Cadangan Prospektif Asuransi Jiwa Berjangka Dengan Hukum De Moivre

This article discusses the calculation of the prospective reserve for term life insurance with De Moivre\u27s law to someone with the age of x where the money will be paid only if the insurance client dies within the term of protection. Based on the calculation, this prospective reserve is influenced by single premium, present value of annuity due, and annual premium, for which the calculation is done using De Moivre\u27s law

Premi Asuransi Jiwa Gabungan Berjangka dengan Asumsi Gompertz

This article discusses the annual premium of term insurance for joint life. In this kind of insurance, the sum assured of two people insured with the age of and is paid if only one of the insureds dies during the coverage period and then no more premium payment. The annual premium is affected by single premium and present value of annuity due, where Gompertz assumption is used in calculation. A bigger premium is obtained using the Gompertz assumption

Model Seleksi pada Asuransi Jiwa Dwiguna dengan Uang Pertanggungan Meningkat

This paper discusses the use of select model on endowment increasing insurance in determining premium for person currently aged x+s , who was selected at age with ℎyear selection period. Premiums covered are premiums payable times a year, based on calculation of gross premium by considering the management expenses of insurance company. The calculation of the premiums payable times a year is influenced by the life annuities-due and determinedusing the approximation under the uniform distribution of death assumption and expressed in commutation function

Pengaruh Brand Image Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Dengan Persepsi Nilai Sebagai Variabel Perantara Di Tx Travel Surabaya

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui: pengaruh signifikan brand image terhadap persepsi nilai TX Travel, pengaruh signifikan brand image terhadap persepsi nilai tour leader TX Travel, pengaruh signifikan persepsi nilai TX Travel terhadap kepuasan pelanggan TX Travel, pengaruh signifikan persepsi nilai tour leader terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, pengaruh signifikan brand image terhadap kepuasan pelanggan TX Travel melalui persepsi nilai sebagai variabel moderating. Hasil dari penelitian ini: Brand image berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap persepsi nilai TX Travel, Brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap persepsi nilai pelanggan tour leader TX Travel, Persepsi nilai Perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, Persepsi nilai tour leader berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, Brand image berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan TX Travel melalui persepsi nilai sebagai variabel moderating

A Note on Node Coloring in the SINR Model

A $\xi$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of the nodes of $G$ with $\xi$ colors in such a way any two neighboring nodes have different colors. We prove that there exists a $O(\Delta \log n)$ time distributed algorithm computing a $O(\Delta)$-colroing for unit disc graphs under the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)-based physical model ($\Delta$ is the maximum degree of the graph). We also show that, for a well defined constant $d$, a $d$-hop $O(\Delta)$-coloring allows us to schedule an interference free MAC protocol under the physical SINR constraints. For instance this allows us to prove that any point-to-point message passing algorithm with running time $\tau$ can be simulated in the SINR model in $O(\Delta (\log n + \tau))$ time using messages of well chosen size. All our algorithms are proved to be correct with high probability

Epigenetic inactivation of mir-34b/c in addition to mir-34a and DAPK1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

BACKGROUND: TP53 mutation/deletion is uncommon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We postulated that components of TP53-centered tumor suppressor network, miR-34b/c, in addition to DAPK1 and miR-34a might be inactivated by DNA hypermethylation. Moreover, we tested if miR-34b/c methylation might correlate with miR-203 or miR-124-1 methylation in CLL. METHODS: miR-34b/c, miR-34a and DAPK1 methylation was studied in 11 normal controls, 7 CLL cell lines, and 78 diagnostic CLL samples by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. MEC-1 cells were treated with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine for reversal of methylation-associated miRNA silencing. Tumor suppressor properties of miR-34b were demonstrated by over-expression of precursor miR-34b in MEC-1 cells. RESULTS: miR-34b/c promoter was unmethylated in normal controls, but completely methylated in 4 CLL cell lines. miR-34b/c expression was inversely correlated with miR-34b/c methylation. Different MSP statuses of miR-34b/c, including complete methylation and complete unmethylation, were verified by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment resulted in promoter demethylation and miR-34b re-expression in MEC1 cells. Moreover, over-expression of miR-34b resulted in inhibition of cellular proliferation and increased cell death. In primary CLL samples, miR-34a, miR-34b/c and DAPK1 methylation was detected in 2.6%, 17.9% and 34.6% of patients at diagnosis respectively. Furthermore, 39.7%, 3.8% and 2.6% patients had methylation of one, two or all three genes respectively. Overall, 46.2% patients had methylation of at least one of these three genes. Besides, miR-34b/c methylation was associated with methylation of miR-34a (P = 0.03) and miR-203 (P = 0.012) in CLL. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, miR-34b/c is a tumor suppressor miRNA frequently methylated, and hence silenced in CLL. Together with DAPK1 methylation, miR-34b/c methylation is implicated in the disruption of the TP53-centered tumor suppressor network. Moreover, the association of miRNA methylation warrants further study.published_or_final_versio

Surviving critical illness: what is next? An expert consensus statement on physical rehabilitation after hospital discharge

Background: The study objective was to obtain consensus on physical therapy (PT) in the rehabilitation of critical illness survivors after hospital discharge. Research questions were: what are PT goals, what are recommended measurement tools, and what constitutes an optimal PT intervention for survivors of critical illness? Methods: A Delphi consensus study was conducted. Panelists were included based on relevant fields of expertise, years of clinical experience, and publication record. A literature review determined five themes, forming the basis for Delphi round one, which was aimed at generating ideas. Statements were drafted and ranked on a 5-point Likert scale in two additional rounds with the objective to reach consensus. Results were expressed as median and semi-interquartile range, with the consensus threshold set at ≤0.5. Results: Ten internationally established researchers and clinicians participated in this Delphi panel, with a response rate of 80 %, 100 %, and 100 % across three rounds. Consensus was reached on 88.5 % of the statements, resulting in a framework for PT after hospital discharge. Essential handover information should include information on 15 parameters. A core set of outcomes should test exercise capacity, skeletal muscle strength, function in activities of daily living, mobility, quality of life, and pain. PT interventions should include functional exercises, circuit and endurance training, strengthening exercises for limb and respiratory muscles, education on recovery, and a nutritional component. Screening tools to identify impairments in other health domains and referral to specialists are proposed. Conclusions: A consensus-based framework for optimal PT after hospital discharge is proposed. Future research should focus on feasibility testing of this framework, developing risk stratification tools and validating core outcome measures for ICU survivors

A unified approach for the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation

This paper explores the use of a discrete singular convolution algorithm as a unified approach for numerical integration of the Fokker-Planck equation. The unified features of the discrete singular convolution algorithm are discussed. It is demonstrated that different implementations of the present algorithm, such as global, local, Galerkin, collocation, and finite difference, can be deduced from a single starting point. Three benchmark stochastic systems, the repulsive Wong process, the Black-Scholes equation and a genuine nonlinear model, are employed to illustrate the robustness and to test accuracy of the present approach for the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation via a time-dependent method. An additional example, the incompressible Euler equation, is used to further validate the present approach for more difficult problems. Numerical results indicate that the present unified approach is robust and accurate for solving the Fokker-Planck equation.Comment: 19 page

Quantitative model for inferring dynamic regulation of the tumour suppressor gene p53

Background: The availability of various "omics" datasets creates a prospect of performing the study of genome-wide genetic regulatory networks. However, one of the major challenges of using mathematical models to infer genetic regulation from microarray datasets is the lack of information for protein concentrations and activities. Most of the previous researches were based on an assumption that the mRNA levels of a gene are consistent with its protein activities, though it is not always the case. Therefore, a more sophisticated modelling framework together with the corresponding inference methods is needed to accurately estimate genetic regulation from "omics" datasets. Results: This work developed a novel approach, which is based on a nonlinear mathematical model, to infer genetic regulation from microarray gene expression data. By using the p53 network as a test system, we used the nonlinear model to estimate the activities of transcription factor (TF) p53 from the expression levels of its target genes, and to identify the activation/inhibition status of p53 to its target genes. The predicted top 317 putative p53 target genes were supported by DNA sequence analysis. A comparison between our prediction and the other published predictions of p53 targets suggests that most of putative p53 targets may share a common depleted or enriched sequence signal on their upstream non-coding region. Conclusions: The proposed quantitative model can not only be used to infer the regulatory relationship between TF and its down-stream genes, but also be applied to estimate the protein activities of TF from the expression levels of its target genes

Multi-ancestry study of blood lipid levels identifies four loci interacting with physical activity.

Many genetic loci affect circulating lipid levels, but it remains unknown whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, modify these genetic effects. To identify lipid loci interacting with physical activity, we performed genome-wide analyses of circulating HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in up to 120,979 individuals of European, African, Asian, Hispanic, and Brazilian ancestry, with follow-up of suggestive associations in an additional 131,012 individuals. We find four loci, in/near CLASP1, LHX1, SNTA1, and CNTNAP2, that are associated with circulating lipid levels through interaction with physical activity; higher levels of physical activity enhance the HDL cholesterol-increasing effects of the CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 loci and attenuate the LDL cholesterol-increasing effect of the CNTNAP2 locus. The CLASP1, LHX1, and SNTA1 regions harbor genes linked to muscle function and lipid metabolism. Our results elucidate the role of physical activity interactions in the genetic contribution to blood lipid levels