Akibat Hukum Jika Surat Dakwaan Dinyatakan Obscuur Libel oleh Hakim

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana syarat-syarat membuat surat dakwaan oleh Jaksa menurut KUHAP dan apa akibat hukumnya jika surat dakwaan yang dibuat oleh jaksa dinyatakan obscuur libel oleh hakim. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif disimpulkan: 1. Surat dakwaan adalah dasar pemeriksaan sidang pengadilan yang diajukan oleh jaksa penuntut umum. Ketentuan Pasal 143 (2) KUHAP, surat dakwaan mempunyai dua syarat yang harus dipenuhi yaitu syarat formal dan syarat materil. Syarat formal yaitu dicantumkannya identitas tersangka secara jelas dan lengkap, terdiri dari nama lengkap, tempat lahir, umur atau tanggal lahir, jenis kelamin, kebangsaan, tempat tinggal, agama dan pekerjaan. Serta surat dakwaan diberi tanggal dan ditandatangani oleh jaksa penuntut umum. Sedangkan syarat materil berisikan uraian secara cermat, jelas dan lengkap mengenai tindak pidana yang didakwakan. 2. Ketentuan Pasal 143 (2) KUHAP, mensyaratkan bahwa surat dakwaan harus menyebutkan waktu (Tempus Delicti), dan tempat tindak pidana itu terjadi (Locus Delicti). Dan harus disusun secara cermat, jelas dan lengkap tentang delik yang didakwakan. Dilanggarnya syarat ini maka menurut ketentuan pasal 143 (3) KUHAP, surat dakwaan tersebut batal demi hukum dikarenakan dakwaan yang kabur/samar-samar (Obscuur Libel)

At the Crossroads: African American and Caribbean Writers in the Interwar Period

At the Crossroads: African American and Caribbean Writers in the Interwar Period charts discourses of folk culture, empire and modernity in the works of six African American and Caribbean writers. Each of the dissertation's three sections pairs a writer from the U.S. with a writer from the Anglophone, Francophone or Spanish-speaking Caribbean: Jean Toomer and Eric Walrond; Langston Hughes and Nicolás Guillén; and Zora Neale Hurston and Jean Price-Mars. I argue that these writers engage the concept of modernity precisely by turning to "imperial sites" that are conspicuously absent from dominant narratives of modern progress. With a sustained interest in the masses and vernacular culture, they turn to the remnants of the Southern plantation, the Caribbean "backwoods," the inner city slums and other "elsewheres" presumably left behind by history. I contend that U.S. empire is a crucial frame for reading the various representations of local folk culture in these works. From the construction of the Panama Canal on the eve of WWI, to the U.S. military occupation of Haiti and ongoing intervention in Cuba, the interwar years are marked by aggressive U.S. expansion into the Caribbean basin. Though it is commonplace to observe that interwar literature is preoccupied with newness and change, less acknowledged is the role of U.S. imperialism in constituting this newness. Caribbean experience is profoundly influenced by these events, and as African Americans sought fuller citizenship they could not ignore the workings of U.S. imperialism just south of the South. Far from being symbols of a bygone time, these imperial sites--and the "folk" who inhabit them--help to produce the modern. At the Crossroads considers the entanglements of U.S. empire and Jim Crow as it traces uses of the folk and vernacular culture across this U.S-Caribbean literary space. The "folk" emerge as a concept that varies across space and time, challenging anew the claims to authenticity, shared origins, and monolithic community that have persistently shaped understandings of the folk's place in the black tradition

A new approach to urban water management: Safe and sure

This paper introduces a new approach to water management that is 'Safe & SuRe'. This includes presenting a conceptual framework to link the emerging threats of climate change and variability, rapid urbanization and population growth, energy constraint and tightening environmental regulation through to their consequences on social, economic and environmental recipients. The framework allows identification of the role and need for mitigation, adaptation and coping strategies. The paper proposes definitions and discusses what engineering, organizational and/or social options can potentially develop the degree of resilience and sustainability needed to deal with these 21st century threats. The paper goes on to propose how these approaches might be objectively assessed and identifies gaps in our knowledge that require further research

Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer with Dynamic Metasurface Antennas

Radio frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) enables charging low-power mobile devices without relying on wired infrastructure. Current existing WPT systems are typically designed assuming far-field propagation, where the radiated energy is steered in given angles, resulting in limited efficiency and possible radiation in undesired locations. When large arrays at high frequencies, such as dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA), are employed, WPT might take place in the radiating nearfield (Fresnel) region where spherical wave propagation holds, rather than plane wave propagation as in the far-field. In this paper, we study WPT systems charging multiple devices in the Fresnel region, where the energy transmitter is equipped with an emerging DMA, exploring how the antenna configuration can exploit the spherical wavefront to generate focused energy beams. In particular, after presenting a mathematical model for DMA-based radiating near-field WPT systems, we characterize the weighted sum-harvested energy maximization problem of the considered system, and we propose an efficient solution to jointly design the DMA weights and digital precoding vector. Simulation results show that our design generates focused energy beams that are capable of improving energy transfer efficiency in the radiating near-field with minimal energy pollution

Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer for 6G Internet of Everything Mobile Networks: Opportunities and Challenges

Radiating wireless power transfer (WPT) brings forth the possibility to cost-efficiently charge wireless devices without requiring a wiring infrastructure. As such, it is expected to play a key role in the deployment of limited-battery communicating devices, as part of the 6G-enabled Internet of Everything (IoE) vision. To date, radiating WPT technologies are mainly studied and designed assuming that the devices are located in the far-field region of the power radiating antenna, resulting in relatively low energy transfer efficiency. However, with the transition of 6G systems to mmWave frequencies combined with the use of large-scale antennas, future WPT devices are likely to operate in the radiating near-field (Fresnel) region. In this article, we provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges that arise from radiating near-field WPT. In particular, we discuss the possibility to realize beam focusing in near-field radiating conditions, and highlight its possible implications for WPT in future IoE networks. Furthermore, we overview some of the design challenges and research directions that arise from this emerging paradigm, including its simultaneous operation with wireless communications, radiating waveform considerations, hardware aspects, and operation with typical antenna architectures

Beam Focusing for Near-Field Multiuser MIMO Communications

Large antenna arrays and high-frequency bands are two key features of future wireless communication systems. The combination of large-scale antennas with high transmission frequencies often results in the communicating devices operating in the near-field (Fresnel) region. In this paper, we study the potential of beam focusing, feasible in near-field operation, in facilitating high-rate multi-user downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. As the ability to achieve beam focusing is dictated by the transmit antenna, we study near-field signalling considering different antenna structures, including fully-digital architectures, hybrid phase shifter-based precoders, and the emerging dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA) architecture for massive MIMO arrays. We first provide a mathematical model to characterize near-field wireless channels as well as the transmission pattern for the considered antenna architectures. Then, we formulate the beam focusing problem for the goal of maximizing the achievable sum-rate in multi-user networks. We propose efficient solutions based on the sum-rate maximization task for fully-digital, (phase shifters based-) hybrid and DMA architectures. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed beam focusing scheme for both single- and multi-user scenarios. In particular, the designed focused beams provide a new degree of freedom to mitigate interference in both angle and distance domains, which is not achievable using conventional far-field beam steering, allowing reliable communications for uses even residing at the same angular direction

Birth Justice Philly: Equitable Community Engagement in Action

This article describes how a multi-sector coalition focusing on carrying out recommendations of the Philadelphia Maternal Mortality Review Committee (MMRC) engages community participation through the development of equitable strategies that culminate in the implementation of actionable methods to improve perinatal outcomes. The U.S. maternal mortality crisis continues to impact countless families and communities. Despite having some of the finest academic medical centers in the nation and a functioning county-level maternal mortality review committee, the maternal mortality rate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is far above the national average. Vital statistics show that Philadelphia’s rate of pregnancy-related deaths from 2012 to 2018 was 20 per 100,000 live births (Mehta et al., 2020), which is higher than the 2018 national rate of 17.4 per 100,000 live births (Lu et al., 2018). Philadelphia is the poorest of the nation’s 10 largest cities with more than a quarter of its 1.58 million people living in poverty. Racial inequities, substance use, and cardiovascular conditions have been identified as having a significant impact on higher death rates among pregnant and parenting people. To efficiently address the recommendations that come from the Philadelphia MMRC, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health formed an action team. Organizing Voices for Action (OVA) is comprised of a multidisciplinary group of local stakeholders, including lived experience experts. Centering community voices and maintaining equitable practices have been embedded in the formation of the coalition by drafting an equity plan, with an equity statement and quarterly audits for accountability. Prioritizing stakeholder and community engagement foster collaboration in addressing root causes of maternal mortality

A Data-driven Model for Predicting the Yield of Recoverable Sugar from Sugarcane

IntroductionSugarcane is a strategic agricultural product and increasing productivity and self-sufficiency in its production is of special importance. The most important product of sugarcane is sugar. Various factors like climatic and management conditions affect the yield of sugarcane and recoverable sugar. Crop yield forecasting is one of the most important topics in precision agriculture, which is used to estimate yield, match product supply with demand and manage product to increase productivity. The purpose of this study is to predict and model the factors affecting sugar extracted from sugarcane (recoverable sugar) in the farms of Amir-Kabir sugarcane agro-industry Company of Khuzestan province using machine learning methods.Materials and MethodsTo conduct this study, data from the agro-industrial company Amir-Kabir in the province of Khuzestan from 2010 to 2017 were used. This data has 3223 records which include four sets of data: climate, soil, crop and farm management. This data includes continuous and discrete variables. Discrete variables include production management, soil type, farm, variety, age (cane class), the month of harvest and times irrigation. Continuous variables include area, chemical fertilizer consumption, water consumption per hectare, total water consumption, drain, crop season duration, yield (cane yield) soil EC, purity, time interval drying off to crop harvest, precipitation, min and max temperature, min and max relative humidity, wind speed and evaporation. The recoverable sugar variable is considered as the target variable and is divided into two classes, values greater than or equal to 9 are in the optimal class and less than 9 are in the undesirable class. The other variables are considered as predictor variables. For modeling using the Holdout method the data were randomly divided into two independent sets, a training set and a test set. 70% of the data which includes 2256 records were used for training and 30% of the data which includes 967 records were used for testing. The modeling of this study was performed with the Python programming language version 3.8.6 in the Jupyter notebook environment. Random Forest, Adaboost, XGBoost and SVM (support vector machine) algorithms were used for modeling.Results and DiscussionTo evaluate the models, metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, f1 score and k-fold cross validation were used. The XGBoost model with 94.8% accuracy on the training set and the Adaboost model with 92.4% accuracy on the test set, are the best models. Based on precision and recall metrics Adaboost model with 87% precision and SVM model with 87% recall have better performance than the other models. Based on Repeated 10-fold stratified cross validation using two repeats the SVM model with 92.3% accuracy is the best model. The variables of purity, time interval drying off to crop harvest and crop season duration are the most important variables in predicting the recoverable sugar.ConclusionIn this study a new approach based on machine learning methods for predicting recoverable sugar from sugarcane was presented. The most important innovation of this study is the simultaneous consideration of management and climatic factors, along with other factors such as soil and crop characteristics for modeling and classification the recoverable sugar percentage from sugarcane. The results show that the performance of all models is acceptable and machine learning methods and ensemble learning algorithms can be used to predict crop yield. The results of this study and the analysis of the rules obtained from the set of decision trees made in the random forest model can be used for managers of different agro-industries in determining appropriate strategies and preparing the conditions to achieve optimal production.For future research as well as policy making and decision making Amir-Kabir sugarcane agro-industry Company the following suggestions are offered: more samples can be used to obtain more reliable results. Also can be used Deep learning methods, time series analysis and image processing. Use of IOT equipment to collect and real-time processing data on Amir-Kabir sugarcane agro-industry farms