Death Defied: James Joyce\u27s Naturalistic Evolution

Death, as a thematic and narrative motif, is of particular import to the Naturalistic literary approach. This is extremely evident in the work of James Joyce, on whom the Naturalist movement had a notable influence. Throughout his career Joyce utilized the subtext surrounding death in the father-son relationship to criticize Irish culture as it appears in his works. However, Joyce was not content to simply recreate a textbook interpretation of Naturalism. Joyce developed the core principles of the Naturalistic approach, starting with a basic and purely Naturalistic approach in his early writing; Joyce eventually managed to subvert and reinterpret the literary style that inspired his career. In Joyce\u27s earliest short story “The Sisters” (1914) he recounts the death of the defrocked priest Father Flynn from the perspective of a young boy to question the effects of the judgmental and unyielding nature of religion as Flynn is allowed to slip further into ill-health due to being excommunicated from the church. Joyce\u27s work becomes all the more complex in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) as he presents the subtleties of Simon and Stephen Dedalus\u27s relationship, and in the process criticizes paternalism as it leads to Simon\u27s failures and spiritual demise. Finally, in Ulysses (1922) he makes light of death itself as he presents the humorous and irreverent insight of Stephen\u27s alternative father figure Leopold Bloom as he attends the funeral of Paddy Dignam. In my paper I will examine death as it appears in these works spanning Joyce\u27s career. In the process, I observe the effect of Joyce\u27s treatment of death and paternalism, and how they, like his writing and interpretation of Naturalism, evolve throughout his career

Benefits of swimming for young children

The Swimming Charter (DfES, 2003) developed a national top-up scheme for children who were struggling to swim 25 metres unaided by the end of primary school. This particular scheme was used for the children within the case school setting who were unable to swim unaided. 25 children (15 girls and 10 boys) undertook 7 consecutive top-up swimming lessons, during one school term, during the Spring. The lessons were taught by the same class teacher and undertaken in the local swimming pool, lasting 45 minutes. The primary school was located in the South East of England and followed the English National Curriculum (DfE 2013). The head teacher and class teacher (who taught the swimming) felt that it was important to offer the top-up national Swimming Charter (DfES 2003) scheme to the children within the school who were not able to swim 25 metres. The children were from two different classes, so the swimming lessons, not only provided the children with a positive learning environment in which children were able to improve their swimming skills and self-esteem, but also interact with peers they would not normally encounter. Within every lesson the children undertook stroke development, life-saving skills and structured play at the end of the lesson, with an emphasis on enjoying being in the water. The class teacher who taught the swimming lessons had specialised in physical education during their training and completed extra swimming teaching ASA module qualifications. It is recognised that not all primary schools have this level of primary physical education specialists as class teachers (Carney and Howells, 2008). The children in the swimming sessions did not normally have lessons together, therefore this gave the class teacher the opportunity to consider the impact of not only the top-up scheme on developing swimming skills, but if there were any other potential benefits from using the scheme. The children completed a questionnaire and the 4 areas presented within this report are the children’s successfulness at being able to swim 25 metres unaided; well-being and safety; learning outside the classroom, and social interaction and self-esteem

Famine Roads and Big House Ghosts: History and Form in John Banville’s The Infinities

Este artigo considera o envolvimento de John Banville com as memórias da fome irlandesa e as convenções do romance gótico irlandês e sobre a Casa Grande em The Infinities, publicado em 2009, comparando sua abordagem desses tópicos à de Emily Lawless em sua coleção anterior Traits and Confidences de 1897. Argumento que o envolvimento de Banville com a história da fome irlandesa e as convenções do romance gótico irlandês e sobre a Casa Grande não são acidentais à exploração do romance sobre a problemática da identidade e da ideia de si, mas são fundamentais para sua delimitação temática. Além disso, sugiro que a forma experimental do romance se encaixa na tradição literária irlandesa, pois o romance de Banville desenvolve questões de identidade, forma e conteúdo, as quais são centrais ao texto de Lawless.This article considers John Banville’s engagement with memories of the Irish Famine and the conventions of the Irish Gothic and Big House novel in his 2009 novel The Infinities by comparing his approach to these topics to that of Emily Lawless in her considerably earlier 1897 collection Traits and Confidences. I argue that Banville’s engagement with the history of the Irish Famine and the conventions of the Irish Gothic and Big House novel are not incidental to the novel’s exploration of the problem of identity and the idea of the self but, rather, are fundamental to its thematic investments. Furthermore, I suggest that the novel’s experimental form fits into Irish literary tradition as Banville’s novel develops questions of identity, form, and content central to Lawless’s text

Problems of perceptibility affecting formal design in Nontonal music

The thesis argues that the absence of traditional referential elements,-such as tonality and metre, affects the exactitude with which the listener perceives certain aspects of nontonal music. It claims that the listener might impose his own interpretation on a work in which the musical patterns are too complex to be perceived exactly and that, in extreme cases, the patterns which the listener reads into the music may be completely subjective. The thesis examines the extent to which Webern and some post-Webernian composers determine the listener's response to their music and shows that certain aspects of Webern's music are simple enough to be easily grasped and to be perceived exactly and that these aspects control the way in which the listener understands Webern's music. It suggests that the nature of the musical material and the procedures employed in much post-Webernian music precludes the use of many of the controls found in Webern, but that other methods of determining the listener's response to the music can be found in some of the works of the post-Webernian composers. It argues, however, that in some post-Webernian music, and particularly in that composed using chance or serial methods, the listener's response to the music may not be determined by the composer. The thesis claims' that many of the important formal problems facing post-Webernian music must be considered in relation to the problems of auditory perception

Rock slope failure in the British mountains

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.In this first full review of extant Quaternary Rock Slope Failure (RSF) in the British mountains, we provide a near-complete inventory of 1082 sites, 40% being rock slope deformations, 40% arrested rockslides, and 20% rock avalanches. Current RSF activity is negligible, and this relict population is predominantly paraglacial, with a parafluvial minority. Its spatial distribution is perplexing, with RSF density varying greatly, both regionally and locally. In the Scottish Highlands, eight main clusters account for 76% of RSF area in 15% of the montane area. Local concentrations occur in all the British ranges, across high and low relief, in core and peripheral locations, and on varied geological and glaciological domains; as conversely do extensive areas of sparsity, even in similar lithologies. Generic interpretations are thus precluded. Geology is only a secondary control. An association with Concentrated Erosion of Bedrock (CEB) is proposed, as a driver of intensified slope stresses. CEB is most evident at those glacial breaches of main divides where the most vigorous recent incision is inferred, and also in some trough-heads. A clear association between RSFs and these ‘late-developing’ breaches is demonstrated in the Highlands, in 42 localities, with sparsity away from them. It is also seen in seven Lake District localities. Glaciological models identify ice sheet volatility capable of driving breach ramification. High-magnitude paleoseismic events are generally unlikely to have provoked RSF clusters; a few candidates are considered. RSF has been underrated as an agent of mountain landscape evolution in Britain; its spatio-temporal incidence may assist in calibrating regional ice sheet models, and in assessing climate change impacts. We argue that the CEB:RSF association has global relevance in identifying primary drivers of mass movement in bedrock

Membrane-domain mutations in respiratory complex I impede catalysis but do not uncouple proton pumping from ubiquinone reduction.

Respiratory complex I [NADH:ubiquinone (UQ) oxidoreductase] captures the free energy released from NADH oxidation and UQ reduction to pump four protons across an energy-transducing membrane and power ATP synthesis. Mechanisms for long-range energy coupling in complex I have been proposed from structural data but not yet evaluated by robust biophysical and biochemical analyses. Here, we use the powerful bacterial model system Paracoccus denitrificans to investigate 14 mutations of key residues in the membrane-domain Nqo13/ND4 subunit, defining the rates and reversibility of catalysis and the number of protons pumped per NADH oxidized. We reveal new insights into the roles of highly conserved charged residues in lateral energy transduction, confirm the purely structural role of the Nqo12/ND5 transverse helix, and evaluate a proposed hydrated channel for proton uptake. Importantly, even when catalysis is compromised the enzyme remains strictly coupled (four protons are pumped per NADH oxidized), providing no evidence for escape cycles that circumvent blocked proton-pumping steps

The application of vernacular Australian environmental design principles in Glenn Murcutt’s architecture

Glenn Murcutt is recognised as one of the most influential architects of the last few decades. His design philosophy, environmental awareness and in-depth understanding of the Australian context and vernacular architecture, have made him one of the leaders of critical regionalism worldwide. His buildings not only provide shelter, but also offer comfort with lower environmental impacts through simple, yet creative design solutions. Although Murcutt’s architecture is well documented, limited evidence-based research has been undertaken to study his approach to design and how this has a direct influence on visual and thermal comfort in his buildings; this paper aims to fill this gap

The use of CFD coupled with physical testing to develop a new range of vortex flow controls with attributes approaching the ideal flow control device

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Vortex flow controls (VFC) are devices which are well suited for use in drainage systems, as they exhibit non-constant, non-linear discharge coefficients that can be tailored to approach that of a constant flow-rate device. Also, they have no mechanical components or power requirements and have a reduced risk of blockage compared with traditional flow controls. However, due to their complex bi-stable discharge behaviour and the influences of turbulence, the design and scaling of these devices, is not a trivial process. In this paper a VFC design methodology is presented that enables the VFC geometry to be determined and optimized to approach the ideal hydraulic behaviour, for a given discharge limit. This is achieved through the calibration of simplified, axi-symmetric vortex solutions of the Navier-Stokes relationships, by means of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis and experimental hydraulic assessment. © 2011 ASCE

Transformer Oil Passivation and Impact of Corrosive Sulphur

In recent years a significant volume of research has been undertaken in order to understand the recent failures in oil insulated power apparatus due to deposition of copper sulphide on the conductors and in the insulation paper. Dibenzyl Disulfide (DBDS) has been found to be the leading corrosive sulphur compound in the insulation oil [1]. The process of copper sulphide formation and the deposition in the paper is still being investigated, but a recently proposed method seems to be gaining some confidence [1]. This method suggests a two-step process; initially the DBDS and some oil soluble copper complexes are formed. Secondly the copper complexes are absorbed in the paper insulation, where they then decompose into copper sulphide [2]. The most commonly used mitigating technique for corrosive sulphur contaminated oil is passivation, normally using Irgamet 39 or 1, 2, 3-benzotriazole (BTA). The passivator is diluted into the oil to a concentration of around 100ppm, where it then reacts with the copper conductors to form a complex layer around the copper, preventing it from interacting with DBDS compounds and forming copper sulphide. This research project will investigate the electrical properties of HV transformers which have tested positive for corrosive sulphur, and the evolution of those properties as the asset degrades due to sulphur corrosion. Parallel to this the long term properties of transformers with passivated insulation oil will be analysed in order to understand the passivator stability and whether it is necessary to keep adding the passivator to sustain its performance. Condition monitoring techniques under investigation will include dielectric spectroscopy, frequency response analysis, recovery voltage method (aka interfacial polarisation) amongst others. Partial discharge techniques will not be investigated, as the voltage between the coil plates is low and therefore it will not contribute significantly to the overall insulation breakdown, in corrosive oil related faults [3]. The goal of this research is to establish key electrical properties in both passivated and non-passivated power transformers that demonstrate detectable changes as the equipment degrades due to the insulation oil being corrosive

Computational fluid dynamics of vortex flow controls at low flow rates

PublishedJournal ArticleA vortex flow control with differing outlet shapes is investigated computationally at low flow rates. The volume of fluid method was utilised to track the moving free surface. In order to achieve a smooth free surface, interface compression coupled with the inter-gamma compressive scheme was used. The turbulent evolution of the two-phase flow was modelled by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the k-ε model for turbulent quantities. Validation of the results was carried out by analysing the total head and discharge coefficient for the three outlet shapes at various flow rates and comparing these results with experimental data. Very good agreement with the experimental data was obtained