Effect of agronomic biofortification on growth, yield, uptake and quality characters of maize (Zea mays .L) through integrated management practices under North-eastern region of Tamil Nadu, India

Agronomic biofortification increases the concentration of target mineral in edible portions of crops by the use of mineral fertilizers to increase dietary intake of target minerals. Among these iron and zinc deficiencies in human nutrition are noticed in countries where maize is the staple food. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic biofortification performance in association with Integrated Nutrient Management in maize (Zea mays .L). The study was conducted under field conditions in Chinnakandiankuppam village, Vriddhachalam Taluk, in the North-eastern region of Tamil Nadu state, India of Kharif 2020 season. Two hybrids in main plots (M1 – Non biofortified and M2 – Biofortified) were combined with six treatments in sub-plots (100 % RDF through NPK (S1), 100 % RDF through FYM (S2), 50% RDF through NPK + 50% through FYM (S3) as soil application, S1+ Zinc + Iron (S4), S2 +Zinc + Iron (S5) and S3 + Zinc + Iron (S6) as foliar application with evaluations were carried out in wet season period of the year. Application of 50 percent RDF through NPK + 50 percent RDF through FYM with Fe, Zn, foliar applications (S6) was the most efficient agronomic biofortification practice for growth attributes, yield and yield attributes, nutrient uptake, and quality parameters for the maize cropping system under the irrigated condition of the northeastern zone of Tamilnadu State, India.

An Efficient Method to Improve the Audio Quality Using AAC Low Complexity Decoder

This paper presents a new approach to design a Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) audio decoder is introduced to improve the superiority of audio. Countries all over the world use DAB broadcasting systems more prominently, in Europe. DAB+ is the upgraded version of digital audio broadcasting. DAB and DAB+ coexist in many countries, so receivers are essential to be compatible with both standards. DAB+ is approximately twice as efficient as DAB due to the adoption of the AAC+ audio codec, and DAB+ can provide high quality audio with bit rates as low as 64 kbit/s. Integrating an MPEG-1 Layer II (MP2) decoder and Advanced Audio Coding Low Complexity (AAC LC) decoder provides a fundamental audio decoding for DAB and DAB+. The generated audio frames data from the DAB channel decoders are stored in RAM. The bit stream demultiplexer parses the quantized spectrum data in the audio. The inverse quantization performs the inverse quantization computation and synthesis filter generates the time domain Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) samples, all the above operation results writes them back to the audio RAM. The existing system of this project uses HE AAC V2 decoder, that system consists has SBR and PS technologies. This two technologies are used to improve the sound quality in low bit rate program. The proposed scheme is uses AAC LC and MP2 decoder it improve the sound quality in high bit rate. The simulation of this project is carried out by using MATLAB R2011a and Xilinx ISE 9.2i. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15039

Yield maximization of direct sown rice (Oryza sativa l.) under water constraint situation

More efficient water management practices need to be adopted for better sustainable rice production grown under traditional areas due to increased water scarcity. Among the different water management practices, efficient new generation water-saving chemicals and organic products were used to conserve water under field condition.  An experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield maximization in direct sown CO51 rice (Oryza sativa L.) under water constraint situation.  The main plot treatments comprised of three levels of irrigation viz., Conventional irrigation (M1), Tensiometer based irrigation (M2) and Deficit irrigation (M3), respectively and were tested with four different water conservation practices in sub-plots viz., soil application of water-saving crystals (WSC) @ 5 kg ha-1 (S1), foliar application of drought shield @ 3 litres ha-1 (S2 ), soil application of humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 (S3) and soil application of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 (S4). Experimental results indicated that Tensiometer based irrigation with soil application humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 M2S3) recorded higher number of panicles m-2  (411) and number of filled grains panicle-1 (108.16) in direct-sown rice.  However, M2S3 recorded significantly maximum grain yield (6352 kg ha-1) and minimum (3940 kg ha-1) in (M3S4) deficit irrigation applied with FYM @12.5 t ha-1 in the year 2018 Sornavari season, respectively. Thus the Tensiometer based irrigation with soil application of humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 can be a feasible approach for increasing grain yield and conserve water in north eastern region of Tamil Nadu, by promoting water use efficiency method in direct rice cultivation areas.

Approximating k-Forest with Resource Augmentation: A Primal-Dual Approach

In this paper, we study the $k$-forest problem in the model of resource augmentation. In the $k$-forest problem, given an edge-weighted graph $G(V,E)$, a parameter $k$, and a set of $m$ demand pairs $\subseteq V \times V$, the objective is to construct a minimum-cost subgraph that connects at least $k$ demands. The problem is hard to approximate---the best-known approximation ratio is $O(\min\{\sqrt{n}, \sqrt{k}\})$. Furthermore, $k$-forest is as hard to approximate as the notoriously-hard densest $k$-subgraph problem. While the $k$-forest problem is hard to approximate in the worst-case, we show that with the use of resource augmentation, we can efficiently approximate it up to a constant factor. First, we restate the problem in terms of the number of demands that are {\em not} connected. In particular, the objective of the $k$-forest problem can be viewed as to remove at most $m-k$ demands and find a minimum-cost subgraph that connects the remaining demands. We use this perspective of the problem to explain the performance of our algorithm (in terms of the augmentation) in a more intuitive way. Specifically, we present a polynomial-time algorithm for the $k$-forest problem that, for every $\epsilon>0$, removes at most $m-k$ demands and has cost no more than $O(1/\epsilon^{2})$ times the cost of an optimal algorithm that removes at most $(1-\epsilon)(m-k)$ demands

(2,2′-Bipyridine-4,4′-dicarb­oxy­lic acid-κ2 N,N′)chlorido(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridyl-κ3 N,N′,N′′)ruthenium(II) perchlorate ethanol monosolvate monohydrate

In the title compound, [RuCl(C15H11N3)(C12H8N2O4)]ClO4·C2H5OH·H2O, the geometry of the ClN5 coordination set around the RuII atom is close to octa­hedral, but distorted on account of the limited bite angles of the polypyridyl ligands. The complexes are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups and the crystal lattice water mol­ecules into chains along [110]. Face-to-face stacking inter­actions are formed between terpyridine ligands, with inter­planar separations of 3.66 (1) and 3.42 (1) Å, and between bipyridine-4,4′-dicarb­oxy­lic acid ligands, with inter­planar separations of 3.65 (1) and 3.72 (1) Å. Three O atoms of the perchlorate ion are each disordered equally over two positions. The hy­droxy group of the ethanol mol­ecule is also disordered over two sites with refined occupancies of 0.794 (9) and 0.206 (9)

Entanglement entropies in free fermion gases for arbitrary dimension

We study the entanglement entropy of connected bipartitions in free fermion gases of N particles in arbitrary dimension d. We show that the von Neumann and Renyi entanglement entropies grow asymptotically as N^(1-1/d) ln N, with a prefactor that is analytically computed using the Widom conjecture both for periodic and open boundary conditions. The logarithmic correction to the power-law behavior is related to the area-law violation in lattice free fermions. These asymptotic large-N behaviors are checked against exact numerical calculations for N-particle systems.Comment: 6 pages, 9 fig

Fish-hook injuries: a risk for fishermen

Fishing is one of the best known and practiced human activities. However, you should remember that, when casting the hook from the riverbank or grasping it to add bait, fishermen run a real risk of injury if the hook punctures the skin

White-light phosphorescence emission from a single molecule: application to OLED

A simple mononuclear cyclometallated iridium(III) complex exhibits white photo- and electro- luminescence in the wavelength range from 440 to 800 nm, which originates from a single emitting excited state of mixed character.Bolink Henk, [email protected] ; Coronado Miralles, Eugenio, [email protected]