REPRESENTATIONS OF EDGE REGULAR BIPOLAR FUZZY GRAPHS

V. Ramadass & D. Kalpana, “Representations of Edge Regular Bipolar Fuzzy Graphs”, International Journal of Applied and Advanced Scientific Research, Volume 2, Issue 2, Page Number 267-272, 2017

The purification and properties of a ribonuclease from Salmonella typhimurium extract

A ribonuclease has been purified about 140-fold from extracts of Salmonella typhimurium through ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The optimum pH for the hydrolytic breakdown of RNA is 7. The enzyme hydrolyzes polyadenylic acid (poly A), polycytidylic acid (poly C), and polyuridylic acid (poly U) at much faster rates than transfer RNA. Polyinosinic acid (poly I) was not hydrolyzed at all. Higher concentrations of poly A and poly U (above 200 μg per ml) were inhibitory. A mixture of poly A and poly U in the proportion 1:2, which is known to produce maximum secondary interaction, is also inhibitory. These results indicate that the secondary structures of nucleic acids interfere with the action of the nuclease. The first product of hydrolysis is a 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide which is poorly hydrolyzed to the 3'-nucleotide. The enzyme behaves as an endonuclease. The properties of the S. typhimurium nuclease have been compared with those of RNase I of Escherichia coli. Although there are some differences, the S. typhimurium nuclease is like RNase I in its mode of action

Serum Soluble α Klotho and FGF 23 levels in Chronic Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is an emerging global health issue with prevalence between 11 to 13%. Pathological variations of Klotho – FGF 23 in chronic kidney disease are implicated as clinical biomarkers and may bring forth novel therapeutic strategies. The FGF 23 – Klotho endocrine axis plays a vital role in mineral metabolism. Transmembrane Klotho is expressed in renal tubules and acts as a coreceptor for FGF 23. Circulating α Klotho results from the shedding of membrane Klotho and involves in transport of calcium and phosphate. AIM OF THE STUDY: To estimate the level of serum soluble α Klotho and FGF 23 levels in CKD patients and to establish its role in chronic kidney disease - mineral bone disease. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. Group A - individuals diagnosed with CKD (KDOQI guidelines). Group B - age and sex matched healthy subjects. METHODOLOGY: Serum urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, urine PCR - spectrophotometric method Serum soluble α Klotho & FGF 23 –ELISA. Serum PTH-ECLIA. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data analysis- SPSS software, Student-t test, Chi-square test, multiple regression analysis, Pearson correlation and ROC. RESULTS: Serum soluble α Klotho and FGF23 were assayed in 60 CKD patients (age 51 ± 11 years) in various stages. Serum Klotho was lower than normal (3.33 ± 1.37 versus 5.61 ± 2.12 ng/mL, p value -0.001). Klotho correlated positively with Egfr and negatively with FGF 23. FGF 23 was higher than normal (337.17±156.17 versus 221.67±37.13pg/mL, p value -0.001). FGF 23 correlated negatively with eGFR and Klotho. Changes in Klotho and FGF23 precede the changes in PTH, calcium and phosphate. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate a negative effect of renal disease on Klotho causing tubular resistance to FGF 23 which is increased accordingly. Thus Klotho and FGF 23 may be considered as early markers of CKD progression and complications

Nuclear receptor coactivators: Regulators of steroid action in brain and behavior

Steroid hormones act in specific regions of the brain to alter behavior and physiology. While it has been well established that the bioavailability of the steroid and the expression of its receptor is critical to understanding steroid action in brain, the importance of nuclear receptor coactivators in brain is becoming more apparent. This review will focus on the function of the p160 family of coactivators, which includes steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), SRC-2 and SRC-3, in steroid receptor action in brain. The expression, regulation and function of these coactivators in steroiddependent gene expression in brain and behavior will be discussed

Pregnancy-related Deaths in Rural Rajasthan, India: Exploring Causes, Context, and Care-seeking Through Verbal Autopsy

In 2002-2003, all deaths (n=156) of women aged 15-49 years in a block of southern Rajasthan were investigated to determine the cause of death and care-seeking behaviour. Family members of 156 (98%) of 160 deceased women were interviewed following the comprehensive listing of all deaths among women of reproductive age. Of the 156 deaths, 31 (20%) were pregnancy-related; 77% of these women died during the postpartum period, and 74% of the deaths occurred in the home. Direct and indirect obstetric causes were responsible for 58% and 29% of the deaths respectively; 12% were injury-related deaths. Medical care was sought for 65% of the women, and 29% were hospitalized. Family perception of not being able to afford treatment at distant hospitals was a major barrier to seeking care, and 60% of those who sought care had to borrow money for treatment. Lack of skilled attendance and immediate postpartum care were major factors contributing to deaths. Improved access to emergency obstetric care facilities in rural areas and steps to eliminate costs at public hospitals would be crucial to prevent pregnancy-related deaths

A study on coating of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose incorporated with a nano-emulsion of Piper betel leaf essential oil to enhance shelf-life and improve postharvest quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Edible coating films derived from essential oils effectively preserve farm produce, especially fruits and vegetables, and the technology is widely prevalent in improving their shelf life. The present study aimed to reduce the post-harvest loss and extend the shelf life of tomatoes using edible coatings based on Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) containing Piper betel leaf essential oil nano-emulsion as an antibacterial and bioactive compound. It also aimed for optimal extraction of essential oils (EO) from Piper betel leaves which contain various medicinal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds such as chavibetol, eugenol, and other compounds. The essential oils were extracted, and nano-emulsion was prepared by a low-energy emulsification method and incorporated into edible HPMC composite to determine whether the edible coatings of the nano-emulsion of Piper betel leaf could delay the changes that lead to deterioration of the fruit. Results showed that the coatings delayed 5 % changes in color, 8% weight loss, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, soluble solids concentration, lycopene, and decay percentage, compared to uncoated control fruits. It was inferred that tomatoes that were coated with 15% nano-emulsion containing dipping solution showed a significant increase in the shelf life of tomatoes up to 8 days. Therefore, it is suggested to use HPMC containing the Piper betel oil nano-emulsion as an edible coating, extending the shelf-life of tomato fruits post-harvest