Eighteen Lesser Texts on Social Perspectives

Eighteen Lesser books are the literature that enriches the life of man. It is not only life to live, but it is better to live by living others. If man wants to succeed in his life, he has to overcome many adversities. The first step to success is to think before doing anything.  Elements of life are essential for success in life. The essential aspects of life for such a society are found in the books of the following accounts.  The purpose of this study is to explain them

A Study on Mandhara Kasam (Bronchial Asthma)

The increasing incidence of the respiratory diseases forced my dissertation work to be Manthara kaasam and to treat with the trail drug THAKKOLATHI CHOORANAM – 3 gm (thrice a day after food with hot water) for the control of the disease. The trial medicine was subjected to Biochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological analysis. Twenty patients of either sex were selected as In-patients and Out-patients. The trial drug was administered to them and the majority of the cases showed good results. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Respiratory disease affects mankind irrespective of age. Manthara kaasam is one among such diseases that affects the vayu (piranan). Siddhars have enumerated many medicine for Manthara kaasam. The disease symptoms correlates with bronchial asthma in modern aspect. The socio economic impact of bronchial asthma is enormous. The prevalence of bronchial asthma is increasing in developing countries like India. According to Siddha system of medicine the symptoms of Manthara kaasam can be controlled by proper medication and diet. Objectives: • The objective of this dissertation work includes the study to explore definition, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations, treatment and diet for Manthara kaasam as per Siddha literature. • This study also includes the aims at observing the incidence of the disease with regard to age, sex, occupation, socio economic status, family history, food and other habits, nilam and paruvakalam. • This disease alters the normal conditions in mukkutram, poripulangal, envagai thervugal, naadi, neerkuri and neikuri. These can also be studied and the comparative study of this disease with modern aspect is done in this dissertation. • The main objective of this study is to do clinical trial with THAKKOLATHI CHOORANAM (AGATHIYAR IRANDAIYIRAM MOONDRAM PAAGAM Pg. No. 105) for Manthara kaasam and its evluation in Biochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological studies. SUMMARY: Manthara kasam is the common respiratory disease seen in day to day clinical practice. In this clinical study 20 patients of both sexes of varying age groups were selected as In-patients 20 patients as out-patients. The entire course of treatment regime as follows: Thakkolathi chooranam – 3 gm thrice a day after meals with hot water. • Manthara kasam is an episodic disease which prolongs for year and occurs episodically. So Thakkolathi chooranam is orally administered for a course of treatment. • The drug has significant antihistamine property. This help to get rid of the symptoms like cough, running nose, sneezing, which in turn relieve the broncho spasm, tightness of the chest. • The results of this clinical trial were found to be very encouraging in almost every cases. There was marked improvement within few days of treatment. All the In-patients and Out-patiets were instructed to follow up the treatment. • No recurrence of the disease was seen the treatment schedule. There were no clinical side effects, toxic effects during the coarse of treatment. • The trial drugs were found to play the major role to correct the deranged three humours, thereby correcting Pranan, Abanan, Udhanan, Kirugaran, Devathathan Vayus, Pitham such as Anal Pitham and the vitiated kabam is restored to the normal. • All the patients were adviced to follows strict diet restrictions and adviced to practice Pranayamam and Yoga therapy. • Clinically 82.5% of the patients showed good results. • Pharmacological analysis showed that the trial drugs. Thakkolathi chooranam has significant Antispasmodic action, Antihistaminic effect and Anti-inflamatory effect. • Anti microbial study showed the trial drugs Thakkolathi chooranam are sensitive to E.coli

Effect of long term fertilization on phosphorus dynamics in root zone environment under finger millet - Maize cropping sequence

In an agro-ecosystem, phosphorus (P) is found in organic and an inorganic form which includes soluble P, sorbed P and mineral bounded P. In soil, added P sources undergo various soil processes like mineralization, immobilization, precipitation, weathering, dissolution, sorption and desorption. For understanding the P dynamics in clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil, the present study was undertaken in P dynamics under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environment of maize in Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the fractions of various pools of inorganic NaOH extractable Fe - P, H2SO4 extractable Ca- P, NH4F extractable Al- P, NH4Cl extractable Saloid P and Na citrate - Dithionate extractable Reductant soluble P were dominant in the non-rhizospheric soil than rhizospheric environment. The order of inorganic P fractions in the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric region of the soil was found as Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Reductant soluble-P > Saloid P and the knee-high stage of the non - rhizosphere soil recorded the highest inorganic as well organic P fractions. Irrespective of P fractions, Ca – P was recorded high (192.5 &  186.7 mg kg-1 ) followed by Fe - P (40.8& 34.9 mg kg-1) at a knee-high stage in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. Practising various nutrient management systems, application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded significant changes in all inorganic (Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Reductant soluble-P, Saloid P), organic fractions and also Total P followed by 150% NPK (T3) in sandy clay loam soil. Nowadays, increasing demand for P fertilizer in India, judicious use of P fertilizer is important. Despite that, intensively cultivated soils have a lot of P reserves like organic and inorganic P pools and effective way of P transformation management could reduce the quantum of P fertilization in soil

Comparative cytotoxicity of in vitro and field grown shoots of Withania somnifera in Caenorhabditis elegans model

Indian ginseng, also known as Withania somnifera, is a popular medicinal plant used as a domestic treatment for a number of age-related illnesses. The field grown WS roots are referred as as a Rasayana (Rejuvenator) medication in the traditional Ayurvedic medicine of India. It has been utilized as the main component in many formulations to help slow down the aging process, manage stress, and be a remarkable neuroprotectant. The quantity and quality of traditionally grown plants, however, provide a considerable hurdle to their use in herbal-based products. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of shoots of in vitro developed W. somnifera, in Caenorhabditis elegans model and to compare the toxicological effect with that of plant shoots grown in the field. We found that biosafety is strictly concentration dependent. It was clear from the results that 250 µg/µL of W. somnifera shoot extract exhibited maximum viability for wild type animals.&nbsp

Effect of organic and inorganic nutrients on rice (Oryza sativa var. CO 51) productivity and soil fertility in the Western zone of Tamil Nadu, India

In sustainable agriculture, to ensure high-quality food production, a combination of organic and inorganic nutrient sources are required. During the winter season of 2020, a field experiment was undertaken in the western zone of Tamil Nadu to assess the effects of organics and inorganics on the growth, yield, and soil properties of rice, Oryza sativa var. CO 51. The experiment was framed in Random Block Design (RBD) comprising of 8 treatments viz., Recommended dose of fertilizer Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) approach (T1), RDF 75 % + Farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T2), T2 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T3), RDF 75 % + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), T4 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T5), FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T6), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T7) and absolute control (T8) , replicated thrice. Among the integrated nutrient management practices, T5 proved its superiority over other treatments with respect to growth and physiological parameters followed by T3. This would have been because of the solubilization of phosphorus in the soil by AM organisms which is made accessible for crop growth. Utilization of biofertilizer enhanced the N availability and solubilized the inaccessible phosphorus, which thus recorded higher N accessibility and better phosphorus uptake when applied along with a recommended dose of fertilizer for rice.

Multifactorial Aspects Influencing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern, with a prevalence of up to 25% worldwide. While once considered a benign condition, NAFLD is now recognized as a major cause of chronic liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial and involves a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifactorial aspects of NAFLD, including genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, gut microbiota, dietary factors, and physical inactivity. We also discuss the role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatic steatosis in the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we review the current and emerging therapies for NAFLD and NASH, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and surgical approaches. The multifactorial nature of NAFLD requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, with a focus on addressing the underlying metabolic and environmental factors that contribute to its development and progression

Redetermination of poly[μ-chlorido-hepta­chlorido-μ3-l-proline-μ2-l-proline-tetra­mercury(II)]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Hg4Cl8(C5H9NO2)2]n, consists of four HgCl2 units and two L-proline ligands in the zwitterionic form. In each HgCl2 unit, the HgII ion is strongly bonded to two Cl atoms, and the HgII ions in two of the HgCl2 units are chelated by O atoms of two l-proline ligands, with one strong and one weak Hg—O bond. In the crystal structure, HgCl2 and L-proline units are linked to form an extended chain along the a axis. The chain structure is further stabilized by N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, and the chains are arranged in layers parallel to the ab plane. The structure of the title compound was originally determined by Ehsan, Malik & Haider [(1996). J. Banglad. Acad. Sci. 20, 175] but no three-dimensional coordinates are available

Endocrine Autoimmunity in Association with Female Infertility

Infertility is the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, affecting 10-15% of couples. Advanced age, obesity, and certain medications can hinder fertility. Endocrine autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to female infertility, often complicating various gynecological conditions. Autoimmune issues involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, and ovaries can impact fertility. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for diagnosing infertility, with a crucial focus on identifying potential endocrine disorders. Here we discuss how to identify endocrine autoimmune patients with ovulatory dysfunction. Women must be advised about limiting factors to be avoided, to protect their fertility. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms, coupled with appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, is crucial for effectively managing this complex condition and helping women achieve their reproductive goals

Assessment of long term status of sputum positive pulmonary TB patients successfully treated with short course chemotherapy

Background: Long term status of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients treated with short course chemotherapy (SCC) regimens remains unknown. Objective: To assess the clinical, bacteriological, radiological status and health related quality of life (HRQoL) of PTB patients 14 -18 years after successful treatment with SCC. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study, cured PTB patients treated during 1986 – 1990 at the Tuberculosis Research Centre (TRC) were investigated for their current health status including pulmonary function tests (PFT). The St Georges respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to assess the HRQoL Results: The mean period after treatment completion for the 363 eligible participants was 16.5yrs (range 14-18 yrs, 84% coverage) ; 25 (7 %) had been re-treated and 52 (14%) died. Among the investigated, 58 (29%) had persistent respiratory symptoms; 170(86%) had radiological sequelae but none had active disease. Abnormal PFT was observed in 96 (65%) with predominantly restrictive type of disease in 66(45%). The SGRQ scores for activity and impact were high implying impairment in HRQoL. Conclusion: Assessment of long term status of cured PTB patients showed an impairment of lung functions and HRQoL highlighting the need to address these issues in the management of TB that may provide added value to patient care