation of multilayers. The dependence of the
required short-range attraction on the polymer charge fraction and salt
concentration is calculated. For weak short-range attraction between any two
adjacent layers, the adsorbed amount (per added layer) decays as the distance
from the surface increases, until the chains stop adsorbing altogether. For
strong short-range attraction, the adsorbed amount per layer increases after an
initial decrease, and finally it stabilizes in the form of a polyelectrolyte
multilayer that can be repeated many times.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Bunyavirales Order
In 2017 the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTY) established and approved a new order Bunyavirales that unite evolutionary related viruses whose genome is represented by a segmented linear single-stranded RNA of negative or ambisense polarity. Currently, the order Bunyavirales includes 10 families that infect vertebrate animals, invertebrates (arthropods), and plants. At least 41 zoonotic bunyaviruses, including pathogenic for human, were isolated on the territory of Northern Eurasia. This review presents the data on the composition of the families belonging to the order Bunyavirales and a list of zoonotic bunyaviruses, isolated in Northern Eurasia, indicating their modern taxonomy. Most of them are arboviruses, associated with different species of mosquitoes or ticks
Biexciton oscillator strength
Our goal is to provide a physical understanding of the elementary coupling
between photon and biexciton and to derive the physical characteristics of the
biexciton oscillator strength, following the procedure we used for trion.
Instead of the more standard two-photon absorption, this work concentrates on
molecular biexciton created by photon absorption in an exciton gas. We first
determine the appropriate set of coordinates in real and momentum spaces to
describe one biexciton as two interacting excitons. We then turn to second
quantization and introduce the "Fourier transform in the exciton sense" of the
biexciton wave function which is the relevant quantity for oscillator strength.
We find that, like for trion, the oscillator strength for the formation of one
biexciton out of one photon plus a \emph{single} exciton is extremely small: it
is one biexciton volume divided by one sample volume smaller than the exciton
oscillator strength. However, due to their quantum nature, trion and biexciton
have absorption lines which behave quite differently. Electrons and trions are
fermionic particles impossible to pile up all at the same energy. This would
make the weak trion line spread with electron density, the peak structure only
coming from singular many-body effects. By contrast, the bosonic nature of
exciton and biexciton makes the biexciton peak mainly rise with exciton
density, this rise being simply linear if we forget many-body effects between
the photocreated exciton and the excitons present in the sample
Modeling Kelvin wave cascades in superfluid helium
We study two different types of simplified models for Kelvin wave turbulence on quantized vortex lines in superfluids near zero temperature. Our first model is obtained from a truncated expansion of the Local Induction Approximation (Truncated-LIA) and it is shown to possess the same scalings and the essential behaviour as the full Biot-Savart model, being much simpler than the later and, therefore, more amenable to theoretical and numerical investigations. The Truncated-LIA model supports six-wave interactions and dual cascades, which are clearly demonstrated via the direct numerical simulation of this model in the present paper. In particular, our simulations confirm presence of the weak turbulence regime and the theoretically predicted spectra for the direct energy cascade and the inverse wave action cascade. The second type of model we study, the Differential Approximation Model (DAM), takes a further drastic simplification by assuming locality of interactions in k-space via using a differential closure that preserves the main scalings of the Kelvin wave dynamics. DAMs are even more amenable to study and they form a useful tool by providing simple analytical solutions in the cases when extra physical effects are present, e.g. forcing by reconnections, friction dissipation and phonon radiation. We study these models numerically and test their theoretical predictions, in particular the formation of the stationary spectra, and closeness of numerics for the higher-order DAM to the analytical predictions for the lower-order DAM
ΠΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΒΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΈ
The article considers the mutual influence of the archetypes of Self, corporativity, and hierarchy on the educational process in the online environment.The increase of hierarchical trends in the social institution of education as a result of the emergence of national states and the reforms launched by them, is noted on the example of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The influence of abstractive impersonality, inherentΒ for a hierarchy, on the manifestations of corporativity is analyzed. Indications are given on the influence of the corporativity, hierarchy, and Self archetypes on the process of emergence of collective identity, in close connection with differentiation and specialization within the group. The role of archetypes in the implementation of the reproduction function imposed by society on educational institutions is noted. The article expresses the idea of the Self archetypeΒ»s role in removing contradictions between the archetypes of corporativity and hierarchy. It also lists the problems caused by strengthening the hierarchy archetype in education. The author analyzes the distinctive features of the online form of education in comparison with the usual offline format in the development of the hierarchical, corporate and individual phenomena. The multidirectional possibilities of the electronic format are shown, which can be used both to reinforce and to weaken the tendencies of the archetypes of Self, corporativity, and hierarchy. It is pointed out that there is a contradiction between the innovative form of e-education and the conservatism of the collective unconscious. It is also noted that unconscious schemes of archetypes can be supplemented at the conscious level of culture by filling them with variable symbols and images. Some examples of educational projects on the Internet are given. It is concluded that the rebalancing of the influence of archetypes in favor of Self and corporativity is revealed primarily in online projects that are not controlled by traditional hierarchical organizationsl.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ²ΡΡΡΠΎ-ΠΠ΅Π½Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½Π°Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ½Π»Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ
- β¦